Summary Of Project Research Articles

Panorama 2019-1: Improving the coordination of research into bovine tuberculosis: the STAR–IDAZ IRC

The STAR–IDAZ IRC, a network of research funders who want to maximise funding for coordinated animal health research, asked an international group of experts to draft bovine tuberculosis research roadmaps, to coordinate and guide future research. Research roadmaps and project summaries are being developed for vaccines, diagnostics, and epidemiology and control.

HOW TO WRITE A RESEARCH ABSTRACT

An abstract is like a movie trailer. People will only consider reading the rest of the manuscript if they find your abstract interesting. It is an outline/brief summary of your paper and your whole project.
 Keywords: Abstract, research, descriptive and informative research.

An Overview of Maritime Archaeological Research of the Colonial Period in the French Antilles

This article provides a summary of the various maritime archaeology projects undertaken in the French Antilles (Guadeloupe and Martinique) since the 1980s that date to the 17th–19th century Colonial period. These projects are presented in the context of the principal maritime archaeological research questions. The results are analysed thematically touching on different aspects of archaeological research in littoral and underwater zones: coastal plantations, ports, and micro‐islets. Research carried out on wreck‐sites is presented with respect to their maritime use (commercial, naval, and cabotage). The nature and distribution of such sites provides information both on maritime routes and traffic, trade, conflicts, and environmental risks specific to the Antilles in the Colonial period.

Перші підсумки Міжнародного проєкту: досвід і здобутки

Перші підсумки Міжнародного проєкту: досвід і здобутки

Head and neck skin cancers and where to find them − A quality improvement project

Abstract: This article is a summary of a three-stage quality improvement project aimed to raise awareness and provide basic knowledge for the early identification and appropriate referral of suspicious skin lesions. The results of this project may indicate that not enough attention is given to these lesions in undergraduate teaching, thus indicating the requirement for change. This article aims to raise awareness of the increasing prevalence of skin cancers whilst providing information of the basic signs, symptoms and clinical features for clinicians to look out for during their examination and consultation. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Dental surgeons are in a prime position to aid in the identification and referral of suspicious skin lesions due to exposure to the head and neck area on a regular basis.

Researching the Appropriateness of Care in the Complementary and Integrative Health Professions: Part I

ObjectivesThe purpose of this article is to report on the Center of Excellence for Research on Complementary and Alternative Medicine at RAND Corporation. The overall project examined the appropriateness of chiropractic spinal manipulation and mobilization for chronic low back pain and chronic cervical pain using the RAND and University of California Los Angeles Appropriateness Method, including patient preferences and costs, to acknowledge the importance of patient-centered care in clinical decision-making. MethodsThis article is a narrative summary of the overall project and its inter-related components (ie, 4 Research Project Grants and 2 centers), including the Data Collection Core, whose activities and learning will be the subject of a following series of methods articles. ResultsThe project team faced many challenges in accomplishing data collection goals. The processes we developed to overcome barriers may be of use to other researchers and for practitioners who may want to participate in such studies in complementary and integrative health, which previously was known as complementary and alternative medicine. ConclusionFor this large, complex, successful project, we gathered online survey data, collected charts, and abstracted chart data from thousands of chiropractic patients. The present article delineates the challenges and lessons that were learned during this project so that others may gain from the authors’ experience. This information may be of use to future research that collects data from independent practitioners and their patients because it provides what is needed to be successful in such studies and may encourage participation.

On the Path to Commercial CCS: Scaling from Field Demonstration to Regional Hub

Commercial-scale industrial Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS) has long been an objective to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and increase storage and production potential. As a technology, it is deemed critical for achieving CO2 reductions that can lead to Paris Agreement targets for below 2°C global average temperature increases. Many models to mitigate atmospheric CO2 emissions call for CCUS from bioenergy, also known as BECCS, as a significant contributor to help achieve these climate goals. Facilitating the development of commercial-scale projects from industrial sources of CO2 has been a strategic process across multiple phases leading ultimately to a succession of projects of increasing scale in the Central United States. Four major CCS projects in the Illinois Basin region, USA exemplify the strategic pathway defined more than a decade ago by the U.S. Department of Energy – National Technology Laboratory (US DOE). Starting in 2003, the Midwest Geological Sequestration Consortium (MGSC), one of the US DOE Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships, has been working to define regional CCUS potential, conducting small enhanced oil and enhanced coalbed methane projects, and conducting a large-scale deep saline CCS storage project. As a direct outcome of the Illinois Basin – Decatur Project (IBDP), a one million tonne storage demonstration, the Illinois Industrial Sources CCS Project (ICCS) has expanded infrastructure and injection potential to industrial commercial-scale. Advancing CCS even further, the CarbonSAFE Macon County and Wabash feasibility projects seek to conduct physical and social site characterization leading to the development of storage complexes with the potential to receive and store over 50 million tonnes of CO2 from single or multiple sources. These projects combined provide an excellent example of how leveraging research, public-private partnerships, resources, relationships, and experience move CCUS forward regionally resulting in infrastructure to support storage and utilization hubs. This paper provides a brief summary of CCUS projects the Illinois Basin region of the US Midwest, and discusses of areas of overlap between projects, as well as the ways in which resources and collaborations have benefitted and challenged the individual projects. Broader lessons are provided to facilitate scale-up with CCS and CCUS deployment throughout the region.

Financing a PPP Project: Sources and Financial Instruments—Case Study from China

The Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model is often referred to as a new effective way in funding issue solving for infrastructure development and management. A PPP model project involves numerous of stakeholders and the most typical and basic PPP model comprised of three actors: Government, the private sector and financial institutions. Based on the features of PPPs, the differences between PPP model and traditional financing methods are clearly demonstrated through the financing period; investment and financing subject; property ownership; financing credit basis; financing purposes; source of repayment; guarantee; and degree of financing risk.
 
 On the other hand, the selection of a suitable structure from the financial source is based on the choice of the best combination of equity and debt. In terms of project financing structure, it can be divided into three main sections: equity contributions, debt contributions and mezzanine/Subordinated contributions. Moreover, according to the characteristics of different PPPs, the financial structure of the project will be determined to optimize the financial benefits of the project. Furthermore, for each stage of the project, financial instruments will be used appropriately.
 
 This paper will deliver a summary and review of PPP projects, as well as the stakeholders involved in implementing a project under a basic PPP model. In addition, this paper will discuss the financial structure of a project, and the PPP project financial instruments that commonly used will also be clearly analyzed. Based on the in-depth knowledge of the PPP model, the paper will depend on the development situation of the PPP model in some countries, especially China, to provide visual examples of each financial instrument.

Impact of pre-eclampsia on the cardiovascular health of the offspring: a cohort study protocol

IntroductionPre-eclampsia is a common disorder associated with serious maternal and fetal complications. It is associated with abnormal placentation, which significantly reduces flow, resulting in a relative hypoxic state. These pathophysiological...

Kant's Philosophy of Communication

Kant's Philosophy of Communication

A study on improving the quality inspection on national information by using levenshtein distance algorithm

Background/Objectives: In Korea, much effort and budget were spent to improve national R&D information management. However yet, project summaries of national R&D are not accurate enough to be utilized.Methods/Statistical analysis: To examine the accuracy of project summaries, Levenshtein Distance Algorithm (LDA) was applied. LDA is expected to extract improper project summaries of which some parts of sentences are repeatedly used. To evaluate how the algorithm performs with national R&D information in Korea, project summaries of 53,492 national R&D projects that were conducted in 2014 were used.Findings: Unlike other algorithms, LDA was able to detect project summaries consisted of repeatedly used phrases. According to the test with LDA, from 53,492 cases, 3,445 projects had inaccurate contents in project summaries. In details, 2,707 projects had improper research objective, while 712 projects and 26 projects had improper contents in research summary and expected impact, respectively. Although the algorithm allowed extracting repeatedly used phrases, it had problems of time; thus, it was only applied offline. Also, a research had to confirm once more to verify the accuracy of the result.Improvements/Applications: This paper applied LDA to detect inappropriate project summaries. The result implies that by applying LDA, the quality of the information can be improved to facilitate the utilization.

An enhanced framework for assessing the operational performance of public-private partnership school projects

PurposeA study of the current practices for evaluating the ex-post performance of public-private partnership (PPP) school projects in Australia via literature review and qualitative case studies has found that no consistent approach exists for evaluating operational performance. A detailed critique of international PPP audits and practices has identified existing gaps in ex-post performance evaluation. Through a process of comparative analysis and industry confirmation, a performance analysis technique aligned with international practice has been developed that can be utilised by the educational departments across Australia to evaluate the ex-post performance of PPP projects (PPPs). The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approachThis paper opted for qualitative archival analysis of case studies using pattern matching, explanation building, time series, and comparative analysis. The data used for document analysis included value reports, project summaries, and contract documents, as well as local and international audit guidelines.FindingsThis paper reviewed current practices, identified a range of processes, and reported the best practices. However, consideration of the approaches taken in the UK and Australia for evaluating operational performance indicates that current techniques lack consistency.Research limitations/implicationsThe developed ex-post performance measurement framework is limited to Australian PPP school projects and, at this stage, cannot be generalised to other social PPP projects.Practical implicationsThe paper includes implications for the development of better performance evaluation practices and audits.Social implicationsAn enhanced framework for measuring operational performance will increase the accountability of taxpayers in the content of their utilisation by the government.Originality/valueThis paper presents an enhanced ex-post performance measurement framework for education departments across Australia.

A Summary of NCSER-Funded Projects in the Area of Transition Outcomes for Secondary Students With Disabilities

Special education practitioners are required to use instructional practices based on scientific research. Conducting high-quality research can be expensive and researchers often need federal funding to assist in documenting effective practices. The National Center for Special Education Research (NCSER) within the Institute of Education Sciences (IES) is a preferred source of funding for this type of special education research. The purpose of this review was to summarize publications from grants funded from 2006 until 2013 by NCSER in the area of Transition Outcomes for Special Education Secondary Students, describe major findings, and discuss their contributions to the field. We reviewed information from 22 grants and 132 articles published in refereed journals with an additional one article in press. Contributions to the field, limitations, suggestions for future research, implications for practice, and conclusions are discussed.

CESAM – Code for European severe accident management, EURATOM project on ASTEC improvement

The CESAM FP7 project (Van Dorsselaere et al., 2015) of EURATOM has been conducted from April 2013 until March 2017 in the aftermath of the Fukushima Dai-ichi accidents. Nineteen international partners from Europe and India, including the European Joint Research Centre, have participated under the coordination of GRS and with a strong involvement of IRSN that were both ASTEC code developers.The Project objectives were: to understand all relevant phenomena during the Fukushima Dai-ichi accidents and their importance for Severe Accident Management (SAM) measures; and to improve the ASTEC computer code to simulate plant behaviour throughout accident sequences including SAM measures. The starting point was the analysis of current SAM measures implemented in European nuclear power plants.To achieve these goals, simulations of relevant experiments that allow a solid validation of the ASTEC code against single and separate effect tests have been conducted. Covered validation topics in the CESAM project have been grouped in 9 different areas among which are re-flooding of degraded cores, pool scrubbing, hydrogen combustion, or spent fuel pool behaviour. Furthermore, modelling improvements have been implemented in the current ASTEC V2.1 series for the estimation of source term consequences in the environment and the prediction of plant status in emergency centres. Finally, ASTEC reference input decks have been created for all reactor types operated in Europe today as well as for spent fuel pools. These reference input decks generically describe plant types like PWR, VVER, PHWR, and BWR without defining proprietary data of a special plant and they account for the best recommendations from code developers and users. In addition, a generic input deck for a spent fuel pool was elaborated. These input decks can be used as basis by all (and especially new) ASTEC users in order to understand code basic requirements and model features and to implement the specificities of their own NPP type. Based on these generic inputs, benchmark calculations have been performed with other codes (such as MELCOR, MAAP, ATHLET-CD, COCOSYS…) with a focus on applicability of ASTEC models to currently implemented SAM measures.This article provides a final summary of the CESAM project. Therefore, an overview of the improved modelling capabilities of the recent ASTEC V2.1 version is given followed by the validation status of ASTEC V2.1 as concluded after CESAM. Further, plant applications performed by CESAM partners will be summarized with a special focus on simulation of SAM measures in various NPP types, and insights gained on SAM measures will be derived.

Observing a Social Learning Space: A Summary of an Ethnographic Project in Progress

This paper is a brief summary of an ethnographic research project currently in progress. Although the authors plan to present multiple papers based on the research, this paper has been written with the purpose of documenting progress so far. The main aims are to keep colleagues informed and to ensure that all of the steps are recorded to aid future dissemination of the findings. The authors summarize a project which started in June 2017 and will continue for several years observing student behaviors occurring in one social learning space in the Self-Access Learning Center (SALC) at Kanda University of International Studies (KUIS).

Past and Current Status of Adult Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Management in Korea: A National Health Insurance Service Database Analysis.

Korea's National Healthcare Program, the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS), a government-affiliated agency under the Korean Ministry of Health and Welfare, covers the entire Korean population. The NHIS supervises all medical services in Korea and establishes a systematic National Health Information database (DB). A health information DB system including all of the claims, medications, death information, and health check-ups, both in the general population and in patients with various diseases, is not common worldwide. On June 9, 2014, the NHIS signed a memorandum of understanding with the Korean Diabetes Association (KDA) to provide limited open access to its DB. By October 31, 2017, seven papers had been published through this collaborative research project. These studies were conducted to investigate the past and current status of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications and management in Korea. This review is a brief summary of the collaborative projects between the KDA and the NHIS over the last 3 years. According to the analysis, the national health check-up DB or claim DB were used, and the age category or study period were differentially applied.

L'histoire à travers l'objet: exploration d'une approche participative en histoire sociale

This is a summary of a participatory research project conducted with homeless men around objects from an educational museum collection in social history.Through experimentation with adapted research techniques, this project identified the participants’ historical knowledge, narratives and analyses and improved our collective understanding of these objects. By juxtaposing situations that occurred during the workshops and the theoretical and practical issues encountered, this project illustrates the potential that this type of approach offers to promote the appropriation of history and the democratization of historiographic practice.

A proposal for UNCITRAL to develop a Model Law on Warehouse Receipts

This article fleshes out a proposal made during the fourth International Secured Transactions Colloquium, held in March 2017, for United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) to develop a model legal framework for warehouse receipts. It argues that most developing economies have sufficient warehousing infrastructure and secondary markets but lack a modern warehouse receipts law. To support this argument, it includes a summary of the recent projects funded by various agencies to promote the warehousing of goods and, in particular, agricultural commodities. It describes the recent efforts to create a model framework for warehouse receipts and provides guidance on the establishment of a warehouse receipts system by entities such as the Organization of American States, the World Bank Group, and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Furthermore, the article analyses the work of UNCITRAL in the field of negotiable documents and concludes that such work has not addressed many aspects typically regulated by warehouse receipts laws. The analysis also focuses on the emerging practice of issuing electronic warehouse receipts, their trading through commodity exchanges, and the utilization of emerging technologies, such as blockchain, to dematerialize warehouse receipts. Finally, the article explores the most common modalities of warehousing services, the parties involved in warehouse receipts transactions, the characteristics of warehouse receipts in different jurisdictions, and the benefits of electronic systems, identifying the areas that ought to be covered in a model warehouse receipts framework.

Adapting to hurricanes. A historical perspective on New Orleans from its foundation to Hurricane Katrina, 1718–2005

Recent policy debates on climate change have started highlighting the importance of adaptation of societies to new conditions projected by climate scientists. Previously, mitigation had been almost the sole focus of policy‐makers for fear of creating a moral hazard when concentrating more strongly on adaptation. Yet, with many of the climatic changes the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) projected occurring faster than scientists predicted, adaptation has re‐entered the debate as an imperative. In this context, in which adaptation—a process often unfolding on deep timescales—becomes prescriptive, it is crucial to look at the historical development of adaptive practices over the long term in order to appreciate the complexity of their evolution. This paper is a hybrid between a summary of a research project and a review of the most crucial literature on which it was based. The point of departure of this study was Hurricane Katrina, which, after it had flooded New Orleans on August 29, 2005, raised the question, how such a disaster could have happened in one of the most technologically advanced nations in the world. I then rewind to the foundation of the city in 1718 and work my way along case studies through three centuries of hurricane history in New Orleans. The red thread is the concept of adaptation. I review the definition of adaptation provided by the Fifth Assessment Report of the IPCC from a historian's point of view and suggest a slight change of perspective. Knowledge as a precondition for adaptation, contingency, path‐dependence, political vulnerability, and the interplay of cultural, legal, and political factors emerge as crucial characteristics in the historical evolution of adaptive practices throughout the almost 300‐year period of study. WIREs Clim Change 2018, 9:e488. doi: 10.1002/wcc.488This article is categorized under: Climate, History, Society, Culture > World Historical Perspectives

A Summary of Collaborative Projects Working to Preserve Access to Government Data

Researchers of varied disciplines use federal information and data on a daily basis. Publically funded information and data are important not only to researchers, but to businesses and state and local governments as well. Recent events have resulted in concerns about the continuing accessibility of federal government information has led to several collaborative projects to preserve government data. This article is a summary of some of these projects, the types of data they collect, and how anyone can provide access to the valuable data.