Sumatera Utara Province Research Articles

Factors That Influence Financial Performance with Capital Expenditure as a Moderating Variable in the Regency / City Government of Sumatera Utara Province

This study aims to analyze and evaluate (1) comprehensive regional development to produce regional growth that is in line with the regional budget; (2) making good and appropriate financial management so that the improvement of the economic development process has an impact after the implementation of the regional autonomy policy; (3) Each region can be responsible for regional authority in regional development so that good financial management is expected to be a reality for local governments to support their growth and development; (4) Increasing the potential of financial performance and this ability is indicated by compliance with specific rules and regulations as stipulated by SAP when managing financial. This research was conducted in the district /city government in the area of ​​North Sumatra Province. The population used was 33 districts/cities (25 districts and eight cities) with the year of observation for five years starting from 2018 to 2022 the number of observations was obtained as many as 165, the data used was secondary data, the data collection method which was the data documentation method was obtained From the Directorate General of Finance Balance of the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia, the website of the Central Statistics Agency, the website of each regional government that is the research sample, and other related sources. The results of this study indicate that (1) Local own-source revenue has a significant positive effect on financial performance; (2) operating expenditure has a significant positive effect on financial performance; (3) Revenue sharing fund has a significant positive effect on financial performance; (4) General Allocation Fund has no significant effect on financial performance; (5) Special Allocation Fund has a significant positive effect on financial performance; (6) the working period of regional heads has no significant effect on financial performance; (7) capital expenditure can moderate the effect of local own-source revenue on financial performance; (8) Capital expenditure cannot moderate the effect of operating expenditure on financial performance; (9) Capital expenditure can moderate the effect of revenue sharing fund on financial performance; (10) Capital expenditure cannot moderate the effect of general allocation funds on financial performance; (11) Capital expenditure can moderate the effect of special allocation funds on financial performance; (12) Capital expenditure cannot moderate the effect of the working period of regional heads on financial performance. Keywords: good governance, financial management system, regional autonomy policy, financial performance.

Determinants of COVID-19 severity and mortality in children: A retrospective and multicenter cohort study in Medan, Indonesia.

This study investigated indicators of the severity and mortality of COVID-19 in children in Medan, Sumatera Utara Province, Indonesia. The aim of this study was to identify determinants of severity and outcome of children with COVID-19 as the lesson learned from the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly the limited health facilities in Indonesia. This retrospective cohort study was conducted in 2020, 2021, and 2022 at multiple centers. Inpatient and outpatient children confirmed to be SARS-CoV-2 positive were randomly recruited in the selected hospitals. Baseline data (demographic, clinical, laboratory and radiological data) were collected, and outcomes were classified as recovered/deceased (for the inpatient group) or returned to the hospital (for the outpatient group). Severity status was identified based on the Indonesia COVID-19 guidelines. The laboratory data were categorized according to international standards and data were analyzed using univariate analyzes followed by multivariate logistic regression. A total of 303 inpatient and 114 outpatient children were included in the analysis. Out of the total inpatient cases, nine patients died, with 2.9 mortality rate. Our final multivariate indicated that the presence of shortness of breath (SOB), anemia, and abnormal C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were significantly associated with the severity or the presence of emergency signs, while the presence of SOB and comorbidities were significantly associated with mortality in inpatient children with COVID-19. The presence of fever, cough, SOB, muscle ache and diarrhea were the reasons why the children were returned to the hospital from self-isolation at home among outpatient COVID-19 cases; however, the cough was the only significant factor in the final multivariate mode. This study highlights important determinants of COVID-19 severity and mortality in children, which should be considered during clinical decision-making in low-resource settings of healthcare centers in Indonesia.

Ecosystem red listing and identification of Mursala Island as the first important plant area in Indonesia

Important plant area (IPA) is one of the global approaches to conserving threatened species and their habitats in situ. In the present study, we assess the risk of ecosystem collapse of Mursala Island and identify the island’s potential as the first IPA site in Indonesia. Mursala Island is located on the west coast of the Sumatera Utara Province and is known as one of the hotspots for dipterocarps species diversity. Our compiled data records at least 178 species of plant on Mursala Island, which belong to 47 families. A total of 104 species have been assessed for their conservation status according to the IUCN Red List, of which 27 (25.96%) are threatened with extinction with the category of Critically Endangered (CR; 4), Endangered (10), and Vulnerable (13). The majority (24 or more than 88%) of these threatened species are from the Family Dipterocarpaceae. Following the IUCN Red List of Ecosystems protocol, we propose CR B1c as the risk category of Mursala Island’s ecosystem. Under this category, the ecosystem is considered to be at an extremely high risk of collapse. Furthermore, our assessment shows that Mursala Island qualifies as an IPA under criteria Ai and Aii. Increasing the protection level of the island is recommended to conserve the ecosystem and its plant diversity.

Parent’s Communication Style in Shaping Positive Self Concept in Generation Z Adolescents in Polonia Village, Medan Polonia Subdistrict, Medan City, Sumatera Utara Province

Parent’s Communication Style in Shaping Positive Self Concept in Generation Z Adolescents in Polonia Village, Medan Polonia Subdistrict, Medan City, Sumatera Utara Province

EXAMINING THE EFFECTS OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY ADVANCEMENTS AS WELL AS EDUCATIONAL INITIATIVES ON ECONOMIC GROWTH

In order to develop and stabilize a particular economy across various life domains, economic construction is a fundamental endeavor. The development and growth of the economy are two aspects that are always related and always impacting each other. Undoubtedly, several factors contribute to economic growth, including the development of technology, modalities, and Human Resources (HR). This study uses a quantitative analysis with an object of study in the Sumatera Utara Province for the 2019–2022 period. The research methodology employs a Multiple Linear Regression analysis with the aim of determining the relationship between dependent and independent variables. The research findings indicate that, while the variables investing in telemedicine do not negatively affect economic growth, the use of the internet and education do have a positive impact. On the other hand, simultaneously, the variables of internet usage, telecom investment, and education have an impact on the growth of the Sumatera Utara economy.

Communication Strategies of Counselors in Out Patient Rehabilitation Programs at the Primary Clinic of the National Narcotics Agency, Sumatera Utara Province

The communication strategies employed by counselors play a pivotal role in outpatient rehabilitation programs. Effective communication is crucial for building trust, understanding clients, and achieving successful outcomes. The research method employed in this study is the qualitative research method, which is characterized by its logical and systematic approach to investigating or observing phenomena. Counselors play a crucial role in establishing a foundation of trust and understanding with their clients. This, in turn, positively influences the rehabilitation process. The incorporation of various communication techniques and mediums helps tailor messages to each client's specific needs and preferences. In conclusion, effective communication is at the heart of successful outpatient rehabilitation programs. Counselors must utilize a range of strategies to understand their clients, deliver tailored messages, and engage through various communication mediums.

The effect of infrastructure development on increasing farmers’ income of main agricultural commodities in Serdang Bedagai Regency

Improving the quality and quantity of infrastructure leading to agricultural production centers will increase the economic activities of the community. The more stable infrastructure of agricultural centers will facilitate access to the location, more competitive prices, and more guaranteed quality so that it will increase agricultural production and productivity as well as the income and welfare of the community, especially farmers. The contribution of Serdang Bedagai’s agricultural and plantation sectors is so large that it is only natural that the priority of infrastructure development is the construction of roads and bridges to facilitate the mobility of agricultural products. This study was conducted to provide additional perspectives and references on the importance of infrastructure in improving the welfare and income of rice farmers in Serdang Bedagai regency. This study employs quantitative approaches. The investigation took place within Serdang Bedagai Regency, Sumatera Utara Province by distributing questionnaires to respondents, namely 96 farmers. Respondents were farmers representing 17 sub-districts. The findings indicated that infrastructure development positively and significantly influences the income of farmers producing the main commodities in the Serdang Bedagai area. Furthermore, it is shown that road conditions (X) have an impact of 47.4% on the income (Y) of major commodity farmers in the Serdang Bedagai regency.

The effect of grain price stability and capital availability on gen-z’s interest in farmer entrepreneurship in Serdang Bedagai Regency

The reluctance of the majority of Indonesians, especially Gen Z, to enter the agricultural business is not only due to social factors but also price stability that can change rapidly due to global factors, and when viewed in terms of capital, it is also challenging to access startups in the high-risk agricultural sector. The objective of this research is to gain insights and explore the effect of grain price stability and capital availability on the interest of gen-z in farmer entrepreneurship in the Serdang Bedagai regency. The research employs a quantitative methodology and utilizes an associative approach. The research took place in the Serdang Bedagai regency, Sumatera Utara province, through the distribution of research questionnaires directly to gen-Z. The researchers made gen-Z of Serdang Bedagai regency as the study population, by taking a sample of 96 respondents and using purposive sampling in sampling techniques. The results showed that the stability of grain prices and the availability of capital had a significant partial and simultaneous effect on Gen-Z’s interest in farmer entrepreneurship. And it was found that the stability of grain prices (X1) and the availability of capital (X2) affected the interest of gen-z in farmer entrepreneurship (Y) by 40.6%.

Land suitability Assessment Rubber Commodities ( Hevea brasiliensis) In Nias Selatan District Scale 1: 250,000

South Nias district was the new district developed of Nias district in 2003. South Nias was part of area hit earthquake and tsunami in 2004 and 2005. The district was the producer of rubber which second superiority commodities after coconut. There were 29,125 Ha of rubber area in South Nias (Statistic of Sumatera Utara Province. 2021). This research activity was carried out in 6 subdistricts in Nias Regency in January 2019 - November 2019. Assessment of land suitability was needed in order to know a directions of superiority commodities development area. This assessment was conducted by using ALES (Automated Land Evaluation System). SDPLE (Standard Procedure for Land Evaluation) data was imported to ALES program. Land evaluation result was show in spatial form. This form made by imported tabulation data to GIS (Geographical Information System) form. Suitability land maps (scale 1 : 250.000) present based on each commodities by ArcView program.
 Keywords : Suitability land; rubber; South Nias

Communication Strategy of the Sumatera Utara Regional Police Traffic Directorate in Disseminating E-Ticket in Medan City, Sumatera Utara Province, Indonesia

The purpose of this research is to analyze communication strategy of the Sumatera Utara Regional Police Traffic Directorate in disseminating e-ticket in Medan City, Sumatera Utara Province, Indonesia. This research uses a qualitative approach. The data collection techniques used in this research used in-depth interview techniques, observation, and documentation. The informants in this research are four people who were directly involved and fully involved in the implementation of the socialization of the e-ticket communication strategy. For the validity of the data in this research, two source triangulation informants are used from outside the police agency. The data analysis technique used is interactive model analysis. The results of this research show that communication strategy that occurs in the e-ticket socialization program in Medan City begins with planning, then implementation and evaluation. The communication barriers found in this research are physical barriers, frame of mind barriers, and cultural barriers. Keywords: Communication Strategy, Physical Barriers, Frame of Mind Barriers, Cultural Barriers

In Vitro Evaluation of Corn Silk Extract as a Potential Alternative Therapy for Vulvovaginal Candidiasis

Abstract Aim To determine the effectivity of corn silk extract in inhibiting the growth of C. albicans. Materials and Methods Corn silk used in this study was Zea mays L. var. indurata and was collected from Desa Suka Makmur, Deli Serdang, Sumatera Utara Province, Indonesia. Tested C. albicans is C. albicans from VVC patients, obtained from the Microbiology Laboratory of Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Preparation of this study included corn silk extraction by maceration method with 96% ethanol, followed by dilution with 10% DMSO (Dimethyl Sulfoxide) into concentrations of 75%, 50%, 25%, and 12.5%. Well diffusion method was used to detect growth inhibition of C. albicans and agar dilution was used to determine MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) and MFC (Minimum Fungicidal Concentration) of corn silk extract. Data were statistically analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis analysis. Results From this study, corn silk extract of all concentrations showed an inhibitory effect against C. albicans. The mean diameter of inhibition zones for each concentration respectively from highest to lowest concentration were 27.4875 ± 0.3838 mm, 26.7250 ± 0.2533 mm, 25.7250 ± 0.2598 mm, and 24.9375 ± 0.2462 mm. Kruskal-Wallis analysis showed significant results (p-value 0.001). MIC and MFC were 1.5625% and 6.25%, respectively. Conclusions Corn silk extract of concentrations 75%, 50%, 25%, and 12,5% have antifungal activity against C. albicans. The higher the concentration of corn silk extract, the higher the efficacy in inhibiting the growth of C. albicans.

Analisis Halal Supply Chain Management Produk Kosmetik Halal Terhadap Tingkat Kepuasan Generasi Milenial di Kabupaten Deli Serdang

This research aims to determine the influence of halal supply chain management for halal cosmetic products on millennial generation consumer satisfaction in Deli Serdang Regency. The type of research used is quantitative associative which aims to determine the influence between the independent variable and the dependent variable. The type of data used is primary data in the form of a questionnaire distributed via social media. The population in this study is the entire millennial generation who use halal cosmetic products in Deli Serdang Regency. The location for Deli Serdang Regency was chosen because Deli Serdang is the regency with the largest population of the millennial generation and Muslims in Sumatera Utara Province. Sampling was determined based on Malhotra's theory so that a total sample of 160 samples was obtained. The results of this research state that halal supply chain management has a positive and significant effect on millennial generation consumer satisfaction in Deli Serdang . With this research, it is hoped that cosmetic companies or manufacturers can pay more attention to the halalness of a product, from ingredients, manufacture to distribution of cosmetics to consumers while still using Islamic provisions or in accordance with sharia.

Breastfeeding/ Complementary Feeding Behavior and Food Diversity of Stunting Toddlers in North Sumatra

SSGI (Nutritional Status Study of Indonesia) survey in 2021 found that prevalence of stunted infants in Sumatera Utara province is still higher (25.8%) than the national limit. It is known that stunting is multifactorial condition with breastmilk/weaning food feeding behavior as one of the contributing factor. Furthermore, family’s attitude toward consuming wide variety diets is also considered as factors related to stunting. Secondary data from SSGI 2021 involving 10,755 households was used in this study. STATA application was used to help analyzing the data. Statistical analysis was conducted by using Chi Square and showed that breastmilk/weaning food feeding behavior, and varied diets in family were not contributing factors of stunting in Sumatera Utara province. However, we found that educational background was significant contributing factor to stunting (p = 0.000). We suggest that other approach, such as qualitative measure may be used in future study to investigate factors attributable to stunting.

Social Policy in the Implementation of Concurrent Government Affairs in the Nias Archipelago Area, Indonesia

The implementation of social policies for Concurrent Government Affairs in the Nias Archipelago Area, Sumatera Utara Province, is still experiencing inequality, especially from the aspect of budget allocation. This article aims to analyze these problems, using a qualitative descriptive method, data sourced from the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia (2022). We use data analysis techniques through data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that (1) out of 33 regencies/cities in Sumatera Utara Province, 5 regencies/cities in the Nias Archipelago Area, namely Nias Regency, Nias Selatan Regency, Nias Utara Regency, Nias Barat Regency, and Gunungsitoli City experienced significant imbalances in budget extreme allocations with 28 non-island (mainland) regions and below the provincial average. The lack of social policies will have a significant effect on the implementation of Optional Concurrent Government Affairs in the archipelago; and (2) Conceptually, it is important to pay attention to the principles of accountability, efficiency, externality, and national strategic interests in treating archipelagic areas through increased transfer funds – including the General Allocation Fund (DAU) and the Special Allocation Fund (DAK) - as specifically regulated in Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Local Government. It is hoped that the novelty of this research can become material for evaluating policies of the central and provincial governments. This research can have implications for accelerating development, especially in island areas.

The Effect Of Hospital Management Information Systems On Human Resources Services In Haji General Hospital Medan, Sumatera Utara Province

Utilizing information technology by hospital human resources is essential for improving the efficacy and efficiency of hospital service administration. This study examines some variables in the management information systems on human resources services at Haji General Hospital Medan in Sumatera Utara Province using quantitative research methods with an associative research approach. The method is employed to identify the relation between some variables. This study has three independent variables: utilization of management information systems, satisfaction with information system use and ease of use of information systems. Meanwhile, the dependent variable is human resources services. Tests were conducted to evaluate the impact of independent factors on RSU Haji Medan's human resources services, individually and collectively. This study finds that each independent variable had a substantial effect on human resources services at RSU Haji Medan. Furthermore, the combination of these elements has a significant impact on human resources services at RSU Haji Medan.

Evaluation Succes Of Program Artificial Insemination On Local Cattle Female In Kuala District Sumatera Utara Province

The purpose of this study was to analyze the success of the artificial insemination (AI) program in local cattle in Kuala District, Langkat, Sumatera Utara Province. It was conducted in five villages: Bekiung, Beruam, Blankahan, Lau Kersik dan Raja Tengah. The survey method was employed in this study. The respondents were selected by using purposive sampling method. There were 41 breeders and 3 inseminators included as the respondents. To be involved in the study, the breeders had to meet certain criteria, such as having an experience of breeding local cows, at least twice using the AI system. As for the inseminators, they were required to have a permit from the Langkat Livestock Service. The results showed that the conception rate (CR) was 71.88%; the service per conception (S/C) was 1.2; the calving interval (CI) was 12.6 months, and the calving rate (CvR) was 96,66%. This study concluded that the implementation of the artificial insemination program in Kuala, Langkat, has been running effectively.

THE CORRELATION OF ELEVATION, SOIL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND YIELD OF COFFEE ARABICA IN SHADED CONDITIONS

The research aims to analyze the correlation of altitude, soil chemical properties and shades on Arabica coffee yields in Humbang Hasundutan Regency Sumatera Utara Province. This research was conducted using survey method with purposive sampling approach. Sampling were conducted on altitude varied between 1200 – 1500 m asl. Soil samples in top soil and sub soil were taken in order to analyze pH, C, N, P2O5, K, and cation exchange capacity (CEC). Coffee plant growth variables observed including productive branches, number of bunches, number of fruit per bunches, diameter of canopy and total yield. Whereas the quality variable measured were physical quality and taste. Data on soil chemical properties, elevation, yield and coffee quality were analyzed using the correlation method. The results showed that under shaded condition, N, CEC, pH, K and P were positively correlated with height increase, while C-organic, productive branches, number of fruits per bunch and coffee production were negatively correlated. Whereas in the condition without shade, N, C, pH, K, productive branches, the number of fruit per bunch is negatively correlated with height increase, while CEC, P, number of bunches, diameter of canopy and coffee yield are positively correlated. Statistical data shows that under shaded condition, the strongest correlation showed by pH and P av (0.999), Whereas in an unshaded condition, yield and CEC showed the strongest correlation (0.994).

Analysis of Development of Shrimp Aquaculture In Secanggang District, Langkat Regency, Sumatera Utara Province

The marine and fisheries sector's development is a part of the national development of Indonesia. Therefore, it is essential to ensure the industries' sustainability. Aquaculture is an industry that has a tremendous opportunity. Currently, Indonesia's aquaculture prospects are rising. Langkat Regency is a region in Sumatera Utara Province located in the East Coastal Region with good prospects for brackish water aquaculture. There are four goals in this study. This study aimed to analyze the distribution of shrimp aqua farm locations in the Secanggang District, investigate the type of shrimp aquaculture in the district, analyze the economic aspects of shrimp aquaculture in Secanggang District and study the optimal aquaculture strategy as a priority for developing coastal areas in Secanggang District. This study uses a quantitative approach to conduct a descriptive study. The study shows that the aqua farms in Secanggang District are located in the production area, converted forest area, wildlife nature reserve, and production forest. There are four types of Shrimp aquaculture in Secanggang District: intensive, semi-intensive, traditional, and natural/organic. The study also shows the economic analysis on costs, income, and the efficiency of R/C ratios per cycle on four types of aquaculture. This study also shows that shrimp aquaculture using the intensive system technique is the most appropriate and priority for shrimp aqua farming development in Secanggang District

Factors Related to Hearing Complaints Due to Noise on Furniture Workers in Medan City – Indonesia.

Every workplace has always various potential risk that can affect the health of the workers or can cause work-related illnesses. One of the physical conditions and work environment that is dangerous is noise. The higher intensity of noise and the longer the workers are exposed to noise, the higher the risk of workers experiencing hearing loss. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of risk factors with noise due to hearing disorder in furniture workers along Jalan Pahlawan in Medan City, Sumatera Utara Province, Indonesia, 2019.This study was an observational analytic study with a cross sectional research design. This study uses a population of furniture workers along Jalan Pahlawan and using accidental sampling in the sampling method of 30 respondents. Data was carried out by measuring the noise intensity in the work area of ​​furniture production and give questionnaires to 30 respondents who are working. Data analysis techniques used are univariate and bivariate analysis. The results of the study show that there is a relationship between noise intensity and hearing disorder (p=0,001<α=0,05); there is a relationship between the age of the worker and hearing disorder (p=0,000<α=0,05); there is a relationship between period of work with hearing disorder (p=0,025<α=0,05); there is a duration of work relationship with hearing disorder (p=0,010<α=0,05); there is a relationship between the use of ear protector and hearing disorder(p=0.001<α=0,05) in furniture workers along Jalan Pahlawan in Medan City.

Analisis Produksi Biogas Terhadap Penambahan Kulit Singkong pada Variasi Campuran Limbah Cair Domestk dan Aquadest

Domestic waste and agricultural food waste in the form of cassava peels have the potential as a source of raw material for making biogas. This research uses domestic waste from Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) Cemara of Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum (PDAM) Tirtanadi, Sumatera Utara Province. The ratio of domestic waste inoculum from WWTP Cemara PDAM Tirtanadi and water in this study was 100:0, 70:30, 60:40, and 50:50 (v/v). Then, for each variation of the ratio, 3 kg of ground cassava peel was added. This study aims to determine the amount of biogas produced by measuring the pressure in a pipe connected to a bioreactor. The process of making biogas uses anaerobic fermentation with a batch system. The parameter tested in this study is the measurement of the Total Suspended Solid (TSS) value, Volatile Solid (VS) value, pH value, and total Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) value. From the results of the research conducted, it was found that the variation in the ratio of 100:0 found biogas at a pressure of 205.8 Pa with TSS value of 1348 mg/L, VS value of 410 mg/L, pH value of 7.66 and COD value of 1088 mg/L.