Sumitomo Heavy Industries Research Articles

Administration Accuracy of Automated Infusion Device for PET Using Improved Disposable Kit

The AI-300 automated infusion device (Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) is subject to administration error as a function of smaller volumes of 18F-FDG dispensed via a three-way cock supplied with a disposable kit. The present study aimed to validate the administration accuracy of the AI-300 using an improved disposable kit for quantitative positron emission tomography (PET) assessment. We determined administration accuracy between the improved and previous disposable kits by measuring variations in dispensed volumes and radioactive concentrations of 18F-FDG according to the criteria of the Japanese Society of Nuclear Medicine. A reference value was generated by measuring radioactivity using a standard dose calibrator. The values obtained using the previous kit deviated from the reference values by a maximum of -10.6%, and the deviation depended on dispensed volumes of 18F-FDG<0.25 mL. In contrast, the values were relatively stable when using the improved kit with dispensed 18F-FDG volumes < 0.25 mL. Variations in radioactive concentrations were relatively stable using the improved kit, whereas that of the previous kit was slightly unstable at high radioactive concentrations. The administration accuracy of the AI-300 using the previous kit varied considerably according to smaller dispensed volumes, but the improved kit might alleviate this problem. The present results indicated that the improved disposal kit should be immediately implemented to eliminate uncertainty surrounding quantitative PET findings.

Performance estimation of an oil-free linear compressor unit for a new compact 2K Gifford-McMahon cryocooler

Since 2012, a new, compact Gifford-McMahon (GM) cryocooler for cooling superconducting single photon detectors (SSPD) has been developed and reported by Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. (SHI). Also, it was reported that National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) developed a multi-channel, conduction-cooled SSPD system. However, the size and power consumption reduction becomes indispensable to apply such a system to the optical communication of AdHoc for a mobile system installed in a vehicle. The objective is to reduce the total height of the expander by 33% relative to the existing RDK-101 GM expander and to reduce the total volume of the compressor unit by 50% relative to the existing CNA-11 compressor. In addition, considering the targeted cooling application, we set the design cooling capacity targets of the first and the second stages 1 W at 60 K and 20 mW at 2.3 K respectively. In 2016, Hiratsuka et al. reported that an oil-free compressor was developed for a 2K GM cryocooler. The cooling performance of a 2K GM expander driven by an experimental unit of the linear compressor was measured. No-load temperature less than 2.1 K and the cooling capacity of 20 mW at 2.3 K were successfully achieved with an electric input power of only 1.1 kW. After that, the compressor capsule and the heat exchanger, etc. were assembled into one enclosure as a compressor unit. The total volume of the compressor unit and electrical box was significantly reduced to about 38 L, which was close to the target of 35 L. Also, the sound noise, vibration characteristics, the effect of the compressor unit inclination and the ambient temperature on the cooling performance, were evaluated. The detailed experimental results are discussed in this paper.

Development status of a high cooling capacity single stage pulse tube cryocooler

High temperature superconducting (HTS) applications require high-capacity and high-reliability cooling solutions to keep HTS materials at temperatures of approximately 80 K. In order to meet such requirements, Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd.(SHI) has been developing high cooling capacity GM-type active-buffer pulse tube cryocooler. An experimental unit was designed, built and tested. A cooling capacity of 390.5 W at 80 K, COP 0.042 was achieved with an input power of approximately 9 kW. The cold stage usually reaches a stable temperature of about 25 K within one hour starting at room temperature. Also, a simplified analysis was carried out to better understand the experimental unit. In the analysis, the regenerator, thermal conduction, heat exchanger and radiation losses were calculated. The net cooling capacity was about 80% of the PV work. The experimental results, the analysis method and results are reported in this paper.

Study of the Variation of Material layer Compotition and Thickness Related Neutron Flux and Gamma Radiation

Optimation of simulation design of collimator is corresponding to 30 MeV cyclotron generator. The simulation has used the variation of the thickness materials layers that was applied at treatment room’s door. The purpose of the variation and thickness of the material in this simulation to obtain optimum results for the shielding design in the irradiation chamber. The layers that we used are Pb-Fe and Pb-SS312. Simulation on cancer treatment is used with monte carlo simaulation MCNPX. The spesifications that we used for cyclotron is the spesification of the HM-30 Proton Cyclotron from Sumitomo Heavy Industries Ltd. The variation of the thickness materials layers that was applied at treatment room’s door are Pb remains 4cm while Fe and SS312 varies between 2 cm, 4 cm, 6 cm respectively. This simulation of Fe layer on Pb was give good result in measurement simulation at 4 cm thickness.

Development of Continuous Line Scanning System Prototype for Proton Beam Therapy.

Taking advantage of the continuous, high-intensity beam of the cyclotron at the National Cancer Center Hospital East, we developed a continuous line scanning system (CLSS) prototype for prostate cancer in collaboration with Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd (Tokyo, Japan). The CLSS modulates dose distribution at each beam energy level by varying scanning speed while keeping the beam intensity constant through a beam-intensity control system and a rapid on/off beam-switching system. In addition, we developed a beam alignment system to improve the precision of the beam position. The scanning control system is used to control the scanning pattern and set the value of the nozzle apparatus. It also collects data for monitoring and for cyclotron parameters and transmits information to the scanning power supplies and monitor amplifiers, which serve as the measurement system, and to the nozzle-control and beam-transfer systems. The specifications of the line scanning beam were determined in performance tests. Finally, a patient-specific dosimetric measurement for prostate cancer was also performed. The beam size, position, intensity, and scanning speed of our CLSS were found to be well within clinical requirements. The CLSS produced an accurate 3-dimensional dose distribution for clinical treatment planning. The performance of our new CLSS was confirmed to comply with clinical requirements. We have been employing it in prostate cancer treatments since October 23, 2015.

Development of a valved non-lubricated linear compressor for compact 2K Gifford-McMahon cryocoolers

Recently, a new, compact Gifford-McMahon (GM) cryocooler for cooling superconducting single photon detectors (SSPD) has been developed and reported by Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. (SHI) [1]. It was reported that National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) developed a multi-channel SSPD system in which two or more channels were mounted on a GM cryocooler, and achieved a world-top-class performance [2]. However, the applications of such SSPD system were restricted due to its relatively large size and power consumption compared with a semiconductor system. Owing to the development of an SSPD system with a portable cryocooler system which can be installed in a vehicle, it is possible to apply such system to the optical communication of AdHoc [3], and to flexibly construct a large capacity optical line in a time of disaster. For such system, the size and power consumption reduction becomes indispensable. The objective is to reduce the total height of the expander by 33% relative to the existing RDK-101 GM expander and to reduce the total volume of the compressor unit by 50% relative to the existing CNA-11 compressor. In addition, considering the targeted cooling application, we set the design temperature targets of the first and the second stages to 1 W and 20 mW of heat load at 60 K and 2.3 K, respectively. In 2015, Hiratsuka reported that a new valved non-lubricated compressor was developed for a 2K GM cryocooler [4]. The cooling performance of a 2K GM expander operated by an experimental unit of the linear compressor was measured, and preliminary experiments were conducted. No-load temperature was 2.19 K, with 1 W and 14 mW heat load, the temperature was 48 K at the first stage and 2.3 K at the second stage, with an input power of about 1.2 kW. After that, the compressor efficiency has been improved by reducing losses, and the compressor input power has been reduced by 25%. The detailed experimental results are discussed in this paper.

Performance estimation of an oil-free linear compressor unit for a new compact 2K Gifford-McMahon cryocooler

Since 2012, a new, compact Gifford-McMahon (GM) cryocooler for cooling superconducting single photon detectors (SSPD) has been developed and reported by Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. (SHI). Also, it was reported that National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) developed a multi-channel, conduction-cooled SSPD system. However, the size and power consumption reduction becomes indispensable to apply such a system to the optical communication of AdHoc for a mobile system installed in a vehicle. The objective is to reduce the total height of the expander by 33% relative to the existing RDK-101 GM expander and to reduce the total volume of the compressor unit by 50% relative to the existing CNA-11 compressor. In addition, considering the targeted cooling application, we set the design cooling capacity targets of the first and the second stages 1 W at 60 K and 20 mW at 2.3 K respectively. In 2016, Hiratsuka et al. reported that an oil-free compressor was developed for a 2K GM cryocooler. The cooling performance of a 2K GM expander driven by an experimental unit of the linear compressor was measured. No-load temperature less than 2.1 K and the cooling capacity of 20 mW at 2.3 K were successfully achieved with an electric input power of only 1.1 kW. After that, the compressor capsule and the heat exchanger, etc. were assembled into one enclosure as a compressor unit. The total volume of the compressor unit and electrical box was significantly reduced to about 38 L, which was close to the target of 35 L. Also, the sound noise, vibration characteristics, the effect of the compressor unit inclination and the ambient temperature on the cooling performance, were evaluated. The detailed experimental results are discussed in this paper.

車載用スターリング冷凍機の信頼性評価

For wide spread of high temperature superconducting devices, such as fault current limiter, magnetic heater, generator and motor, Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. and Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. have been developing a super-conducting motor for electric vehicles which are used as city bus. In order to realize the efficiency of HTS motor, a compact, high-efficiency and high-reliability cryocooler is required. For these reasons, SHI developed a high-efficiency Stirling cryocooler. In 2015, a prototype HTS motor system was developed and performance tests were conducted but system reliability was not evaluated. In this paper, we evaluate the life time reliability of a prototype cryocooler and report the impact of gas contamination.

Development of high-efficiency Stirling cryocoolers for high temperature superconducting motors

For wide spread high-temperature superconductor (HTS) devices, a cryocooler having COP of >0.1, with a compact size, light weight, high efficiency and high reliability is required. For practical use of superconductive devices, Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. (SHI) developed a high-efficiency Stirling type pulse tube cryocooler (STPC). The STPC had high reliability and low vibration. However, its efficiency was not enough to meet the demands of an HTS motor. To further improve the efficiency, we reconsidered the expander of cryocooler and developed a Stirling cryocooler (STC). Two prototype units of a compact, high-efficiency split Stirling cryocooler were designed, built and tested. With the second prototype unit, a cooling capacity of 151 W at 70 K and a minimum temperature of 33 K have been achieved with a compressor input power of 2.15 kW. Accordingly, COP of about 0.07 has been achieved. The detailed design of the prototype units and the experimental results will be reported in this paper.

Cool-down acceleration of G-M cryocoolers with thermal oscillations passively damped by helium

4 K Gifford-McMahon cryocoolers suffer from inherent temperature oscillations which can be a problem for certain attached electronic instrumentation. Sumitomo Heavy Industries has exploited the high volumetric specific heat of super-critical He to quell these oscillations (approx. 10 dB) by strongly thermally linking a separate vessel of He to the second stage; no significant thermal resistance is added between the payload and the working gas of the cryocooler. A noticeable effect of the helium damper is to increase the cool-down time of the second stage below 10 K. For the operation of niobium-based superconducting electronics (NbSCE), a common practice is to warm the circuits above the critical temperature (∼9 K) and then cool to the operating point in order to redistribute trapped magnetic fluxons, so for NbSCE users, the time to cool from 10 K is important. The gas in the helium damper is shared between a room-temperature buffer tank and the 2nd stage vessel, which are connected by a capillary tube. We show that the total cool-down time below 10 K can be substantially reduced by introducing a combination of thermal linkages between the cryocooler and the capillary tube and in-line relief valves, which control the He mass distribution between the warm canister and cold vessel. The time to reach operating temperature from the superconducting transition has been reduced to <25% of the time needed without these low-cost modifications.

Development of a linear compressor for compact 2 K Gifford- McMahon cryocoolers

Recently, a new, compact Gifford-McMahon (GM) cryocooler for cooling superconducting single photon detectors (SSPD) has been developed at Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. (SHI) [1, 2]. The objective is to reduce the total height of the expander by 33% relative to the existing RDK-101 GM expander and to reduce the total volume of the compressor unit by 50% relative to the existing CNA-11 compressor. In addition, considering the targeted cooling application, we set the design temperature targets of the first and the second stages to 1 W and 20 mW of heat load at 60 K and 2.3 K, respectively. Although optimization of the internal components is one way to miniaturize the volume of the compressor unit, major design changes are required because the volume of the adsorber and the oil separator is almost the same as the volume of the compressor capsule. Thus, one approach is to develop a non-lubricated compressor, such as a valved linear compressor. An experimental unit of a valved linear compressor was designed and built, and preliminary experiments were conducted. Under no-load condition, a low temperature of 2.19 K has been achieved. With 1 W and 14 mW heat load, the temperature is 48 K at the first stage and 2.3 K at the second stage, with an input power of about 1.2 KW. The detailed experimental results will be discussed in this paper.

The proton therapy nozzles at Samsung Medical Center: A Monte Carlo simulation study using TOPAS

To expedite the commissioning process of the proton therapy system at Samsung Medical Center (SMC), we have developed a Monte Carlo simulation model of the proton therapy nozzles using TOPAS. At SMC proton therapy center, we have two gantry rooms with different types of nozzles; a multi-purpose nozzle and a dedicated scanning nozzle. Each nozzle has been modeled in detail following the geometry information provided by the manufacturer, Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. For this purpose, novel features of TOPAS, such as the time feature or the ridge filter class, have been used. And the appropriate physics models for proton nozzle simulation were defined. Dosimetric properties, like percent depth dose curve, spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP), beam spot size, have been simulated and verified against measured beam data. Beyond the Monte Carlo nozzle modeling, we have developed an interface between TOPAS and the treatment planning system (TPS), RayStation. An exported RT plan data from the TPS has been interpreted by the interface and then translated into the TOPAS input text. The developed Monte Carlo nozzle model can be used to estimate non-beam performance of the nozzles such as the neutron background. Furthermore, the nozzle model can be used to study mechanical optimization in the design of the nozzle.

Performance Testing of the Astro-H Flight Model 3-stage ADR

The Soft X-ray Spectrometer (SXS) is one of four instruments that will be flown on the Japanese Astro-H satellite, planned for launch in late 2015/early 2016. The SXS will perform imaging spectroscopy in the soft x-ray band using a 6x6 array of silicon microcalorimeters operated at 50 mK, cooled by an adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator (ADR). NASA/GSFC is providing the detector array and ADR, and Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Inc. is providing the remainder of the cryogenic system (superfluid helium dewar (<1.3 K), Stirling cryocoolers and a 4.5 K Joule-Thomson (JT) cryocooler). The ADR is unique in that it is designed to use both the liquid helium and the JT cryocooler as it heat sink. The flight detector and ADR assembly have successfully undergone vibration and performance testing at GSFC, and have now undergone initial performance testing with the flight dewar at Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Inc. in Japan. This paper summaries the performance of the flight ADR in both cryogen-based and cryogen-free operating modes.

Development of High Capacity Split Stirling Cryocooler for HTS

Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. (SHI) developed a high-power Stirling-type pulse tube cryocooler for cooling high-temperature superconductor (HTS) devices, such as superconductor motors, superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES), and fault current limiters. The experimental results of a prototype pulse tube cryocooler were reported in September 2013. For a U-type expander, the cooling capacity was 151W at 70K with a compressor input power of 4kW. Correspondingly, the coefficient of performance (COP) was about 0.038. However, the efficiency of the cryocooler is required to be COP > 0.1 and it was found that, theoretically, it is difficult to further improve the efficiency of a pulse tube cryocooler because the workflow generated at the hot end of the pulse tube cannot be recovered. Therefore, it was decided to change the expander to a free-piston type from a pulse tube type. A prototype was developed and preliminary experiments were conducted. A cooling capacity of 120W at 70K with a compressor input power of 2.15kW with corresponding COP of 0.056, was obtained. The detailed results are reported in this paper.

The first private-hospital based proton therapy center in Korea; status of the Proton Therapy Center at Samsung Medical Center.

PurposeThe purpose of this report is to describe the proton therapy system at Samsung Medical Center (SMC-PTS) including the proton beam generator, irradiation system, patient positioning system, patient position verification system, respiratory gating system, and operating and safety control system, and review the current status of the SMC-PTS.Materials and MethodsThe SMC-PTS has a cyclotron (230 MeV) and two treatment rooms: one treatment room is equipped with a multi-purpose nozzle and the other treatment room is equipped with a dedicated pencil beam scanning nozzle. The proton beam generator including the cyclotron and the energy selection system can lower the energy of protons down to 70 MeV from the maximum 230 MeV.ResultsThe multi-purpose nozzle can deliver both wobbling proton beam and active scanning proton beam, and a multi-leaf collimator has been installed in the downstream of the nozzle. The dedicated scanning nozzle can deliver active scanning proton beam with a helium gas filled pipe minimizing unnecessary interactions with the air in the beam path. The equipment was provided by Sumitomo Heavy Industries Ltd., RayStation from RaySearch Laboratories AB is the selected treatment planning system, and data management will be handled by the MOSAIQ system from Elekta AB.ConclusionThe SMC-PTS located in Seoul, Korea, is scheduled to begin treating cancer patients in 2015.

A08 車載超電導モータシステム冷却用スターリング冷凍機の開発(冷凍機,ヒートパイプ)

In recent years, many efforts have been made to improve the efficiency of an electric vehicle. To improve the efficiency of an electric bus, Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. has been developing a superconducting motor system. This project is intended to demonstrate that the efficiency of an electric bus can be improved by a superconducting motor system. In order to be competitive with a conventional motor, a highly efficient cryocooler is required. Thus, Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. developed a high-efficiency Stirling cryocooler for the purpose of cooling an HTS superconducting motor system. A prototype unit was developed and performance tests were conducted. The conceptual design of the system and the detailed experiment results will be reported in this paper.

Experimental Investigation of Cooling Capacity of 4K GM Cryocoolers in Magnetic Fields

4K GM cryocoolers are inevitably exposed to the magnetic field inMRI systems. The cooling capacity of a 4K GM cryocooler is strongly dependent on the heat capacity of the magnetic regenerator materials, such as HoCu2, Er3Ni and Gd2O2S(GOS). In order to clarify the effect of the magnetic field on acryocooler's performance, we measured the cooling capacity of Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. (SHI) 1W 4K GM cryocoolers in magnetic fields up to 2.0 T. It is found that the impact of a magnetic field on the cooling capacity with a HoCu2/GOS hybrid regenerator is much smaller than that with a HoCu2 regenerator.

DIAGNOSTIC EFFECTIVENESS OF QUANTITATIVE [18F]FLUTEMETAMOL PET IMAGING IN SUBJECTS WITH NORMAL PRESSURE HYDROCEPHALUS USING BIOPSY HISTOPATHOLOGY STANDARD OF TRUTH FOR DETECTION OF FIBRILLAR AMYLOID B

frequently involve multiple steps, and the crude reaction mixture is usually purified by HPLC. Since PET imaging drugs are typically administered intravenously, procedures must be de veloped to produce them which are sterile and pyrogen free, and manufactured under th e guidance of GMP standards, whenever conducted in human. Methods: Although there are several kinds of SYNTHESIZERs for PET imaging drugs in the world, NEPTIS is adopted for the commercial production of amyloid PET imaging drug, florbetapir in the US and Europe. While in Japan, MPS200Ab was developed and is now applied for NDA for the manufacturing of florbetapir by Sumitomo Heavy Industries. In order to achieve the equivalency in terms of the QC of florbetapir produced by between NEPTIS and MPS200Ab, socalled three lots-productions and analytical system suitability tests are conducted at Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, and the equivalency between two synthesizers is well established. Results: The detailed conditions and results of three lots-productions and analytical system suitability tests will be presented at the AAIC2014. Conclusions:MPS200Ab is originally developed by Sumitomo Heavy Industries and is characterized by several advantages over the conventional synthesizers. The solid-phase extraction system consolidated in MPS200Ab is one of the most characteristic points which is resulted in the high-degreed purification and the efficient procedure. We believe amyloid PET imaging drug, florbetapir will be applied safely and widely in Japan by MPS200Ab for the early diagnosis and the therapeutic approach.

Conduction-Cooling System for Superconducting Magnets at 20–30 K

A cryogenic system is designed and experimentally tested for superconducting magnets conductively cooled at 20-30 K by a cryocooler. Metallic parts are fabricated for the thermal connection between coldhead of a single-stage GM cooler and six magnet bobbins in hexagonal array, and assembled with bolt- joints. The material of all parts is oxygen-free copper with a high RRR value ( ~ 525), and the GM cooler is a newly released model from Sumitomo Heavy Industries. All six bobbins are uniformly cooled down to 13.0 K under no load and can be maintained at 20-30 K under additional thermal load of 26-60 W. It is verified by analytical simulation that this excellent performance is due to the extremely high thermal conductivity of copper conductors and the good thermal contacts by bolt-joints. The conduction-cooling system is a thermally feasible option for 20-30 K magnets, including the wind turbine generators.

Recent Development Status of Stirling Type Pulse Tube Cryocooler for HTS

Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. (SHI) has been developing a high power stirling type pulse tube cryocooler. For the purpose of cooling high-temperature superconductor (HTS) devices, such as superconductor motor, SMES and current fault limiter, requested specifications from the devices to a cryocooler are compact size, light weight, high efficiency and high reliability. Especially, the cryocooler must be demanded COP > 0.1 in the efficiency. The experimental results of prototype pulse tube cryocooler were reported in June 2012 [1]. For an In-line type expander, the cooling capacity was 210 W at 77 K and the minimum temperature was 37 K when the compressor input power was 3.8 kW and the operating frequency was 49 Hz. Accordingly, COP was about 0.055. Moreover, for miniaturization a U type expander was tested and the performance is about 10 % less than that of an In-line type expander. After that, we have estimated that the cooling performance is influenced by the environment such as the effect of the pulse-tube inclination, the temperature and the flowing quantity of cooling water. The detailed results are reported in this paper.