Sumatra Island Research Articles

Effect Of Investment, Unemployment And Human Development Index Against Income Inequality (Comparative Study Of Java Island, Sumatra And Sulawesi Island)

This study aims to analyze the effect of Investment, Unemployment and Human Development Index on Income Inequality (Comparative Study of Sumatra, Java and Sulawesi Islands). The data used is panel data (time series & cross section) from 2010 to 2023 consisting of every province on the island of Sumatra, Java and Sulawesi. Data is sourced from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) and the Investment Coordinating Board, Ministry of Investment of the Republic of Indonesia. The data was analyzed by path analysis method (Sobel Test) using Eviews12 software. The results of the analysis show that partially Investment and Human Development Index have a significant direct influence on Income Inequality through GRDP in Sulawesi Island, while Unemployment indirectly has no significant effect. In contrast to Sumatra and Java, both show that Investment, Unemployment and Human Development Index do not have a significant indirect effect on Income Inequality through GRDP. However, simultaneously all these independent variables have a significant direct influence on income inequality in Sumatra, Java and Sulawesi island.

Unlocking Green Productivity Through Green Lending, Digitalisation and Financial Literacy

Purpose — This study aims to measure green productivity in the agricultural sector, specifically on Sumatra Island, with some driving factors such as green lending from rural banks (both conventional and Sharīʿah), digitalisation, and the intermediation of financial literacy. Design/Methodology/Approach — The study employs panel data from 154 regencies on Sumatra Island for the period 2018 to 2022. Data Envelopment Analysis was employed to generate agricultural green total factor productivity, followed by regression estimation to see the influence of each determining factor. Findings — This study reveals the significant impact of green lending on green productivity. However, in Sharīʿah rural banks, which adhere strictly to Sharīʿah rules, this impact is positive only when moderated by financial literacy. On the other hand, digitalisation is also found to influence green productivity, but the effect weakened when the level of financial literacy could not be controlled. Originality/Value — To the best of the author’s knowledge, this study is the first to observe green productivity in the agricultural sector within a dual economic system that fosters both Islamic and conventional financial practices at the regional level. Practical Implications — This study implies that governments and banks should integrate green lending and digitalisation across various levels of financial literacy.

Pelestarian Pakaian Adat Melayu Riau Bagi Remaja di Provinsi Riau

Riau Province is an Indonesian province located on the east coast of the central island of Sumatra. Its coastal area borders the Strait of Malacca. Until 2004, the province also included the Riau Islands, a large group of small islands (the main islands include Batam Island and Bintan Island) located east of Sumatra and south of Singapore. The archipelago was split into its own province in July 2004. The capital and largest city in Riau province is Pekanbaru, and the other major city after Pekanbaru is Dumai. Riau is currently one of the richest provinces in Indonesia, and its resources are dominated by natural resources, especially petroleum, natural gas, rubber, oil palm and fiber plantations. along with the abundance of natural resources, Riau is also famous for its rich traditions and culture, both physical and non-physical that are inherent in the Riau people themselves. one of the physical cultures in Riau is Riau Malay traditional clothing. The people in Riau are dominated by the Malay tribe, where this tribe is also influenced by the Malay culture in Sumatra, Malaysia, Singapore. due to the close proximity of the region. characterized by similarities in dress or dress that has its own characteristics. the people of Riau usually wear their traditional clothes at major events, such as traditional ceremonies, holidays, official events.

A critical review of peatland ecosystem services research in Indonesia: Uncovering knowledge gaps and research needs

Peatlands provide a broad range of ecosystem services (ES) that are critical to ecosystem regulating and human well-being. However, anthropogenic activities threaten their existence, leading to degradation, destruction, and loss of these ecosystems. To effectively convey the value of peatlands, it is important to share knowledge on the ES they provide. This review aims to provide an overview of the ES provided by peatlands in Indonesia. We undertook a critical review of articles published on Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar to investigate various aspects of peatland ES. Our examination encompassed data types, valuation methods, modes of assessment, ecosystem services categories, study site scale, temporal patterns, purposes of publication, and study limitations related to peatland ES. From a set of 1,115 potentially relevant papers, 45 were selected for analysis. Our findings showed that ES studies are heavily concentrated on the Kalimantan and Sumatra islands, with most studies focused on specific provinces such as Central Kalimantan and Riau. The most commonly used data type, method, and mode of assessment were secondary data, look-up tables, and economic valuation, respectively. Provisioning services were the most frequently studied ES category, followed by regulating services, supporting services, and cultural services. However, gaps persist, including limited data, understanding, and long-term sustainability consideration. Future research should address these gaps by focusing on underrepresented peatland ecosystems, integrating diverse approaches, and considering global peatland issues.

A survey of the Sumatran Ctenidae (Araneae). 3. Amauropelma mariae sp. n., one of the tiniest species of the genus

A new species, Amauropelma mariae sp. n., is described from Sumatra Island (Indonesia) on the basis of both sexes. The new species is illustrated and described in detail. The distribution map of all known Amauropelma species based on new and literature-derived records is given.

Effectiveness of Implementing Digital Fundraising and Fund Accounting at BAZNAS North Sumatra

The number of poor people in Indonesia in 2023 will reach 25.90 million people, this is a quite serious problem for the country. Zakat is a means of mutual cooperation that can help this imbalance. Internet penetration in North Sumatra is the highest on the island of Sumatra based on the APJII survey in early 2024, this is the spearhead of all types of digitalization applications. This fact makes us aware that the potential for zakat should increase further and make it easier for BAZNAS North Sumatra Province to collect funds. This research aims to measure the effectiveness of implementing digitalization in compiling and reporting accounting. The data collection method uses researchqualitatively based with a phenomenological approach.Based on the research results, the implementation of digital fundraising can be said to be effective, but it is not yet effective in targeting accuracy, one of which is due to a lack of social engagement on social media. For fund accounting, which is a reporting rule for non-profit organizations, BAZNAS North Sumatra Province has implemented regulations with PSAK 109 and reporting has been digitized and automated.

The Effect of E-Commerce on Gross Regional Domestic Product and Clustering of Its Characteristics by Utilizing Official Statistics and Big Data

The objective of this study is to examine the impact of e-commerce on Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) and categorize GRDP according to e-commerce features in 17 provinces throughout Java, Sumatra, and Bali. The Human Development Index (HDI), which measures people's proficiency with technology—among which is e-commerce—is greatest on these three islands. This study makes use of big data in the form of Google Trends data as well as official statistics data obtained from the BPS-Statistics Indonesia. K-means clustering and regression analysis are the research methods employed. The study's findings demonstrate that the three islands' GDP growth rates are considerably accelerated by e-commerce companies. There were two ideal clusters identified: the low and high GRDP clusters. All of the provinces on the island of Java are included in the high cluster, with the exception of Central Java, which is distinguished by high transaction values and e-commerce-related keyword searches. Provinces in the low cluster are located on the Indonesian islands of Sumatra and Bali, and they are distinguished by the usage of Cash on Delivery (COD) and a limited number of employees in e-commerce businesses.

Geographically Weighted Regression Modeling with Adaptive Gaussian Kernel Weighting on GRDP in Indonesia

The purpose of this study is to determine the variables that affect Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) in Indonesia in 2022 using Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) with Adaptive Gaussian kernel weighting function. The data used in this study uses secondary data taken from the website of the Central Bureau of Statistics. The variables used are gross regional domestic product of 34 provinces in Indonesia (Y, in billion rupiah), labor force participation rate (X1, in %), foreign investment (X2, in million dollars), open unemployment rate (X3, in %) and human development index (X4, in %). Data were analyzed using GWR with adaptive gaussian kernel weighting function. GRDP in all provinces on the island of Sumatra (11 provinces), DKI Jakarta province, Banten province, and West Kalimantan province are influenced by foreign investment (X2) and human development index (X4). Meanwhile, GRDP in the other 19 provinces is only influenced by foreign investment (X2). GWR model with adaptive gaussian kernel weighting function is formed differently for each province in Indonesia. Keywords: Adaptive gaussian kernel; GWR; gross regional domestic product

Agricultural Gross Domestic Product and Farmer Exchange Rate on Income Distribution Inequality on the Island of Sumatra

Agricultural Gross Domestic Product and Farmer Exchange Rate on Income Distribution Inequality on the Island of Sumatra

Quaternary deposition and erosion in the northeastern Sunda Strait: An interplay between sea level, tectonics, and magmatic activity

The northeastern Sunda Strait is a narrow strait separating Java and Sumatra islands. Currently, it forms a seaway between the Java Sea and the Indian Ocean. The geological setting of the region is extremely dynamic, but how the Plio-Pleistocene interplay between sea level oscillations, magmatism, and tectonics, which lead to the current setting, has not been completely understood. We analysed an important set of legacy shallow seismic data from this area to decipher these intricate relationships. Our results indicate that the tectonic extension partly dismantled the Indonesian arc since the Middle Miocene. However, volcanic products formed a barrier between the Sunda Shelf and the Indian Ocean during the Late Pliocene to the Middle Pleistocene. Marine flooding started during the Middle Pleistocene but bypassed the barrier by flooding the NW edge of Java Island. During the Late Pleistocene, high amplitudes and longer periods of the glacial-interglacial cycles ultimately connected the Java Sea with the Indian Ocean. Still, it was only during the Holocene that important erosion made this seaway efficient in transporting seawater between the two reservoirs.

Sumatran

Abstract: The island of Sumatra and the Barrier Islands lying off its west coast are home to a diverse array of Austronesian languages. For at least a century and a half, a close genetic relationship between many of the non-Malayo-Chamic languages of the region—namely the Batak languages, Simeulue, Nias, Mentawai, and Enggano—has been proposed. Evidence in support of such a group was first thoroughly detailed by Nothofer, who outlined sound correspondences and phonological innovations for a Barrier Island–Batak subgroup. Building upon Nothofer's proposal and recent observations about the languages of Sumatra, this paper proposes a far-reaching language group we call Sumatran, comprising Nothofer's Barrier Island–Batak group as well as Gayo, spoken in northern Sumatra, and Nasal, spoken in southwestern Sumatra. We also provide stronger evidence for the inclusion of Enggano, spoken on the southernmost Barrier Island, which Nothofer only tentatively included. To support this proposal, we outline shared innovations that establish the foundation of what constitutes the Sumatran language subgroup.

Simulation of lahar flow potensial hazards in seulawah agam volcano eruption-aceh

Abstract Seulawah Agam volcano is an active stratovolcanic volcano located on Sumatra Island. During the decade following the phreatic eruption in 1839 up to now, there have only been a few small-scale increases in activity. The hazards associated with volcanic eruptions can be divided into primary hazards and secondary hazards. One type of significant secondary hazard is lahar flow. The consequences of this volcanic eruption must be overcome because the impact is the same as the main hazard, especially if efforts to overcome it are not taken seriously. Therefore, simulations are needed to understand the lahar flow patterns that can occur due to the eruption of the Seulawah Agam volcano. This lahar flow simulation is based on Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data, namely DEMNAS, and uses the LAHARZ application, which is based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The LAHARZ software is designed to calculate potential hazard zones exposed to lahar flows based on volume parameters. Lahar flow simulations were made in hydrological channels with several lahar volume scenarios, such as 1 x 105 m3, 1 x 106 m3, and 5 x 106 m3. The lahar volume estimate used is based on information from historical data on volcanic eruptions whose characteristics are almost the same as the Seulawah Agam volcano. This volume scenario shows differences in the extent of lahar flows and the size of the affected area. The results of this lahar flow simulation can be one of the first steps in efforts to mitigate the hazards of volcanic eruptions in the future.

Attenuation characteristics of coda wave in Northern Aceh, Sumatra, Indonesia

Abstract Sumatra Island is located in the subduction zone between Indo-Australian and Eurasian Plates. The tectonic activity has resulted in an active region. Hence, it may cause more heterogeneous crust in the region. To understand the relationship between the attenuation factor and the tectonic setting, we apply coda wave attenuation study Sumatra Island. This preliminary result focuses at the northern Aceh from observation at LHMI station. A total of about 123 earthquake waveforms of local distance (less than 3°) with depth less than 40 km is analyzed in this study. We employ a back-scattering model assumption to determine the attenuation of coda waves. Our coda wave quality factor (Qc ) estimation covers frequencies from 1 to 8 Hz. Onset of the coda window is determined by considering twice the arrival time of shear wave, with varying window lengths between 20 and 120 s. The Q0 (Qc at frequency 1 Hz) varies from 65.84 ± 5.50 to 183.09 ± 7.17. We observe a decrease in the factor of frequency dependence (η) between 1.14 ± 0.06 and 1.04 ± 0.03. Depth dependent of coda wave attenuation can be seen from the increase of Q0 (which is Qc at 1 Hz) with window length. We suggest that the Low Q0 (< 200) and high η (> 1) may be associated with high tectonic activity in this region.

Supply chain analysis of Octopus cyanea in Simeulue regency: a case study of production value and contribution of PiSiSi MPA.

Abstract Octopus is a fishery commodity that is the target catch of fishermen in Simeulue Regency because of its very high price. This study aims to identify the supply chain, calculate the value of fishery production and the percentage of octopus (Octopus Cyanea) production in the PiSiSi Simeulue MPAs. This research was conducted in March-April 2023. The research method used was interviews with purposive sampling techniques. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that the value of production generated from buyers (collectors) was IDR 34,192,104,976 with a total weight of 440.56 tons. The contribution of PiSiSi KKP to the production value of Simeulue Octopus is 9.83%. Based on this research the octopus supply chain starts with the catch of fishermen who are sold to collectors and then sold again to buyers in Sinabang and sold locally and domestically to North Sumatra and Java Island to be processed and then exported to Asia, Europe and America.

The distribution of macroalgae in the Aceh north-western coastline

Abstract Macroalgae are polyphyletic multicellular plants that generally inhabit the littoral zone of the seashore. Aceh Province has a coastline stretching along the east, north and west ends of Sumatra Island; thus, various macroalga species may be found. This research aims to study the distribution of macroalga species at four locations on the north-western side of Aceh, including three sites in Aceh Besar District (Lhoknga, Lange, and Ujung Pancu Beaches) and one site in Banda Aceh City (Ulee Lheue Beach). Sampling was done across 50 meters of the seashore and 1 meter towards the sea. The sampling was conducted using a 1×1 meter quadrant transect method with sampling points every 10 meters. The morphology determination shows that five species of macroalga grew at Lhoknga Beach, namely Valoniopsis pachynema, Halimeda opuntia, Turbinaria decurrens, Sargassum plagiophyllum, and Padina australis. Lange Beach had three macroalgae species: Chaetomorpha linum, Laurencia obtusa, and Sargassum plagiophyllum. Meanwhile, Ujung Pancu Beach has four macroalga species: Halymenia durvillei, Turbinaria decurrens, Ulva lactuca and Sargassum plagiophyllum. At Ulee Lheue Beach, five species were found: Gracilaria edulis, Caulerpa taxifolia, Hypnea musciformis, Padina australis, and Acanthophora spicifera. In total, 13 macroalga species were distributed on Aceh’s north-western coast.

Revisi Peta Distribusi Ikan Padi (Adrianichthyidae: Oryzias spp.) Berdasarkan Identifikasi Morfologi di Paparan Sunda Indonesia

Members of the Adrianichthyidae family share typical distributions, as does the javanicus group, which inhabits western parts of Southeast Asia. Javanicus group members, specifically Oryzias javanicus and Oryzias hubbsi, is the only Adrianichthyidae species that can be spotted in Sundaland Indonesia. Morphological identification and the species distribution mapping of Oryzias specimens from Sundaland in this study were interpreted using ecoregional and dendogram tree approach. Specimens were collected from 11 areas representing five ecoregions in Sundaland Indonesia. Specimens were collected from islands of Java, Sumatra, Belitung and Kalimantan. Six individuals from each population of Oryzias were sampled for morphological identification. Specimens collected from estuaries were morphologically identified as O. javanicus and specimens from freshwater identified as O. hubbsi. Distribution of O. hubbsi from Salatiga is the first record from Central East Java (CEJ) ecoregion, which was previously only distributed in Southern Sumatra-Western Java (SWJ) ecoregion. Morphology of O. hubbsi from Sundaland Indonesia has mean of Standard Length (SL) 1.56 cm, Total Length (TL) 1.94 cm, Anal rays (A) 16, Pectoral rays (P) 8, and Dorsal rays (D) 6. Meanwhile, morphology of O. javanicus from Sundaland has mean of SL 2.07 cm, TL 2.56 cm, A 22, P 11, and D 6.

Tracing the Linguistic Roots of Malay and Batak Languages in Sumatra Island: A Historical Comparative Study

Previous research in comparative historical linguistics has traditionally focused on languages within a single region, overlooking cognate languages in other areas. This study seeks to rectify this by quantitatively and qualitatively describing the kinship between Rejang, Serawai, Lembak (Bengkulu), and Toba, Mandailing, and Nias (North Sumatra) languages. It aims to unearth empirical evidence regarding the timing of divergence between Malay and Batak languages, as well as the grouping of languages and the percentage of kinship between Bengkulu Province and North Sumatra Province. Utilizing Morris Swadesh's lexicostatistics and glottochronology methods, the research evaluates word kinship based on a fundamental 150-word list. Results indicate significant differences among the six languages, particularly with Rejang and Nias displaying low similarity levels, falling below 30% and not even reaching 10%, respectively. The percentage of kinship between local language pairs in Bengkulu and North Sumatra Province averages at 22.66%, classifying them under the "Family stock" category, indicating identical word correlations despite differing phonetic elements. Glottochronological calculations estimate the separation time between Malay and Batak languages to range from 419 to 3,289 BC. This research significantly enhances understanding of regional language kinship and linguistic diversity.

Forecasting Palm Oil Production Using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) With Time Series Cross Validation (TSCV)

Oil palm plant (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is a plantation crop that has a high economic value for Indonesia, because the results of oil palm plantations can increase the country's foreign exchange. Oil palm plantations can create jobs for the people of Indonesia, thus reducing unemployment in Indonesia. Oil palm plantations in Indonesia have spread to various regions, besides being found on the islands of Sumatra and Kalimantan, now oil palm plantations are almost found in various regions in Indonesia both small-scale plantations and large-scale plantations. This research uses historical data in the form of monthly palm oil production to predict the price of strategic food commodities. The period of palm oil production used is from January 1997 to December 2023 obtained from the website of PT. X or documentation data at PT. X. In this study the data was divided into 4 data scenarios using the Time Series Cross Validation (TSCV) method. The results of palm oil production modeling with LSTM that have been carried out show that palm oil production data shows differences in forecasting values and accuracy in the number of neurons and epochs used. The conclusion of this study is that from data processing and analysis in the previous chapter, it can be concluded that forecasting the amount of palm oil production in PT X can be modeled with LTSM and SARIMA method using Time Series Cross Validation (TSCV) data.

DETERMINANTS OF POOR HOUSEHOLDS IN SOUTH SUMATRA USING A MULTILEVEL LOGISTIC MODEL

Poverty is still one of the problems experienced by all countries, including Indonesia. According to BPS, in March 2021, the poverty rate in Indonesia was 10.14 percent. South Sumatra is a province with a poverty rate, which is the tenth-highest nationwide and the third-highest on Sumatra Island. This poverty rate is accompanied by a contraction in economic growth in 2021 by 3.58 percent. This condition indicates a contradiction and suggests that poverty still needs to be resolved. Moreover, the disparity in social and economic aspects across regions could potentially make the poverty rate high. This research aims to see the individual and regional or contextual factors affecting poor households. To simultaneously capture the effects of individual and regional level, we perform a Multilevel Logistic model using hierarchical structured poverty data from SUSENAS. The result shows that 4 (four) variables at individual level, which are the number of household members, the status of residence building, health insurance, and saving ownership, had a significant effect on the poor household. The region with high unemployment rate tend to have a high percentage of poor households. This result indicates that local government need to have policies that can affect poor households directly, such as socializing more about health insurance program and family planning program, as well as supervision in social aid distribution. Moreover, they need to create a program that can employ more people in order to decrease the percentage of poor households in such regions.

Current knowledge of amphibian diversity in Sumatra, and its significance for conservation

Abstract The amphibians of the Indonesian island of Sumatra are poorly known, despite it being recognized as a biodiversity hotspot. For determining conservation priorities, up-to-date knowledge of the state of amphibian diversity in Sumatra is crucial, particularly considering the high deforestation rate on the island. To address this, I compiled and analysed a comprehensive dataset for amphibians known from Sumatra, to identify knowledge gaps and assess the significance of these data for conservation on the island and, more broadly, across Indonesia. The compilation indicates there are 135 amphibian species currently recorded for Sumatra, 55% more than the number known in 1923. Approximately 44 species have been described since 2000. Associated data on larvae and calls is lacking for many species. Although 66% of the amphibians of Sumatra are categorized as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List, this may not represent the actual conservation status of these species because many of the assessments are outdated. In addition, 14% of species have not yet been evaluated. This study highlights the need for more comprehensive studies on the amphibians of Sumatra.