Sumy Region Research Articles

Nature of current and assessment of possible future changes in the water regime of lake Lebedyne (Sumy region)

Aim of the research is to identify the characteristic features of modern and predictive assessment until 2030 possible changes in the water regime of the Lake Lebedyne. Methods of the research – water balance method (to clarify the nature of modern changes in the water exchange of the lake), pairwise and multiple correlation methods (for statistical analysis of relationships between hydro-meteorological variables). Scientific novelty – for the first time the analysis of modern changes in the water exchange of the Lake Lebedyne by comparing the components of the lake's water balance for two periods - modern (1991-2019) with the period of the climatic norm (1961-1990); for the first time estimated for the next decade (2021-2030) changes in the water regime of Lake Lebedyne. Practical value is determined by the fact that the main provisions of this scientific research will be used when discussing a project to improve the state of Lake Lebedyne, which was provided for by the Program of Economic and Social Development of the city of Lebedin for 2020-2021 program years. Research results. It was revealed that the total volume of water inflow into the lake in the modern period (1991-2019) has decreased (compared to the period of the climatic norm - 1961-1990) by almost 16%. Of these, the inflow of water from the area adjacent to the lake (slope runoff) decreased by 17.8%, and the amount of atmospheric precipitation on the lake's surface by 11.7% also decreased. There is a decrease in the absolute volume of evaporation from the water surface of Lake Lebedyne due to a decrease in the volume of water inflow. However, at the same time, against the background of an increase in air temperature, the intensity of evaporation increases - its share in the water-balance ratios increased by 8.3% compared to the period of the climatic norm. Evaluating the accumulative component of the lake's water balance, it can be stated that during the period of climatic normal there was a certain accumulation of water in the lake - on average by + 22130 m3 annually. In the modern period, the volume of water in the lake was depleted - on average for the period 1991-2019 by - 81200 m3 per year. As a result, the volume of water in the lakebed in the modern period has decreased by about 40-42% compared to the period of the climatic norm. According to the forecast estimates of the values of the total water inflow into the lake Lebedyne for the period 2021-2030 it can be assumed that in comparison with the previous decade, they will grow by an average of 18%. Therefore, with a certain stabilization of the evaporation values, one can expect an insignificant, but nevertheless, replenishment of the lake with water.

The impact of complex engineering and geological conditions on the durability of the polymer pipeline

Formulation of the problem. During the construction of the oil collector, in order to ensure uninterrupted transportation of products, it was planned to lay an industrial oil collector made of fiberglass pipes. In some areas, repeated depressurization of the joints of the fiberglass oil collector occurred. In this regard, there was a need for a comprehensive approach to establishing the causes of the aerial situations. The purpose of the article is to analyze the impact of complex engineering and geological conditions on the durability of the polymer pipeline using the example of an industrial oil collector made of fiberglass pipes of the Anastasiv deposit, located in the territory of the Romen district of the Sumy region of Ukraine. Materials and methods. To achieve the goal, a visual survey of the geological and geomorphological structure was performed, as well as the analysis of the engineering and geological conditions of the territory where the fiberglass pipeline is laid. Soil samples were taken from the place of depressurization of the polymer pipeline joint, and their physical and mechanical characteristics were determined. Modeling and calculation of the stability of the slope on which the depressurization of the joint of the polymer pipeline occurs, were carried out by the finite element method. Results. During the examination of the fiberglass pipeline, negative and potentially negative factors of the engineering and geological conditions influence on the laying and operation of fiberglass collectors were established. It was revealed that there was a discrepancy between the design decision and the actual layout of the fiberglass pipes, which could lead to the occurance of areas of "sag" and, as a result, an increase in the stresses in the pipeline from the backfill load. At the same time, the realization of subsidence phenomena of IGE 5 after laying the pipeline also led to additional non-design stresses. The analysis of engineering-geological and hydrogeological conditions indicates the possible activity of slope processes in the study area, which leads to a violation of the stability of the slope and, consequently, the occurrence of additional displacement and stresses due to,deformation of the soil massif. Scientific novelty and practical significance. The necessity of conducting engineering-geological surveys to assess the impact of complex engineering and geological conditions on the durability of a polymer pipeline is substantiated. The main negative processes and phenomena that led to emergency situations on the territory of laying the polymer pipeline were identified.

DETERMINATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL CONDITION OF A SURFACE WATER OBJECT (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE SEIM RIVER)

The article presents an analysis of the qualitative composition of the surface water body, namely the Seim River in Chernihiv and Sumy regions, to determine changes in its ecological status. A statistical and systematic analysis of changes in the ecological state according to the interactive map "Monitoring and environmental assessment of water resources of Ukraine" of the State Agency of Water Resources of Ukraine in the period from January 2012 to December 2020. The content of normative indicators was also analyzed: polyphosphates, ammonium, nitrates and nitrites, phosphates and sulfates. Data on control of water intake from 4 posts within the Seim River were studied. In the future, the results of the study can be used in the development and implementation of a reliable and effective model for forecasting the ecological status of the Seim River.

Characteristics of Symptom Complexes of Professional Burnout Among Pedagogical Workers of Educational Institutions of Various Types

The creation of conditions for the emotional well-being of teachers in the conditions of the labour process transformation is necessary for the prevention of the occurrence of production-related morbidity and the creation of the most favourable working conditions. The purpose of the research is to assess the formation stages of symptom complexes of professional burnout among pedagogical workers of educational institutions of various types. The leading research method is experimental. During the ascertaining experiment, the level of professional burnout was assessed according to V. V. Boiko’s method “Diagnostics of the level of emotional burnout” among 852 pedagogical workers of the Sumy region during 2008-2021. The dependence of the development of professional burnout and symptom complexes of tension, resistance, and exhaustion on organizational factors of the type of educational institution was established. The obtained results of the research made it possible to develop practical recommendations for the promotion of professional health of primary school teachers, which are based on information, health, psychotherapeutic and organizational measures.

Research of the Rushnyk Collection of the National Historical and Ethnographic Reserve «Pereiaslav» in 2007—2021

The article is devoted to the study of the collection of rushnyks of the National Historical and Ethnographic Reserve «Pereiaslav» (hereinafter NHER «Pereiaslav»), as well as the scientific heritage of Natalia Zaika in covering the history of the Museum of Ukrainian rushnyk, development of artistic crafts in the region and formation of the historiographic base of this subject. It has been established that the historiography of the rushnyks collection research is divided into three periods: 1992-1998; 2005-2009; 2015-2021. The analysis of the work indicates that the collection has been studied exclusively by the research staff of the Reserve. The modern stage of collection research, chronologically defined as 2015-2021, includes the works of N. Zaika, S. Zuber, N. Pavlyk. Their legacy over the years includes publications and scholarly articles and catalogues that examine: the collection of monastic rushnyks; regional representation of rushnyks in the collection; rushnyks from art products factories; activities of the Museum of Ukrainian rushnyk. In particular, it has been established that the fund collection contains a lot of monastic rushnyks, which are no less interesting and original than the folk ones and have their own ornamental composition, colouring etc. It has been determined that the basis of the rushnyk collection is an ethnographic component, which is revealed in the regional representation of the items. Decorative and applied items of Pereiaslav, Cherkasy and Sumy regions are studied. Attention is also paid to the products of the Pereiaslav and Boguslav art products factories, which are kept in the funds and are exhibited in the Reserve. Attention is focused on the history and activity of the Museum of Ukrainian rushnyk as a part of NHER «Pereiaslav». The scientific heritage of the reserve staff and the significance of N. Zaika's researches of the fund collection of rushnyks, its themes, as well as the history of creation and activity of the factory of artistic products named after Bohdan Khmelnytsky in Pereiaslav are pointed out.

Analysis of the health-oriented environment of modern general secondary education institutions

The relevance of the research lies in the importance of researching the problems of the successful life of an individual under complicated socio-economic conditions. The socio-cultural development and health of the student is significantly influenced by the specifics of the educational environment of an educational institution. The Network Foundation “Schools for Health in Europe” is considered to be one of the effective mechanisms for building a health-oriented educational environment. The purpose of the study is to analyze the state of the health-oriented educational environment of modern institutions of general secondary education that are part of the National Network of Health Promotion Schools. Research methods. The analysis of the state of the health-oriented environment of modern institutions of general secondary education was carried out according to the method of evaluating the health-oriented activity of an educational institution. To collect information, a questionnaire for teachers was used, which contains five blocks aimed at evaluating the components of the educational environment. The material and technical base of an institution, the content and technologies of education and upbringing, and social communications of all participants in the educational process were analyzed. 69 teachers of the Sumy region took part in the survey. Research results. According to the results of the teachers' questionnaire, the general state of the health-oriented educational environment in most general secondary education institutions (73.84%) corresponds to the third stage – School of health promotion. Comparative analysis of the state of the health-oriented educational environment (blocks: I. Declaration on the intentions of health-oriented activities, II. Favorability of the school environment for health preservation, III. Social and psychological climate in the educational institution, IV. Content and technologies of value formation attitude of the subjects of the educational process, V. Social partnership of the educational institution) indicates that the components I. Declaration of intentions and V. Social partnership of the educational institution (average score 168.14 and 178.3, respectively) have the lowest score, which requires additional efforts on the part of pedagogical teams and scientific and methodological assistance of network coordinators. Block II is in the best condition. Favorability of the school environment for maintaining health (average score – 243.35).

A histological pattern of the internal genitalia of cows with follicular ovarian cyst

Intensification of the cattle population reproduction is an indispensable condition for the increase in the production of cattle breeding products. However, everyday abnormal effects of various factors on the intensively functioning organism of animals lead to the emergence of pathologies that restrain the rate of increase in the number of cows. Despite a wide range of problems, the results of numerous studies confirm and emphasize that a significant cause of symptomatic infertility in rejected cows is ovarian follicular cysts, accompanied with pathological changes in other organs of the reproductive system. Transrectal and ultrasound examination allows to diagnose pathology, but the issue of changes at the microscopic level in the ovaries and other organs of the reproductive system remains insufficiently studied, which inhibits the development of new methods of restoring the endocrine function of the gonads. In this regard, the morphology and pathology of the ovaries and uterus of cows require further careful study. The research was conducted in the conditions of the agricultural production cooperative “Agrofirma Semenivska”, Sumy region, on Holstein cows of different ages and productivity. At the gynecological stage of dispensation, the condition of the internal genital organs of 47 infertile cows, 14 of which were rejected, and 8 diagnosed with ovarian follicular cyst, was examined. In the conditions of the meat processing plant, the uterus and ovaries were dissected from the genitals taken immediately after slaughtering 8 cows. Pieces of tissue measuring 1 x 2 cm were cut from the walls of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries, then fixed in 10 % aqueous formalin solution; histosections were made according to the generally accepted method, being stained with hematoxylin-eosin, and examined by light microscopy. It has been established that on the histopreparations, made from the ovary with a follicular cyst, there is desquamation of individual cells of the covering epithelium, atresia of the obliterating type, which is characterized by dystrophic changes of granulosis with pronounced desquamation of follicular cells filling the cavity of the cystic follicle with the subsequent formation of a fibrous atretic body. While examining histological sections from the uterus, a large number of arterial vessels with thick walls surrounded by connective tissue fibers and groups of endometrial glands of a typical structure, which is typical for endometriosis, have been found in the thickness of the myometrium. The endometrium has turned out to be represented by a cytogenic stroma, the density of the cells of which gradually decreases from the surface to the muscle layer, in the basal layer, the stroma is almost entirely replaced by connective tissue. Behind the follicular cyst of the ovary, traces of mucus have been found in the lumen of the fallopian tube.

MODEL OF INTRODUCTION OF AN INCLUSIVE EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT IN THE INSTITUTION OF GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION

The article considers the tasks of an inclusive educational environment and the peculiarities of its introduction in general secondary education institutions of the city of Sumy and Sumy region to ensure the right of every child for education. An inclusive educational environment is defined as a special environment that provides conditions for education and training, comprehensive development of students with special educational needs and different levels of health.
 Creating an inclusive environment is aimed at a harmonious combination of psychological and pedagogical conditions, technical means and resources of the educational institution to organize the educational process for people with special educational needs.
 The organization of an inclusive educational environment in general secondary education institutions will promote the emergence of experimental institutions of inclusive education; advanced training of pedagogical workers in the organization of inclusive education of students with special needs; increasing society's understanding and tolerance of people with special needs.
 The article is devoted to the search for an effective model of inclusive education environment to create an effective management system, a clear legal framework and build a specific concept for the comprehensive development of inclusive education at all levels. The implementation of the outlined way of organizing an inclusive educational environment requires dynamic monitoring of the quality of inclusive education, creation of optimal conditions for professional development, special education and increasing the level of motivation of teachers.
 When talking about the organization of the educational environment, it is wrong to start thinking about furniture and equipment. However, in addition to the physical environment, it is necessary to take into account the equally important social environment, which includes quality interaction between administration and parents, administration and teachers, teachers and parents of children with special educational needs, teachers and children, communication between children.
 The article notes that only if an inclusive educational space is created, adherence to the principle of continuity between preschool education, primary school, secondary education, understanding the specifics of the child's educational needs, professional development of teachers, providing psychological and pedagogical support to children, providing educational, psychological pedagogical and correctional and developmental services, providing students with special means of correction of psychophysical development, dynamic and sustainable introduction of an inclusive educational environment in a general secondary education institution is possible.
 We came to the conclusion that in general the model is an imaginary or material object, which in the process of research replaces the original object, preserving the typical elements of this study. It was determined that to ensure pedagogical "modeling" there is a need to apply a systems approach, which is based on the study of the object as a holistic system consisting of interdependent components that determine the causal relationship.

Морфобіологічна характеристика щуки звичайної (Esox lucius L.) малих водойм комплексного призначення Сумської та Київської областей

The purpose of the work was to conduct a morphobiological analysis of common pike (Esox lucius L.) from two reservoirs similar in their parameters and conditions, and to determine the difference between the populations of these species due to various anthropogenic factors. The pike from the Sumy region has a more slender body, as it is indicated by displaced dorsal (5.76) and anal fins (9.19), a larger body width (2.47) and an enlarged tail stem (9.62), a more elongated head with a snout and upper jaw (6.10, 11.37, 4.9, respectively). Such signs may indicate that the pike hunts for prey that has the maximum size ac-cording to a specimen. The indicators of the pike from the Kyiv region are somewhat different and indicate that the predator makes very rapid and fairly long-distance attacks on prey, despite obstacles such as macrophytes and other aquatic vegetation, which can be evidenced by a larger width of the forehead (13.32), head height (4.16) and head height at the nape of the neck (3.56). Also, big eyes (4.91) and an enlarged lower jaw (9.89) can indicate speed and big jerks. Based on biological indicators, we can conclude that the pike from Sumy region is more fattened, which is confirmed by measurements and coefficients of its fatness. Therefore, it is fleshier, which, first of all, affects the quality of the fish as a commodity. As for the pike from the Kyiv re-gion, it is somewhat smaller with lower fatness coefficients, which may indicate greater expenditure of energy for obtaining food. This costliness, in our opinion, is related to competition from two more predatory fish species — perch and zander, which are common in the reservoir, and possibly to the size of the reservoir itself, which is four times larger. We consider it expedient to diversify the ichthyofauna of the reservoir in the Paryshkiv village, in particular peaceful species of fish, in order to remove or reduce the trophic competition of predators.

Structure of the incidence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Sumy region

Objective — to clarify the peculiarities of the course of extrapulmonary tuberculosis to improve its diagnosis by studying the trend of this form of tuberculosis in Sumy region.
 Materials and methods. The structure of the incidence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis of the Sumy region among residents during 2004—2020 was analyzed.
 Results and discussion. During the period from 2004 to 2020, 1414 new cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis were registered in the region. The largest number of patients with this form of tuberculosis — 142 (24.3 %) was registered in 2004. The lowest — in 2020 — 33 (9.8 %) patients, ie decreased by 2.5 times. In the study period in Sumy in 2020, 3.1 patients per 100,000 population were diagnosed with extrapulmonary tuberculosis, which is almost 3 times less than in 2004 (11.3 patients per 100,000 population). 68 % of cases were registered in children. Among children with extrapulmonary tuberculosis, the incidence ranged from 13 cases per 100,000 children in 2004 to 0.7 per 100,000 in 2020. At the same time, the decrease in the incidence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis occurred with a sharp decrease to 0.7 per 100,000 in 2013—2014 and increase to 4.8 per 2015 and 7.0 per 100,000 children in 2016. And in 2020 again a sharp drop to 0.7 per 100,000 children. Compared to 2019, when the incidence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis was 6.3 per 100,000 children, this figure decreased by 9 times. The reduction in the number of BCG vaccinations in the region during the study period more than 2 times (in 2004 — 14,564 vaccinations, and in 2019 — 6,154) has an impact on changing the incidence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis among children.
 Conclusions. The number of patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis decreased 3.6 times during 2004—2020: from 11.3 to 3.1 patients per 100,000 population. Extrapulmonary forms of tuberculosis predominated in children (68 %). The incidence of such forms of tuberculosis at the age of 0—14 years during 2004—2020 decreased from 13 to 0.7 cases per 100,000.Extrapulmonary tuberculosis of the respiratory organs accounted for 57.4 %, tuberculosis of the bones and joints — 21.6 %, tuberculosis of the genitourinary system — 15.1 %.The incidence of osteoarticular tuberculosis in children (30.6 %) exceeded the corresponding figure in adults (21.1 %) and was 2.6 higher than the corresponding figure in Ukraine (11.7 %). Detection of peripheral lymph node tuberculosis in children of Sumy region (0.7 %) was significantly lower than in Ukraine (7.3 %).In adolescents, extrapulmonary respiratory tuberculosis significantly prevailed between all localiza­tions — 82.2 %. The incidence of tuberculosis of bones and joints was 4.4 %, which is 4.8 times less than in adults and 7 times less than in children. The last indicator in Sumy region was 2 times less than the corresponding indicator in Ukraine (9.0 %).

Influence of combat actions on the content of gross forms of heavy metals in the soils of Sumy and Okhtyrka districts of Sumy region

The article highlights the ecological danger of military operations on the territory of Ukraine. The results of experimental studies of the content of gross forms of heavy metals in ten soil samples taken from agricultural lands of Sumy and Okhtyrka districts of Sumy region are presented. Three samples were taken from the places where air bombs had fallen, seven from the places of broken military equipment. As a result of the conducted research, it was established that the background level in terms of lead content was exceeded in all soil samples, the average content of the element in the polluted territories was 5.4 times higher than the background value. Exceeding the background level in terms of zinc content was noted in nine out of ten soil samples, the average content of the element in the polluted areas was 3.9 times higher than the background value. The average content of cadmium in the polluted territories was 1.4 times higher than the background value (the excess was noted in eight soil samples). Exceeding the background value of the gross copper content was found in eight soil samples, on average, according to the experiment, the copper content is 4.6 times higher than the background value. Exceeding the background value for the content of nickel and iron was noted only in three soil samples, and the average content of the elements exceeded the background value by 1.2 and 1.1 times. The average manganese content in the polluted areas was 4.8 times higher than the background value (the excess was noted in six soil samples). Based on the results of the research, it was established that the gross content of lead (in six soil samples), zinc and manganese (in two soil samples), and copper (in five soil samples) from the sites of hostilities exceeded the permissible limits. The content of gross forms of cadmium and nickel did not exceed the MPC. A significantly higher coefficient of variation of the content of gross forms of heavy metals in the combat zone, compared to the content outside the combat zone (background value), may indicate the intensity of the influence of a negative factor on the soil cover. The highest degree of disturbance of the ground cover as a result of hostilities was noted in the places of burned equipment (the villages of Kosivshchyna, Stare Selo, Nyzy, Sumy district, Sumy region). According to the results of the correlation analysis, an extremely strong dependence was established between the content of the studied forms of heavy metals.

Багаторічна динаміка стійкості до професійного вигорання у педагогічних працівників закладів освіти різного типу

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the level of professional burnout among teachers of educational institutions of various types in the long-term dynamics, taking into account the forms of work organization. Materials and methods: During 2008 - 2021 the level of occupational burnout was monitored in 852 pedagogical workers of the Sumy region. The study was carried out according to the method of V. V. Boyko «Diagnostics of the level of occupational burnout». The study included three stages. In 2008, 420 teachers of secondary education institutions were surveyed. In 2020, 342 teachers of preschool and primary schools were examined. In 2021, 85 teachers of secondary education institutions were examined. In 2021, the organization of the educational process was taken into account. It included an online format in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, taking into account a history of coronavirus disease. Results: During the entire observation period, a low level of occupational burnout prevailed among teaching staff. Over the years, there has been a steady trend in the spread of the average level of occupational burnout, which has a negative sign of a protracted course with regular symptoms. The dependence of the development of the general syndrome of occupational burnout on age was established (r=-0,87, p<0,01). In 2008, occupational burnout was formed at the expense of teachers aged 31-40 years old. In recent years of observation, all levels of occupational burnout were formed at the expense of teachers aged 51 years old and more. Thus, the teachers retained the features of the psycho-emotional state with manifestations of occupational burnout after twelve years of observation and formed groups with high occupational burnout at the time of the re-examination. As of February 2021, 63,53% of teaching staff in the observation group had a history of coronavirus disease. Regardless of this, there was a general tendency among pedagogical workers for the advantage of low and medium levels of occupational burnout over high. A high level of professional burnout among teachers who underwent COVID-19 (9,26±0,95 %) was recorded in 3,64%, which is less than the same group of teachers (with a high level of professional burnout) without a history of COVID-19 (12,90±1,34 %, t=2,21, p<0,05). It has been established that the development of professional burnout is not associated with the psycho-emotional state of the coronavirus disease, since the main factors in the formation of professional burnout are the organizational factors of the labor process. Conclusions: During 2008-2021, teachers experienced an increase in the rate of development of occupational burnout. The dependence of occupational burnout on age has been established.

Coleopterous predators of pine bark beetles in the last years of the outbreak recorded in Ukraine

Abstract The purpose of this study was to identify the species composition of coleopterous predators and their occurrence in different parts of the stem depending on the health condition of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in the collapsing foci of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). The research was carried out in 2019–2021 at 38 sample plots located in five State Forestry Enterprises of Sumy region (Ukraine). All sample plots are located in pure Scots pine stands in relatively poor forest site conditions. The relative density of stocking is 0.6–0.7, and the age of stands is between 60 and 110 years. The health condition for each tree was evaluated on visual characteristics by the classes: first – healthy; second – weakened; third – severely weakened; fourth – drying up; fifth – recently died and sixth – died over a year ago. Bark beetles’ nuptial chambers and predators were counted on 25 × 25 cm pallets, which were located at the lower, middle and upper parts of the stem with thin, thick and transitional bark, respectively. The significance of differences in the performance of predator species depending on the tree part, health condition and year was analysed using the nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis (K–W) test. The species composition of predators in different years, stem parts and tree health condition was compared using the Sorensen–Chekanovsky index. In the collapsing foci of bark beetles, the health condition of Scots pine in 2019–2021 tended to worsen. The infestation density of Ips acuminatus (Gyllenhal, 1827) and Ips sexdentatus (Boerner, 1767) was 0.62 ± 0.032 and 0.64 ± 0.017 nuptial chambers per 1 dm2, respectively, and also decreased in 2019–2021. In the galleries of bark beetles, seven species of coleopterous predators were collected: Aulonium ruficorne (Olivier, 1790) (Zopheridae), Platysoma elongatum (Leach, 1817) (Histeridae), Rhizophagus depressus (Fabricius, 1792) (Monotomidae), Corticeus pini (Panzer, 1799) (Tenebrionidae), Thanasimus formicarius (Linnaeus, 1758), Thanasimus femoralis (Zetterstedt, 1828) (Cleridae) and Salpingus ruficollis (Linnaeus, 1761) (Salpingidae). Two more species – Glischrochilus quadripunctatus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Nitidulidae) and Pytho depressus (Linnaeus, 1767) (Pythidae) – were singly collected in the foci. T. formicarius and P. elongatum were the most abundant. The ratio of predator–prey significantly increased from the upper to the lower part of the stem with thick bark. It, however, decreased in this stem part from the fourth to the sixth class of the health condition of the host tree.

Ecological and coenotic features of the Syrovatka river basin in the Emerald network of the Sumy region, Ukraine

Abstract A number of studies were undertaken in the territory of the “Syrovatka river basin of the Emerald Network of Ukraine (UA0000428 Syrovatka river basin). Based on the data gathered from field work surveys of the area, the characteristics of the habitats (C1.222, C1.224, C1.32, C1.33, C2.33+, С2.34, C3.4, C3.51, D5.2, E1.2, E2.2, E3.4, E5.4, F3.247, F9.1+G1.11, G1.21+G1.41, G1.A1, G1.7, G1.8, G1.A4) are presented according to the area covered and their ecological features. Phytosociological characteristics of habitats were given. As a result of the analysis of the distribution of certain species of sozophytes, a brief description of the status of the identified populations was presented. Populations of vascular plant species protected in Europe (Ostericum palustre, Iris hungarica), Ukraine (Epipactis helleborine, Lilium martagon, Platanthera bifolia), and at the regional level (Carpinus betulus, Campanula persicifolia, Calla palustris, Dryopteris cristata, Inula helenium, Utricularia vulgaris) have been studied in detail. The main threats to the existence of the natural complex of this area, which may appear in the situation of increasing economic impact are drainage and ploughing of floodplains, terracing, and afforestation of meadow-steppe slopes of the ravine. The typological characteristics of artificial and natural forest plantations of the territory were described based on the generalization of details gathered from information on their local management.

CONTRIBUTION OF O. V. SUHOBOKOV TO THE RESEARCH OF THE HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE OF THE NORTH EAST OF THE LEFT BANK UKRAINE

This article is dedicated to O. V. Sukhobokov, Ukrainian archaeologist, researcher of Slavic and Rus’ history, Doctor of Historical Sciences. His scientific interests were focused on the Early Slavic and Old Rus’ archaeology of the left bank of the Dnipro forest-steppe area, and the history of the Eastern Slavic tribe of Siverians.
 The research conducted by O. V. Sukhobokov at the head of the Left Bank Slavic-Rus’ Expedition of the Institute of Archaeology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine became an important stage in the historical and archaeological study of the northeastern region of the Dnipro area, in particular the territory of the modern Sumy oblast. The expedition explored such significant sites as Kurgan-Azak, Bytytsia, Volyntseve, Monastyryshche, Kamiane, Nytsakha, Lukhtivka, Igorivka, and Zelenyi Gai. As a result, scientists confirmed the founding date of the cities from the Kievan Rus’ Chronicles such as Lubny, Putyvl, and Romny.
 After multiple years of research on the Left Bank the original concept of the historical process in the Dnipro—Don interfluve was developed by O. V. Sukhobokov. Scientists have brought together an immense amount of materials from field research and reconstructed the ethnic processes and development of the Slavic population of the left bank Dnipro at the second half of the 1st and the beginning of the 2nd millennium AD.
 The achievements of the Left Bank Slavic-Rus’ expedition became the basis for further research, scientific debates, and were discussed at conferences and seminars. They are presented in numerous articles, and five monographs. Three monographs are dedicated to the sites of the Sumy region: «Putyvl and its region in the Kievan Rus’ time (on the archeological materials)» (1990), «“Unknown Land”: the population of the Middle Psel basin in the 10th—13th centuries AD (on the materials of the Romny-Kievan Rus’ sites in the Kamennoe settlement)» (2012), «Ancient Putyvl» (2019) in co-authorship with S. P. Yurenko. V. Sukhobokov made a lot of efforts to preserve the historical and cultural heritage of Ukraine, popularize archaeological sites, and arrange archaeological sections of the Collection of Historical and Cultural Sites of Ukraine in the Sumy and Poltava oblast (as a scientific consultant).
 While working on the territory of Sumy oblast, the scientist established close cooperation with the Sumy Museum of Local Lore, as well as regional museums. The fund collections of the Putyvl, Romny, and Sumy museums have significantly grown and are represented in their exhibitions. For many years, O. V. Sukhobokov was a member of the editorial board of the journal Sumska Starovyna.
 The scientific and creative heritage of O. V. Sukhobokov is currently used by historians, archaeologists, as well as museologists, university professors, and school teachers in their professional studies.

RESEARCH OF THE QUALITATIVE COMPOSITION OF MILK OF COWS OF SIMMENTAL BREED

Modern dairy breeds of cattle have high milk yields. This is especially true of breeds created using Holstein breed [14]. At the same time, scientists have repeatedly stated that the use of Holstein breeders deteriorates the quality characteristics of milk productivity. Therefore, the influence of conditional blood by Holstein breed significantly affects productivity. However, researchers emphasize that the breed as a genetic factor has a significant impact on milk productivity. This explains the influence of the biochemical composition of milk on the profitability of the dairy industry.
 Dairy breeds that have been created in Ukraine over the past twenty years are characterized by a sufficient level of milk yield and quality indicators. The level of milk yield of animals is more than 7.0 thousand kg of milk with fat and protein content in milk above 3.8% and 3.2%, respectively. Some breeds, which are created on the basis of domestic combined breeds are characterized by a sufficient level of milk components. Their fat content in milk is more than 4.0%, and protein – more than 3.4%. During lactation, the content of milk components changes.
 The aim of our work was to investigate some indicators of the biochemical composition of milk of Simmental cows.
 Materials and methods. The research was conducted on Simmental cows kept in the Mykhailivka PZ of the Lebedyn District of the Sumy Region (n = 46) and the Urozhay SFG of the Romensky District of the Sumy Region (n = 30).
 For sampling of milk used counter – indicator IU-1. The milk sample was stored in a plastic container (25 ml) during the day at a temperature of +3C0, using the preservative chrompic. The content of fat and protein in milk was determined in the laboratory of Sumy National Agrarian University on the equipment Ultrasonic milk analyzer Master Classic manufacturer Milkotester Ltd (Bulgaria).
 The results of the research were processed by the methods of mathematical statistics using the "Statistica-6.1" package in the Windows environment on a PC.
 The animals fully meet the requirements of the breed standard for both the first (standard 2700 kg) and the third lactation (3500 kg).
 In terms of milk yield, Simmental cows met the requirements of the breed standard for both the first and second lactations.
 Biochemical analysis of milk was carried out to determine the level of such indicators as fat, protein, lactose, dry matter and dry nonfat milk residue. According to all the studied features, the first-born were inferior to adult animals. A statistically significant difference was found between the fat and protein content of milk in favor of adult animals. As a result, it can be argued that there is a significant difference in the amount of dry matter and dry skim milk residue between animals of different ages. Adult animals met the breed standard in terms of both fat and protein content, the first-born animals were slightly lower than the standard in terms of protein content.
 There are relationships of different directions and magnitudes between the contents of individual components. Statistically significant correlation coefficients were found between the content of: fat and protein; fat and dry matter; protein and dry matter; protein and skimmed milk powder.
 Conclusions. As a result of research, it was found that both first-born and adult Simmental cows are characterized by a sufficient level of milk productivity with high quality milk. In all respects, they met the requirements regulated by the breed standard, with the exception of the first in terms of protein content. There is a significant positive correlation between individual indicators (0.75 ± 0.03–0.96 ± 0.01).

Development of methods for prevention of cryptosporidiosis of calves

Cryptosporidiosis of calves, caused by the parasite Cryptosporidium parvum, is a dangerous disease for calves for up to one month. Sick animals suffer from debilitating diarrhea, intoxication, and dehydration, which can lead to death. Currently, effective preventive and curative measures have not been developed. Therefore, new strategies for preventing cryptosporidiosis in cattle are being sought. The study was conducted on the farm for raising young cattle in Holstein LTD agricultural firm “Lan” Sumy region in February 2021. The circulating microflora in the calf and the clinical condition of the animals were determined. The first experimental group of calves used the antimicrobial agent Trimeratinvet powder (water-soluble powder for oral administration). In the second experimental group, calves were fed the acidifier Kronocid L. As a control, healthy calves were used, which received a regular diet. Conducted a study of fecal masses of calves from birth to one month. The presence of Cryptosporidium spp. in fecal masses of calves was determined microscopically and by nested polymerase chain reaction. The count of microorganisms was performed after cultivation on elective media and determined the number of colony-forming units in CFU/cm3. The EXPERTISTM Rainbow diagnostic kit was used to diagnose Rotavirus and Coronavirus. Studies have shown that Cryptosporidium in calves under one month of age is the most common cause of diarrhea (42 %). Acidifier Kronocid L and Trimeratinvet inhibited the reproduction of cryptosporidia by stopping sporulation. Acidifier at a pH of 4.5 penetrated the oocyst's shell, causing cytoplasm compression. At 60 minutes of exposure, Kronocid L reduced the possibility of sporulation and destroyed 90 % of treated oocysts, which is 20 % more than the antimicrobial agent Trimeratinvet. In the experimental group using Trimeratinvet, the onset of chewing occurred later than eight days compared to the control group and with Kronocid L. Calves of the experimental groups had an average weight gain during the month with Trimeratinvet less by 20.8 % (P ≤ 0.05), with Kronocid L – by 14.3 % compared to healthy. Prospects for further research are to determine the effect of Cronocid L and other species of Cryptosporidium in adult cattle.

EARLY MEDIEVAL HOARD FROM SUMY REGION: NEW ARRIVALS AND RESEARCH PROSPECTS

This paper contains the information about new finds of hoards of the early Middle Ages (Martynivka circle), which were discovered recently in the Sumy region. Until recently, only two similar assemblages were known in this area — Nyzhnya Syrovatka (fig. 1) and Velyki Budky (fig. 2).
 However, recently their number has increased significantly. Some of them got to the museum institutions of Sumy region (fig. 10).
 In 2011, the Shevchenkove hoard was transferred to the Putivl State Historical and Cultural Reserve. The assemblages contained the decoration of women’s and men’s clothing and a number of household and handicraft items.
 In recent years, Mykilske (fig. 3: A), Myropillya (fig. 4) and Pozhnya (fig. 5), Mohrytsya (fig. 6) and Kamyanka hoards have been transferred to the Sumy Regional Museum of Local Lore. Parts of finds from the Rusanivka (fig. 7) and Mala Rybytsya assemblages were transferred to this museum also.
 Some of the finds from the First Parkhomivka and Dobryanske — Sydorova Yaruha hoards, and almost the entire Second Parkhomivka hoard, have been transferred to the Trostyanetsky Museum and Exhibition assemblage.
 Preliminary archaeological research has been carried out at the site of some of the assemblages. As a result of these works, it was possible to find out quite accurately the location of the Mykilske (fig. 3: B; 8: A; 9: 1), Pozhnya and Parkhomivka hoards. Similar finds have been recorded in the prospect trench. The exact location of the Mogritsky assemblage has not yet been determined. Although archaeological research has been in the microregion (fig. 8: B—G; 9: 2, 3).
 All newly discovered assemblages described above belong to the hoards of Martynivka circle. Jewelry from their composition dates from the second half of 6th — the end of 7th century. And «concealment» occurs in the middle — third quarter of 7th century. The appearance of treasures is connected with the military-political tribal association of Slavs in the Middle Dnieper and the Dnieper Left Bank. The archaeological equivalent of this formation could be parts of the carriers of the Penkivka and Kolochyn cultures.
 Further research of the hoards is planned in the following areas: 1) survey of the sites and the surrounding area to more accurately determine the ethnocultural situation; 2) analysis of jewelry from the composition of assemblages; 3) attempt to reconstruct the outfit; 4) conducting research on the elemental composition of things with the involvement of modern nuclear-physical research methods; 5) compiling a catalog of early Slavic monuments in the Sumy region and writing a general ethnocultural history of the region. Work in these areas has only just begun.

Impact of Locavorism on the Gastronomic Tourism Development in Sumy Region

The purpose of the study is to determine the impact of locavorism on the development of gastronomic tourism the Sumy region. The research methodology is based on the collection of factual data, the synthesis and analysis of information material, and the study of scientific and practical developments of domestic and foreign experts in the field of gastronomic tourism. Locavorism as a model of food consumption, features of this concept, reasons and history of its occurrence are analyzed. The main signs of locavorism and the connection with gastronomic tourism have been studied. Examples of reflecting the principles of locavorism in the Sumy region through authentic dishes and gastronomic festivals are presented. Five basic principles of locavorism are identified: consumption of only local food (grown and produced in the region of human habitation), seasonality (characterized by consumption of fruits and vegetables according to the season, refusal of imported food), environmental friendliness (due to reduced globalization and logistics costs load on the environment), naturalness (rejection of products grown by genetic engineering technologies), support for local producers (use of products made by local producers). The analysis showed that locavorism has many positive features. These are, in particular, the revival and popularization of traditional regional cuisine, the development of local producers of agricultural products and producers of organic products, the creation of local craft enterprises, the reduction of imports, the positive impact on ecology, and the improvement of the population health, which in the long run will contribute to the health of the nation. It has been established that the development of locavorism will make it possible to establish a direct connection between urban consumers and rural producers, which will enable craft producers to sell their products at decent prices and will contribute to the development of rural areas, and increase the rural population employment.

Сільськогосподарські практики в малих містах Північно-Східної України

The article is dedicated to a poorly studied topic in ethnology: agricultural practices in small towns. For a number of reasons attention is paid to settlements of northeastern Ukraine, namely Chernihiv and Sumy regions. The phenomenon of household activities of people residing in urban areas in their ordinary everyday lives as well as in the realities of war is described in a new way, basing on historiography, various sources, and especially on field heuristics. The study of the research subject and the fulfilling of the objectives are carried out in the chronological framework of today, but the work also contains many retrospectives and historical parallels. The research has shown that agricultural practices typical for small towns residents – agriculture and animal husbandry – are historically acquired experiences. It has been proved on the example of one town that architectural and spatial landscape with its distinctive buildings and household objects is the typical feature of human activity. At the same time, a careful analysis of individual agricultural practices and animal husbandry managed by citizens allowed us to understand a number of issues which have not been considered before. In particular, the dominant industries in urban households were identified. It is determined that current agricultural practices are used not only for subsistence but also for commercial purposes, with special attention being paid to urban agriculture. The forms of its existence in recent decades are described. In addition, the models of individual agriculture and animal husbandry are characterized. As a result of studying various aspects of townspeople farming in wartime, the new facts have been revealed and introduced for the first time. The author has come to rather interesting conclusions, which project the way to further urban studies.