Sunflower Oil Production Research Articles

A Time Trend and Persistence Analysis of Sunflower Oil and Olive Oil Prices in the Context of the Russia-Ukraine War

The imbalances between sunflower oil production (Ukraine) and olive oil production (Europe) due to the substitution effects caused by the Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022 affected the prices. Given that Ukraine is the largest producer of global sunflower oil and Europe is the largest territory that produces olive oil, this scientific article tries to analyze the global prices of both vegetable oils and understand how the war between Russia and Ukraine has affected them. Advanced statistical and econometric methods to carry out this analysis have been used. It is found that the prices of both variables separately have similar behavior and that the shock caused by the war will be transitory, with the original price trend recovering in the long term using fractional integration methods. In a multivariate analysis, using a causality test in the frequency domain we observe that both variables are related to each other, and the effects of war will have an impact in the long term, with olive oil being the cause. A negative relationship between both variables measured with a wavelet analysis is also observed. Furthermore, if this trend continues, the price of olive oil would prevail over the price of sunflower in the war between Russia and Ukraine. Finally, a 12-month prediction is presented using artificial neural networks, where the price of olive oil will be high for at least 11 more months. The price of sunflower oil is predicted to last for only 5 more months.

High Pressure Extraction as a Green Alternative to the Conventional Sunflower Oil (Helianthus annuus) Production Process - Extraction with Pressurized Ethanol in an Intermittent Process and with Supercritical Fluid.

This research explores green-technology alternatives to extract vegetable oils as alternatives to hexane, a non-renewable solvent, focussing on sunflower oil. It compares pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with ethanol and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with CO2. Both processes aim to maximize oil yield, tocopherol content (α, β, γ, and δ), fatty acid profile (FA), and triacylglycerol (TAG) composition. Results show that SFE at 32 MPa achieves an87.58% oil recovery, while PLE at 84°C achieves 93.93%. PLE with ethanol extracts polar minority compounds along with the oil due to its higher temperature, favoring extraction. The total tocopherol content is 91.17 mg/100 g of oil in optimized SFE conditions, with α-tocopherol extraction influenced by temperature, γ and δ-tocopherol by pressure. PLE yields 83.16mg/100g of oil in tocopherols influenced less by process variables. The fatty acid (FA) profile do not vary in the oils obtained from different processes or based on the variables within each process, with linoleic and oleic acids being the most abundant. Similarly, triacylglycerols (TAGs) C54:5 and C54:6 are predominant. The optimization of SFE and PLE processes indicates a strong potential for using green solvents in the extraction of tocopherol-rich sunflower oil.

Community effects associated with sunflower oil production: systematic review

Abstract This systematic review explores the multifaceted landscape of community issues in the context of sunflower oil production. As a crucial component of the agro-industrial sector, sunflower oil production significantly contributes to global edible oil supplies. However, the socio-economic dynamics within communities engaged in this industry are complex and warrant a comprehensive examination. The study synthesises existing literature to identify community issues around sunflower oil production by following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. This study extracted 68 articles from the Scopus database relating the diverse impacts of sunflower oil production on communities. It resulted in 10 articles to analyse, focusing on health and socio-economic dynamics. A review of 10 relevant articles revealed that most of the reviewed studies indicate positive effects in terms of health outcomes. Especially in resource-constrained settings, sunflower oil distribution contributes to improved infant care. However, a notable exception exists in a Mexican case where toxic substances were found in the breast milk of mothers consuming sunflower oil, emphasising the importance of safety regulations in production. On the socio-economic front, limited research exists, with only two articles addressing this aspect. Nevertheless, these studies highlight the potential for job creation and positive environmental outcomes associated with sunflower oil production.

Preparation and evaluation of sunflower oil by enzymatic aqueous extraction

AbstractThe objective of this study was to produce sunflower oil using pectinase, flavor protease, and alkaline protease. The optimal parameters for the enzymatic hydrolysis process were determined through sensory evaluation, resulting in a temperature of 120°C, a duration of 30 minutes, a polysaccharide to protein ratio of 2:1 for the enzymatic hydrolysate, and an enzymatic hydrolysate to oil ratio of 1:3. Under these specific conditions, the sunflower oil (K4) achieved the highest sensory score of 13.9, exhibiting a pronounced oily flavor alongside moderate baked and nutty flavors. Compared to the controls of first‐grade sunflower oil (K1), sunflower kernel oil (K2) and sunflower oil prepared by roasting (K3), the acid value (AV) in K4 exhibited a statistically significant decrease compared to K2 and K3, conversely, the peroxide value (PV) and BaP content in K4 demonstrated a statistically significant increase compared to K1 and K2. Additionally, the tocopherols in K4 exhibited a lower concentration compared to K1, while the sterols were effectively retained and showed no significant difference to these control groups. The fatty acid composition of the four different sunflower oil samples were analyzed, revealing that the contents of oleic acid (C18:1) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) in K4 were significantly higher than K2, and there was no significant difference compared to K1. This investigation of the present study could provide a certain theoretical basis for the production of sunflower oil by enzymes.

The Role of Economic and Social Factors Affecting the Efficiency of Small-Scale Sunflower Oil Production Companies in Tanzania

Most developing nations, including Tanzania, consider agro-processing a key to industrialization. Despite an attractive sunflower seed yield, Tanzania's sunflower oil processing and production have been staggering over the years. Sunflower oil production is inefficient, which leads to low output. So, this research studied sunflower oil production technical efficiency in the Singida region. The study examined the social and economic factors that affect technical efficiency in small-scale sunflower oil producers. It applied cross-sectional design and secondary data for the years 2016–2017, which were collected from the Central Zone Sunflower Oil Processors Association and Small Industrial Development Organization based on Singida sunflower oil producers. It also used stochastic frontier analysis and multiple linear regressions to find the empirical economic relationship between the variables. Sunflower oil producers averaged 30.1% less technical efficiency, as the average was 69.9%. It also revealed that labor, seed, capital, and electricity affect production, while age, experience, education, and locality also matter. Finally, processing techniques, socio-economic, and demographic differences affect sunflower oil production. So, producers must increase capital inputs to be technically efficient. Consider boosting producer capacity and abilities and observing a minimum number of productive staff.

Production of edible lecithin from sunflower-oil refining waste

ABSTRACT The spent meal from the production of sunflower oil is a phosphatide concentrate that contains 50–60% of phospholipids (lecithin). We have developed a methodology for the defatting of phosphatide concentrate with isopropyl alcohol at an elevated temperature and low ratios of the phosphatide concentrate to the extractant, and subsequent identification of the components of food lecithin. Extraction at 60°C attains a relatively high yield of phospholipids; phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylethanolamine predominate in the fractional composition of phospholipids; at the same time, the carbohydrate content is reduced.

Использование новых кормовых добавок из местных растительных ресурсов в рационах кур-несушек

Purpose. To establish the effect of extruded grain of amaranth (Amaranthus hybridus chlorostachys) with and without the addition of a complex of enzymes, sunflower polysaccharide extract (hereinafter referred to as SPE), sunflower and pumpkin fuses in combination with bischofite on economic, biological, hematological indicators and the immune status of laying hens. Materials and Methods. The experiment was carried out on laying hens of the industrial herd of the Hayseks brown cross at the breeding enterprise of the Volgograd region of the Svetloyarsky district on the basis of Agricultural enterprise "Svetly" JSC "Agrofirm Vostok". Blood biochemical parameters were determined according to the methods of JSC "Deacon-DS" using the appropriate set of biochemical reagents on automatic biochemical analyzers URIT-800Vet, URIT-3020, other studies – on certified equipment in the complex analytical laboratory of VRIMMP (Volgograd, Russia). The obtained results were processed using software, calculating the mean value (M), standard errors of the mean value (±SEM) and determination of the Student-Fisher test for the significance of the difference. Results. The positive dynamics of cholesterol reduction by 6.87% was proved with the addition of 10% amaranth and by 9.86% with the addition of 10% amaranth and 250 g/t of the multienzyme complex. The use of sunflower polysaccharide extract in feeding laying hens – a by-product of sunflower oil production – in the amount of 3; 5 and 7% contributed to an increase in the yield of hatching eggs, respectively, by 88, 239 and 149 pcs. regarding control, increase in the intensity of egg production, feed conversion. The highest efficiency in the production of hatching eggs was achieved when using sunflower polysaccharide extract at a dosage of 5.0% in the diet structure. A significant increase in the productivity of chickens of all experimental groups by a value of 2.00 to 3.94% (P≤0.001) was established with the addition of pumpkin, sunflower phosphatides and bischofite, while the upper value was recorded with the addition of sunflower phosphatides and bischofite. The addition of pumpkin phosphatides contributed to the greatest increase in the weight of the laid egg relative to the control by 2.7 g (4.38%). Feeding both types of phosphatides contributed to the economy of feed, lowering cholesterol levels by 2 to 3.6%. The use of bischofite was manifested in a significant increase in the thickness of the shell, respectively, by a value from 13.0 to 21.2 microns. Conclusion. The greatest reduction in cholesterol levels (by 9.86%) and efficiency in the production of eggs was achieved with the addition of 10% amaranth and 250 g/t of the multi-enzyme complex. The best economic and biological indicators of poultry were recorded when using sunflower polysaccharide extract at a dosage of 5.0% in the diet structure. The addition of sunflower phosphatides in the amount of 3% and 2.6% bischofite contributed to a significant increase in the productivity of chickens by 3.94% (P≤0.001). The addition of pumpkin phosphatides contributed to the greatest increase in the weight of the laid egg relative to the control by 2.7 g (4.38%). The inclusion of bischofite in the diet of laying hens resulted in a significant increase in shell thickness by 13.0 to 21.2 µm.

Роль севооборота в экономике производства подсолнечника в Российской Федерации

On the territory of the Russian Federation, the main cultivated oilseed crop is sunflower. The share of acreage under this agriculture has been steadily growing in recent years. In 2022, they increased by 280 thousand hectares and amounted to 10.0 million hectares, while over the period from 2013 to 2022, the acreage occupied by the crop increased by 38%. According to the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia, in 2022 the sunflower harvest increased by 4.5% compared to 2021 and amounted to 16.4 million tons, which in turn allowed to increase the production of sunflower oil by 14%. Sunflower seeds are in stable demand from domestic oil extraction plants, as well as on the international market, which in turn encourages farmers to increase the area of sowing. However, an increase in the share of sunflower in the structure of sown areas above the scientifically justified level is associated with a real risk of reducing crop yields and reducing the productivity of all crop rotations. According to the research result, the highest crop yield was obtained in the regions where the scientifically justified proportion of sunflower in the structure of crops is maintained.

Biochar Decreases Cr Toxicity and Accumulation in Sunflower Grown in Cr(VI)-Polluted Soil.

Biochar is preferentially recommended for the remediation of heavy metal-polluted soils. Sunflower is an important high-biomass oil crop with a promising potential for phytoremediation of Cr(VI)-polluted soil. However, how biochar affects sunflower growth and Cr accumulation in Cr(VI)-polluted soil needs to be elucidated. Here, a pot culture experiment was conducted to study whether soil amendment with biochar (0, 0.1%, 1%, and 5%, w/w) can mitigate Cr toxicity and accumulation in sunflower seedlings grown in soils artificially polluted with different levels of Cr(VI) (0, 50, and 250 mg Cr(VI)/kg soil). The addition of Cr(VI) exhibited significant phytotoxicity, as evidenced by inhibited plant growth and even the death of seedlings at 250 mg/kg Cr(VI). Overall, biochar amendment showed positive effects on plant growth and Cr immobilization, dependent on both the biochar dose and Cr addition level. When 50 mg/kg Cr(VI) was added, 1% biochar showed positive effects similar to 5% biochar on improving plant growth and mineral nutrition (particularly K), reducing Cr content in shoots and roots, and decreasing Cr availability and Cr(VI) content in the soil. In comparison with non-amendment, 1% and 5% biochar caused 85% and 100% increase in shoot dry weights, and 75% and 86% reduction in shoot Cr concentrations, respectively. When 250 mg/kg Cr(VI) was added, a 5% dose produced much better benefits than 1%, while a 0.1% dose did not help plants to survive. Overall, an appropriate dose of biochar enhanced Cr(VI) immobilization and subsequently decreased its toxicity and accumulation in sunflower seedlings. Our findings confirm that biochar can be used as an efficient amendment for the remediation of Cr(VI)-polluted soils and cleaner production of sunflower oil and biomass.

Sequential Processing Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and High-Intensity Ultrasound in Sunflower Protein Flour Production: Nutritional Value, Microstructure, and Technological Functionality

Sunflowers are among the world’s most widely cultivated oilseeds with an interesting nutritional composition. A biomass composed mainly of carbohydrates, fibers, and proteins is generated from sunflower oil production. In this context, the objective of this study was to investigate the application of emerging technologies to sunflower biomass to obtain an edible protein-rich flour with the potential to be exploited in the food industry. The effects of the optimized conditions for the sequential processing of sunflower meal using supercritical carbon dioxide (SCO2) and high-intensity ultrasound (HIUS) were investigated. The protein structure was preserved even after the application of HIUS to the flour as verified through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the electrophoresis curves. The fact that the HIUS treatment did not modify the protein structure demonstrates that this emerging technology could be incorporated into the processing chain of this new food ingredient (sunflower flour) without promoting damage to the nutritional value of the product regarding its protein content. At a pH of 7.0, the flour showed only 30% solubility, and HIUS application improved both the formation and the stability of the emulsion when compared to the other samples. The preliminary evaluation of cell viability (caco2 cells) showed its protective potential against reactive oxygen species. Therefore, the flour resulting from the green processes presented the potential to be employed as an ingredient in the food industry, presenting a technological and nutritional potential when considering its chemical composition. In addition to the novel edible flour, the phenolic compounds obtained a present potential as a functional ingredient to be incorporated into foods.

Sunflower seed cake as a source of nutrients in gluten-free bread

An increase in the demand for cold-pressed vegetable oils can be observed, e.g. from sunflower. The press cake formed during sunflower oil production can also be an important source of protein, carbohydrates, and phenolic compounds. The aim of the study was to examine the quality of gluten-free breads fortified with sunflower seed cake. The fortified products were characterized by lower moisture content (49.35–48.87%). The bake loss parameter decreased after the use of the highest 15% dose of the sunflower cake. The addition of the sunflower cake caused an increase in the content of nutrients, compared to the control sample: protein (7.44–9.69%d.b.), fat (3.41–10.72%d.b.), crude fiber (1.23–2.34%d.b.), polyphenols (89.3–222.3 mg·100 gd.b.−1), and soluble sugars (2.42–2.73%d.b.). The gluten-free breads with the sunflower seed cake exhibited lower hardness, springiness, and chewiness but higher cohesiveness. The use of the additive contributed to the darkening of the gluten-free bread crumb. The appearance, consistency, aroma, and palatability of the sunflower cake-fortified gluten-free bread were found to be much more attractive than the parameters of the unmodified bread. The conducted research has shown that, thanks to sunflower cake addition, it is possible to obtain a highly nutritious product with desirable sensory quality.

Investigation of Conversion of Sunflower Oil Production Wastes to High Value Compounds by Supercritical CO2

The evaluation of wastes from edible oil production industry has increasing importance because of resources deficiency and growing population day by day. It was aimed to investigate the recovery potential of oil and valuable components such as total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant activities with conventional and green extraction methods from edible sunflower oil production wastes. Firstly, Soxhlet extraction was applied on the waste samples from filtration of the oil and then supercritical CO2 (SC- CO2) extraction was performed to compare extraction yield. The statistical evaluation of the SC- CO2 extraction experiments was conducted with the Minitab Software program. It was concluded that 37% extraction yield was obtained with the mixture of perlite and waste sample, while the highest recovery was observed as 27% for the perlite-free sample. The interaction of independent variables (temperature and pressure) on the recovery yields were determined as significant (p=0.002). Pressure was detected more effective on the valuable substance contents of the extracts than temperature. The most efficient conditions were 50 oC and 22.1 MPa for oil recovery, while 60 oC and 20 MPa for valuable substance recovery.

Виробництво соняшникової олії на принципах циркулярної економіки: регіональні аспекти

Abstract. Introduction. Fossil fuel-based energy systems are limited by a number of factors such as their exhaustibility, harmful emissions, and increasing prices. Sunflower seed production strives to achieve high yields with the least production costs and environmental burden. Future development should be achieved mainly by recycling field-based and process-based residues instead of natural resources. The use of a circular economy strategy can overcome the above challenges. Purpose. The purpose of this paper was to study the impact of residues-based biorefinery (bio-fertilizer production, electricity, and heat generation) on primary circular economy indicators. Renewable energy production and carbon dioxide emission savings were the subjects of the current manuscript. The objectives of this study were as follows: the identification of suitable indicators; the analysis of current technologies; the calculation of circular economy indicators. Results. To reach the purpose, we used scientific methods such as abstract-logical (to establish the problem statement and draw the conclusions), monographic (to analyze scientific works devoted to the circular economy), and dialectical knowledge. The novelty of our study is the analysis of energy saving technologies in sunflower oil production and related circular economy indicators. Promising energy saving technologies for sunflower seed cultivation and oil production were analyzed. The use of recycled municipal sewage water for irrigated agriculture is a promising technology in arid and semi-arid regions. It can save scarce reserve of fresh water. The implementation of a circular model in sunflower cultivation and processing requires an application of suitable business models. Conclusions. Sunflower field-based and process-based residues can be resources for biorefinery and ensure a way toward sustainable development based on the principle of the circular economy. Utilization of by-products allows substituting of hydrocarbon fossil fuels, generating renewable energy, and decreasing of carbon dioxide emissions. Recycling of crop residues (sunflower stalks) has a positive impact on circular economy indicators. According to our research, the use of sunflower husk for co-generation gives the best results. The implementation of the circular economy model in sunflower seed cultivation and oil production will contribute to the sustainable economic development of agriculture.

Evaluation of the possibility of using regenerating oil and fat industry waste in elastomeric compound

The paper reports the way of regenerating the oil and fat industry waste by using in elastomeric composition based on polydiene. Chemical composition, physical and mechanical properties of oil- and wax-containing fraction as a secondary raw material of sunflower oil production were determined using modern instrumental methods. The complex of technological, vulcanization, physical, mechanical, and other properties of filled and non-filled model elastomeric composition based on butadiene--methylstyrene rubber with 1.5 phr of oil- and wax-containing fraction was studied. The feasibility of using the studied bio-additives in filled elastomeric compositions with provides a high level of their properties and widens the range of ecologically safe ingredients from renewable plant raw material.

ASSESSMENT OF HIGH-PROTEIN QUALITY FEED ADDITIVES FROM BY-PRODUCTS MANUFACTURE OF SUNFLOWER OIL

The article states that until 2022, Ukraine will occupy the first place in the world food market in the production of sunflower, sunflower oil and export of sunflower oil. The production of sunflower has always been sufficiently profitable, and the products of its processing competitive on the domestic and world markets. They are also an important component of food and feed protein resources. The production of complete ration compound feed for farm animals and poultry is restrained by a shortage of protein components, a low level of sanitary and hygienic safety of protein raw materials of animal origin. This leads to a decrease in the efficiency of feed, their costs and, as it should be, a shortage of livestock products. Cake and meal are high-protein raw materials, which are obtained in the amount of 1/3 of the mass of processed seeds during the production of sunflower oil. The fodder value of sunflower cake and meal is given. Factors that negatively affect the nutritional value and availability of nutrients of sunflower meal in the feed of farm animals and poultry were analyzed. The choice of components for the production of high-protein feed additive is theoretically justified. The indicators of the quality of sunflower seeds and by-products of their processing, which meet the requirements of DSTU, have been determined. On the basis of theoretical and experimental data, a structural scheme for the production of a high-protein feed supplement based on sunflower cake and meal is proposed, which involves the preliminary preparation of the by-products of sunflower oil production - cake and meal, with the following dosage in the amount: 75% sunflower meal, 10% sunflower cake and 15% limestone flour. The physical properties and microbiological indicators of the quality of a highprotein feed additive were experimentally determined, and it was determined that, compared to a loose, granular high-protein feed additive, it has the following advantages: increased nutritional value, has a greater volumetric weight, sanitary quality, which leads to saving space during transportation and better storage.

Развитие производства и влияние региональных факторов на технологические параметры качества семян и масла подсолнечника

2020 in Russia. A correlation and regression analysis of the relationship between the indicators of sunflower seed production in the Russian Federation and a number of related data for the period 1945-2020 was performed. The analysis of the structure of production and consumption of sunflower oil in the Russian Federation is given. The purpose of the study is to study the stages of production development and the influence of regional factors on the technological parameters of the quality of sunflower seeds and oil. It is shown that the yield of sunflower seeds in most cases strongly influenced the gross harvest of sunflower seeds, while the correlation coefficient exceeded 0.7. With the exception of the period when 2.1-4.0 million tons of sunflower seeds were obtained, which may be due in some cases to adverse weather conditions and violations of cultivation technologies. The oil content in sunflower seeds depends on its content in the kernel and the amount of husk. The higher the oil content in the kernel and the lower the percentage of husk, the sunflower seeds have a rich oil content. The density of crops also affects the oil content of sunflower. Dense sowing, within certain climatic and weather conditions, contributes to an increase in the oil content in seeds. The health benefits and nutritional value of sunflower oil are due to its fatty acid composition, namely the content of unsaturated fatty acids. The content of fatty acids in various varieties of sunflower oil, including from the raw materials of the Ural region, the nutritional value of vegetable oil, the prospects for the production of vegetable oil in the Russian Federation were studied. The study of the fatty acid composition of vegetable oils was carried out on the basis of the Unified Laboratory Complex of the Ural State University of Economics. The quality assessment was carried out by chromatographic method using generally accepted techniques. It was found that the content of unsaturated fatty acids in triglycerides exceeded the content of saturated acids. Thus, for polyunsaturated fatty acids, sunflower oil of direct extraction (88.80% by weight) has a higher content, while unrefined sunflower oil has a slight deviation (88.72% by weight), flaxseed (88.49% by weight), which characterizes a high nutritional value. Thus, according to the content of linolenic acid, the highest content (61.10% by weight) was found in sunflower oil of direct extraction. Rapeseed oil is inferior to other types of oil in terms of unsaturated fatty acids (76.42% by weight). The problem of raw material quality depends on many factors, namely humidity, oil content, acidity of seeds plays an important role here. Yield depends on weather conditions, availability of zoned varieties, agrotechnical techniques. Sunflower cultivation in the Urals has its own peculiarities related to the climate and soil conditions of the region. Therefore, in order to obtain a high yield, it is necessary to choose specially adapted varieties of this crop.

Sunflower production in Vojvodina province (Serbia): Trends, challenges, and opportunities

Sunflowers have emerged as a significant global crop with extensive economic, agricultural, and nutritional significance. This article presents a comprehensive analysis of sunflower production in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, Serbia, delving into key trends, challenges, and opportunities within the industry. Serbia, being a prominent player in the European sunflower market, has been influenced by its diverse agricultural landscape and its commitment to sustainable practices, shaping the dynamics of sunflower cultivation and oil production. The study thoroughly investigates production statistics, regional disparities, and the influence of external factors on sunflower farming and market dynamics in Vojvodina. Data from reputable sources such as the FAO, USDA, and COCERAL at the European level are utilized, along with information on sunflower production and oil prices obtained from the Statistical Yearbooks of the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. The findings of the study revealed a notable rise in harvested areas, yield, and overall production during the observed period, concurrent with shifts in the global market. Additionally, the price of sunflower oil demonstrated an upward trend, reflecting these market dynamics.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF SUNFLOWER SEED PRODUCTION IN SINGIDA REGION, TANZANIA

Sunflower seed production has been a response of rising demand for sunflower oil in the local and export market of Tanzania. The use of certified sunflower seeds has increased production of sunflower oil among the producers for local and export market. This work aimed at investigating the socio-economic determinants affecting sunflower seed production in Singida region of Tanzania. The cross-section research design with a sample size of 140 respondents was used to obtain information regarding determinants of sunflower seed production in the study area. The findings of the study shows that, the level of technology used by seed producers and suppliers, the use of skilled labor in the factories , the market deman, disasters and diseases were the key factors having a direct effect on sunflower seed production. The extent of seed production was measured based on tons of seeds produced in the years 2016 to 2020, and the study also found that sunflower seed production was low compared to the market demand at the same period. The study concluded that the rate of sunflower seed production and supply in the market can be increased by upgrading the technology used in sunflower seed value chain in Tanzania.

STATISTICAL STUDY OF THE DYNAMICS OF SUNFLOWER PRODUCTION: NEW REALITIES AND CHALLENGES OF THE TIME

This article delves into a meticulous examination of the sunflower production dynamics in Ukraine, scrutinizing the evolving landscape and confronting challenges in the contemporary era. The analysis encompasses a broad spectrum, including shifts in production practices, market trends, economic ramifications, environmental considerations, and the influence of global factors. With a focus on the new realities and challenges faced by the Ukrainian sunflower industry, the article aims to provide nuanced insights into the opportunities and obstacles within the context of a dynamically changing agricultural and geopolitical backdrop. Sunflower, a pivotal crop in Ukraine, holds significance both domestically and internationally, serving as a lucrative avenue for agricultural enterprises. Internationally, Ukraine emerges as a leading contributor to sunflower oil production, with profound implications for global vegetable oil markets. The article navigates through these intricacies, shedding light on the industry's role, challenges posed by geopolitical events like the Russia-Ukraine conflict, and the consequential economic impacts. As Ukraine grapples with damages to its agricultural sector, particularly in sunflower production, the article outlines the extensive recovery and reconstruction needs, providing a comprehensive strategy for revitalizing the industry. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the Ukrainian sunflower industry's current state and its resilience amid complex challenges.

Wojna w Ukrainie jako determinanta zmian w zachowaniach konsumenckich w Polsce i na świecie. Przykład rynków żywnościowych, nieruchomości oraz dóbr luksusowych

The war in Ukraine and global inflation are currently having a direct impact on the consumer behavior of both Poles and people around the world. This is confirmed by a number of research reports and statistical data. One can also observe this phenomenon in macroeconomic indi- cators. Ukraine is an important agricultural basin (including 10% of world wheat production and 50% of sunflower oil production), and Russia is blocking grain supplies through Ukrainian ports on the Black Sea. This supply glut is particularly felt in countries dependent on imports of Ukrainian grain and cooking oil, such as Egypt and India. The European real estate market, initially resistant to inflation and the war in Ukraine, is also starting to become more dynamic. Demand for luxury goods in Europe and the United States is growing despite a confluence of many negative factors that would seem expected to spoil consumer sentiment. The article will outline significant changes in consumer behavior with regard to the food, real estate and luxury goods markets, which represent the need for both companies’ marketing efforts and their sales strategies and consumers themselves to adapt to the “new” economic and social reality.