Sulfur Content In Diesel Research Articles

Sulfur oxidation of ferrate synthesized from sludge in the aspect of desulfurization: A parametric study

Abstract The emission of sulfur in the atmosphere poses a significant threat to human health and the environment. To address this issue, stringent regulations have been implemented to limit the sulfur content in diesel, and novel desulfurization technologies are being developed. One notable technology is oxidative desulfurization (ODS), which employs oxidants to transform sulfur compounds into their corresponding sulfones, which are relatively easier to recover. The application of high-shear mixing in ODS has been studied to increase sulfur-to-sulfone conversion by creating smaller droplets and reducing mass transfer resistance. This research investigates the application of potassium ferrate derived from drinking water treatment sludge (DWTS), in the mixing-assisted oxidative desulfurization (MAOD) of a dibenzothiophene (DBT) model fuel. Potassium ferrate was synthesized using the wet oxidation method. The study evaluated the effects of ferrate concentration (400 to 600 ppm), agitation speed (4,400 to 10,800 rpm), and temperature (40 to 60 °C) on the efficiency of DBT conversion. The results revealed that 493.2 ppm DBT conversion was achieved at 550 ppm Fe(VI) concentration, 7,600 rpm agitation speed, and 50 °C temperature. Notably, increasing Fe(VI) concentration, agitation speed, and temperature had significant effects on sulfur reduction. This study demonstrates the potential of using potassium ferrate derived from DWTS in MAOD for effective desulfurization and discusses insights into the effects of operating conditions to enhance desulfurization efficiency. Ultimately, the study contributes to the development of environmentally friendly and cost-effective desulfurization technologies.

Catalytic oxidative desulfurization of liquid fuel: Impact of oxidants, extracting agents, and heterogeneous catalysts with prospects for biodiesel upgrading - A mini review

To address environmental pollution, the chemical industry is continually refining its standards. In the United States and Europe, regulations stipulate that the sulfur content in diesel fuel must not exceed 15 ppm. This stringent requirement has driven continuous research into advanced fuel upgrading techniques. One such promising method is oxidative desulfurization (ODS), which removes sulfur compounds by converting them into sulfones, thereby improving their extractability into other phases. This mini-review aims to provide a qualitative analysis of the fundamental principles of ODS. It examines the roles of various oxidizing agents, extraction solvents, and heterogeneous catalysts, highlighting their respective advantages and limitations. Furthermore, the review elucidates the integrated reaction-extraction approach and explores emerging technologies and challenges associated with biodiesel upgrading in the context of biofuels. A quantitative section synthesizes representative results to provide a comprehensive overview. In conclusion, this paper underscores the importance of understanding both the benefits and limitations of ODS and emphasizes the necessity for ongoing research in the field of biodiesel production.

Diesel Hydrodesulfurization and its Impact on the Fuel Market in Ecuador: A Review

This article examines the hydrodesulfurization process used to produce diesel with low sulfur content in Ecuador. The analysis covers the level of processing in the country, the quality of domestic diesel compared to other nations, and the technical and economic requirements of the process. It also explores the need to modify or upgrade catalysts to achieve deep hydrodesulfurization.. Unfortunately, the review found that sulfur content in Ecuadorian deposits is very high, with 3.53 MMkg produced in 2018. Despite improvements in the country’s refineries, diesel sulfur content has only been reduced to 110 ppm.. Ecuador regulates sulfur emissions through the Ecuadorian standard NTE INEN-1489 (2012). This norm classifies the fuel into three types, diesel #1 (3000 ppm), diesel #2 (7000 ppm), and premium diesel (500 ppm), following the use of diesel both in the industrial and transportation sectors. However, Ecuador seeks to adjust to countries with stricter regulations, such as the European Union. The standard that regulates sulfur emissions in this community is Euro VI, which limits the concentration to 10 ppm. One of the challenges in achieving international standards in the hydrodesulfurization units of the Ecuadorian refineries is to modify or improve the catalytic systems. Trimetallic catalysts, both supported and unsupported, can help overcome this challenge by decomposing the refractory molecules (e.g., dibenzothiophene and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene) found in deep hydrodesulfurization. These catalysts can handle molecules that commonly used catalysts such as CoMo or MoW cannot. Therefore, proposals such as using trimetallic catalysts to achieve deep hydrodesulfurization levels are techno-economic options for Ecuador.
 Keywords: diesel, sulfur, Ecuador, hydrodesulfurization, refineries, catalyst.

Molecular modeling of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium based ionic liquids for potential applications in the desulfurization of diesel fuel

The sulfur compounds in diesel fuel produce harmful environmental pollutants during combustion. Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) is the most common technique to reduce the sulfur content of diesel fuel but cannot effectively remove aromatic sulfur compounds to produce ultra-low-sulfur diesel. Ionic liquids (ILs) show potential as alternative solvents for extractive desulfurization to be implemented after a conventional HDS process, but the mechanism is not well understood. This work focuses on using a combination of molecular simulation free energy calculations and detailed structural analysis to better understand the molecular-level interactions between dibenzothiophene and seven common imidazolium-based ILs. The free energy calculations suggest that the ILs interact differently with thiophene and dibenzothiophene. No specific interactions were observed between the anion and dibenzothiophene; varying the anion showed no remarkable differences in the observed interactions. It was determined that interactions between dibenzothiophene and the cation were more significant; π-π stacking between the imidazole ring and thiophene ring plus favorable electrostatic interactions between the alkyl chain and benzene rings were observed. The primary goal of this work is to use molecular simulations to complement current experimental research to identify suitable ILs for potential extractive desulfurization applications.

Biodesulfurization Processes for the Removal of Sulfur from Diesel Oil: A Perspective Report

The presence of elevated levels of sulfur in diesel oil results in an increased sulfur content in the process stream, which poses significant risks to human health, animals, the environment, vehicles, and infrastructure. Sulfur is a major contributor to particulate matter (PM) and total PM emissions. The level of pollutants emitted is correlated to the sulfur content in diesel fuel. Consequently, regulations regarding the sulfur content in crude oil products, particularly in diesel oil, have become increasingly stringent. Refiners are working to develop sulfur-free fuels with less than 10 ppm of sulfur. To address the impending threats to human health and the environment, and the impact of climate change on property, eco-friendly desulfurization techniques such as biodesulfurization (BDS) are being explored. Several bacterial species have been identified for the BDS of diesel oil, but extensive studies are needed to fully understand the mechanism. Further research on BDS is also required to make it more attractive and competitive in industrial applications. Combining BDS with other technologies for the desulfurization of diesel oil can potentially reduce operating costs and improve resource allocation, making this innovation a viable option for industry.

Quantitative and qualitative prediction of sulfur content in diesel by near infrared spectroscopy

This study explored the application of near infrared spectroscopy for quantitative and qualitative prediction of sulfur content in diesel fuel in the range of 10.3–1038.0 mg kg−1. The original spectra were preprocessed through various methods such as decentralization, normalization, multivariate scattering correction, and a smoothing (15-point window with second order polynomial fit). The performances of models based on partial least squares (PLS) regression, the bootstrapping soft shrinkage (BOSS), competitive adaptive reweighted sampling and Monte Carlo uninformative variable elimination algorithms in quantitative analysis of diesel samples were compared. The model for quantitative prediction of sulfur content in diesel samples using the BOSS-PLS algorithm had the highest performance and accuracy with a RMSEP of 36.20 mg kg−1 and r2 of 0.98 using a Savitzky-Golay second derivative. Diesel fuel samples were classified into five groups according to the sulfur content for qualitative analysis. The interval PLS method was then used to determine the characteristic spectra of the diesel samples. The experimental results indicated that the discriminant partial least squares qualitative analysis model had the highest performance with the characteristic spectrum from 12,493 to 10,892 cm−1, with 92.04% accuracy.

Reducing the Effect of High Sulfur Content in Diesel Fuel on NO x Emissions and PM Characteristics Using a PPCI Mode Engine and Gasoline-Diesel Blends.

Recently, high sulfur content in diesel fuel is one of the main problems that have an effect on combustion and emission characteristics. Iraq is one of many countries in the world that use diesel fuel with high sulfur content. Therefore, the partially premixed combustion ignition (PPCI) concept and different blend ratios of gasoline–diesel (GD30, GD40, and GD50) were suggested in this study to reduce the sulfur content in the fuel, improve the engine performance, and reduce the exhaust emissions. The combined effect of adding gasoline to the diesel fuel and manipulating the fuel injection timings can lead to better and clean combustion. For the same engine operating conditions, it is found that the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) decreases during the combustion of GD blends in comparison with diesel fuel. Furthermore, the results of using GD blends showed a small reduction in brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) compared to the conventional diesel fuel. The exhaust gas temperature reduces from the combination effect of PPCI mode and GD blends, which in turn decreases the NOx emission concentration under variable conditions of engine loads and speeds. It is indicated that the NOx emissions significantly decreased during the combustion of GD30, GD40, and GD50 blends by 25.94, 50.9, and 84%, respectively, in comparison with diesel fuel. In addition, higher reduction in CO and HC formation was obtained during the combustion of conventional fuel in comparison with the combustion of GD blends. The results showed that the number and concentration of PM reduced more when using GD blends and PPCI mode. The average particle diameter (dp) decreased from the combustion of GD blends in comparison with diesel fuel. The particle diameter of the GD blend was varied from 25 to 26 nm compared to those of diesel fuel of 35 and 36 nm under the same engine operating conditions. Reducing the sulfur content in GD blends contributed to a clear reduction in SO2 and H2S emissions by 57.85 and 50.12%, respectively.

Commercial Vehicles in Delhi: Diesel Demand and Sulphur Emission

The aim of this paper is to estimate the future growth of commercial vehicles (passenger vehicles and goods vehicles) and to project the subsequent increase in diesel demand and the level of sulphur dioxide emissions in Delhi. Using an S-curve growth model on the data set of auto rickshaws, taxis, buses, and goods vehicles from 1965-66 to 2005-06, a long-term trend in the growth of commercial vehicles is projected to the year 2020-21. By 2020-21, the number of commercial vehicles is expected to increase to 0.51 million, with an increase in the share of goods vehicles and a simultaneous decrease in the share of passenger vehicles. The growth of commercial vehicles will boost the demand for diesel in 2020-21 by 68 percent, thus resulting in a threefold increase in sulphur dioxide emissions. The conversion of goods vehicle engines from diesel to CNG (compressed natural gas) will reduce diesel demand and sulphur dioxide levels significantly. A reduction of sulphur content in diesel can further reduce sulphur dioxide emissions.

Photoelectric and diffusion charging measurements of fine particulate air pollution along the main roads of the city of Madrid from 1999 to 2021

In this work, the evolution of the fine particulate air pollution (of size below one μm) produced by the vehicles when driving along several roads of Madrid is studied. Measurements were taken with portable near real-time sensors of Diffusion Charging (DC) and Photoelectric Charging (PC) while driving along the roads. The obtained measurement profiles basically consist of spikes when measuring in the exhaust plumes of preceding vehicles and a background level of mixed aged exhaust that forms when high traffic intensity exist. The DC sensor measures air concentration of the particles Total Active Surface (TAS) and the PC sensor was calibrated to measure the air concentration of Particle bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PPAH). The amount of adsorbed PAH per active surface (the PC/DC ratio) is a measure of particles toxicity. Both sensors are sensible to ultra-fine particles of size below 0.1 μm. The measured median values of DC and PC, for the years 1999, 2001, 2005, 2006, 2016, 2017, 2020 and 2021, are plotted as well as their median PC/DC ratio. Examples of measurement profiles are also shown including measurements during COVID-19 driving restrictions. During these restrictions, we could conclude that our measured particulate air pollution of fine and ultrafine particles is caused by “polluting-vehicles” still coexisting in the vehicle fleet of Madrid, which do not fulfill the latest Euro standard because they are too old or have no/malfunctioning catalytic converter and/or diesel particle filter (DPF). The changes of the measured median of the DC and PC values are discussed based on already known results of implemented vehicle technologies for reducing emissions, the evolution of the vehicle fleet fulfilling the increasingly demanding Euro standards, the traffic count, the PC and DC working principles, the evolution of the exhaust emission when exiting the pipe, and on the sulfur content reductions in diesel. The main factors that allowed the large reduction of the median values of both DC and PC (from 1167 ± 57 mm2/m3 and 990 ± 54 ng/m3 in 1999 to 263 ± 14 mm2/m3 and 124 ± 7 ng/m3 in 2021 respectively) as well as the changes in the PC/DC ratio was, according to our findings, the diesel sulfur content reduction and the implementation of the Diesel Oxidation Catalysis (DOC) and the DPF.

Synthesis of alumina-nitrogen-doped carbon support for CoMo catalysts in hydrodesulfurization process

More stringent environmental legislation imposes severe requirements to reduce the sulfur content in diesel to ultra-low levels with high efficient catalysts. In this paper, a series of CoMo/[email protected] catalysts were synthesized by combination of the chemical vapor deposition of nitrogen-doped carbon (NDC) using 1,10-phenanthroline and co-impregnation of Mo and Co active components. The optimal catalyst with additive of 25% 1,10-phenanthroline was screened by a series of property characterization and the hydrodesulfrization (HDS) active test. The amount of “CoMoS” active phase of the optimal CoMo/C3 catalyst increased 5.3% as compared with the CoMo/γ-Al2O3. The introduction of NDC improved the sulfidation degree of Mo by 21.8% as compared to the CoMo/γ-Al2O3 catalyst, which was beneficial to form more active sites. The HDS conversion of the NDC supported catalysts are higher than CoMo/γ-Al2O3 whether for the dibenzothiophene (DBT) or 4,6-dimethyl dibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT). Further hydroprocessing evaluation with Dagang diesel revealed that the CoMo/C3 catalyst possessed higher HDS property and the removal rate of DBTs in the diesel increased by 4%–11% as compared to the CoMo/γ-Al2O3 catalyst.

Influence of Sulfur and Additives on Wear of Exhaust Valve Seat of Cylinder Head

In this paper, taking a certain type of high-power diesel engine exhaust valve abnormal wear phenomenon as an example, we conduct research on the exhaust valve surface micromorphology characteristics, contact surface accumulation products, additive transition layer, and combustion test. These passed diesel sulfur content comparative test, diesel additive composition analysis, and high-sulfur-content and low-sulfur-content diesel and diesel oil additive action test. At present, there is no authoritative research on the influence of sulfur content in diesel on valve seat wear of high-power diesel engines, and the protection mechanism of diesel additives on the valve seat is not clear. The sulfur in diesel, like the lead in gasoline, has long been known to resist wear in the valve seats of high-power diesel engines; just as gasoline additives compensate for the loss of lead, diesel oil additives seem to compensate for the loss of sulfur. Tests show that a uniform carbon deposition layer is formed on the contact surface after the diesel is burned, and the carbon deposition layer is more densely and uniformly adsorbed on the contact surface under the action of diesel additives to form an antiwear layer. Tests also show that the sulfur in diesel has no effect on the wear resistance of the valve seat.

Oxidative Desulfurization of Diesel from the Topping Plant using 1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium Hydrogen Sulfate [Bmim][HSO4] as Catalyst

This investigation was carried out with the purpose of reducing the sulphur content in diesel from the topping plant and avoiding air pollution, due to the presence of SOx in the emissions, at the same time reduced the corrosion rate in the equipment, machinery or mechanical components of the industry. An oxidative desulphurization (ODS) process was carried out with ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium hydrogen sulfate [BMIM][HSO4]) that serves as a solvent and catalyst. H2O2 (30 % wt) was used as an oxidizing agent, because it is benign to the environment. A maximum of 43.14% removal was obtained at a volumetric ratio VIL/Vdiesel (1:1), molar ratio H2O2/S (5) and reaction time (2 hours). In addition, the IL was evaluated after subjecting it to a regeneration process, being able to recycle it only once until it is saturated again; also the physical-chemical properties of diesel were studied before and after of exposed it to the ODS process.

Prediction of sulfur content in diesel fuel using fluorescence spectroscopy and a hybrid ant colony - Tabu Search algorithm with polynomial bases expansion

It is widely accepted that feature selection is an essential step in predictive modeling. There are several approaches to feature selection, from filter techniques to meta-heuristics wrapper methods. In this paper, we propose a compilation of tools to optimize the fitting of black-box linear models. The proposed AnTSbe algorithm combines Ant Colony Optimization and Tabu Search memory list for the selection of features and uses l1 and l2 regularization norms to fit the linear models. In addition, a polynomial combination of input features was introduced to further explore the information contained in the original data. As a case study, excitation-emission matrix fluorescence data were used as the primary measurements to predict total sulfur concentration in diesel fuel samples. The sample dataset was divided into S10 (less than 10 ​ppm of total sulfur), and S100 (mean sulfur content of 100 ​ppm) groups and local linear models were fit with AnTSbe. For the Diesel S100 local models, using only 5 out of the original 1467 fluorescence pairs, combined with bases expansion, we were able to satisfactorily predict total sulfur content in samples with MAPE of less than 4% and RMSE of 4.68 ​ppm, for the test subset. For the Diesel S10 local models, the use of 4 Ex/Em pairs was sufficient to predict sulfur content with MAPE 0.24%, and RMSE of 0.015 ​ppm, for the test subset. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed methodology was able to satisfactorily optimize the fitting of linear models to predict sulfur content in diesel fuel samples without need of chemical of physical pre-treatment, and was superior to classic PLS regression methods and also to our previous results with ant colony optimization studies in the same dataset. The proposed AnTSbe can be directly applied to data from other sources without need for adaptations.

Determining the lowest sulfur detection limit in diesel fuel by ultraviolet fluorescence

This technical review article focuses on determining a robust and precise lower-level sulfur detection procedure. When measuring under 0.1 ppm and approaching zero values, the limits of the instrument are pushed to separate real signal response from noise. One of the performance parameters in method validation studies is to determine these near-zero value samples reliably when the instrument works near the noise signal level. The study examined the early stages of the method development process, regarding the determination of the validation parameters limit of blank, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ). The sulfur content in diesel fuel was determined with guidance from the standard ISO 20846:2011. The average sulfur readings of a diesel test sample and blank (99% iso-octane) were measured as 3.9 and 0.0196 ppm, respectively. For a 1.5% diluted diesel test sample the mean sulfur value was measured as 0.0613 ppm and this value was verified as the LOD. For a 3% diluted diesel test sample the mean sulfur value was measured as 0.1158 ppm and this result was verified as the LOQ. The LOD and LOQ were tested for conformity. The accuracy of these tested values was checked according to EUROCHEM guidelines.

A new database of on-road vehicle emission factors for Colombia: A case study of Bogotá

Mobile sources contribute directly or indirectly with most of the atmospheric emissions in Colombian cities. Quantification of mobile source emissions rely on emission factors (EF) and vehicle activity. However, EF for vehicles in the country have not evolved at the same time as fleet renovation and fuel composition changes in the last few years. In fact, estimated EF before 2010 may not reflect the reduction of sulfur content in diesel and the renovation and deterioration of passenger vehicles; therefore, emission levels may be over or under estimated. To account for these changes, we have implemented the MOVES model in Bogota and obtained a new database of on-road vehicle emission factors. For this purpose, local information of activity rates, speed profiles, vehicle population distribution and age, meteorology and fuel composition was used. Emissions were estimated with these new set of EF and compared with previous inventories. We observed large reductions in SO2 (-87%), CO (-65%) and VOC (-62%) emissions from mobiles sources and lower reductions in NOx (-20%). Other pollutants such as PM2.5 (+15%) and CO2 (+28%) reported increases. This paper includes a new database of on-road vehicle emission factors for Bogota, which can be applied in other Colombian cities in the absence of local data.

Artificial Neural Network Prediction of Sulfur Content of Diesel fuel from its Physical Properties

The sulfur content is important in engineering calculations, so this study has two major purposes. The first purpose of the study is to predict the sulfur content from its physical properties by using artificial neural network to decrease time and cost spent on experimental analysis of sulfur content, and the second purpose is to find the simplest formula to predict the sulfur content. Artificial Neural Network is applied as a black-box type modelling for sulfur content prediction of diesel fuel. The experimental data used in this study is obtained from Erbil power station. In this study, the Levenberg-Marquardt training algorithm is used to train the neural network and to predict the sulfur content. It was observed that the ANN model can predict the sulfur content of diesel quite well with correlation coefficient (R) 0.9813. The prediction Mean Square Error was between the targets values and the outputs values were obtained 0.000339 by the matlab software. The findings obtained in this study indicated that the designed neural network performs quite well in the prediction of sulfur content of diesel fuel from its physical properties.

Evaluation of desulfurization activity of SPION nanoparticle-coated bacteria in the presence of magnetic field

Sulfur content in diesel fuel is an environmental concern because sulfur is converted to sulfur oxides (Sox) during combustion, which not only contributes to acid rain, but poisons the catalytic converter for exhaust emission treatment. Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) method, a conventional procedure used for desulfurization of petroleum, is not efficient for desulfurization of aromatic components such as dibenzothiophene (DBT). However, biological processes require relatively mild conditions (low pressures and low temperatures) and also in BDS bacteria are able to uptake the sulfur without breaking the structure of the compounds which results in maintaining the value of fuel. In this study, functionalized magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized and coated on Rhodococcus erythropolis IGTS8 cells to evaluate the biodesulfurization activity. Fe3O4 nanoparticles and silica-coated magnetite nanoparticles were synthesized. The morphology and properties of the synthesized nanoparticles were examined by SEM, FT-IR, XRD, DLS and zeta potential measurements. In the next stage, the bacterial cells were coated with nanoparticles and the desulfurizing activity was tested with Gibbs’s assay, HPLC and external magnet field. The results from Gibb’s assay showed that bacteria coated with functionalized nanoparticles have more desulfurization ability compared to that of uncoated bacterial cells. An external magnetic field showed rapid separation of coated bacterial cells from the reaction mixture. Thus, the necessity for a more efficient process is required to enhance the use of bionanotechnology and design a recombinant strain with a stable activity to improve the efficiency of biodesulfurization.

Legislation on Quality and Harmful Emissions. Solid, Liquid and Gaseous Fuels.

With reference to liquid, gaseous and solid fuels in publication 2018-19.03, we have carried out research on European legislation concerning the quality of fuels and the emission of harmful pollutants into the air. We have been interested in the technical analysis of a fuel by carrying out research on the relevant quantities with which they are characterized: calorific value, combustion temperature, power on temperature, ignition temperature (spontaneous combustion), combustion air, viscosity, calorific value; we carried out studies on the theoretical method for the determination of the calorific value and of the combustion air and of the efficiency of an engine plant, with interest also to some experimental methods. With a view to improving the quality of the atmosphere in respect of sulfur dioxide and other polluting gases, the Community has had to take steps to progressively reduce the sulfur content of diesel used to propel vehicles, including aircraft and ships, and gas oil for heating, industry and ships starting from 1975 with Directive 75/716/EEC which constitutes a first step towards reducing the sulfur content of liquid fuels and concerns only gas oils; with this directive two types of gas oils are defined, type A and type B, in it is given a definition of certain types of fuels containing sulfur with the intention to reduce its content. With Article 1 of the same directive in paragraph 1, diesel oil is defined any petroleum product which, due to its distillation limits, is part of the average distillates intended for use as fuels or fuels and of which at least 85% by volume, including distillation losses, distills at 350 °C; (are also included, in the same definition of gas oils, any petroleum product as defined in subheading 27.10 C I of the Common Customs Tariff, 1 January 1974 edition). In the same article, with diesel type A are defined any low sulfur diesel oil whose use is not subject to restrictions in the Member States; diesel oil Type B any diesel oil intended for use: in areas where the levels of air pollution due to sulfur dioxide, measured at ground level, are sufficiently low.

Experimental survey of temperature, time and cross-linking agent effects on polydimethylsiloxane composite membranes performances in sulfur removal

Four types of the multi composite membranes were fabricated to decrease the sulfur content in diesel fuel, which the investigated polymers are polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polyethyleneglycol (PEG), polyethersulfonic (PES) and cross-linked polyacrylonitrile (PAN) with tetra-ethyl-ortho-silicate (TEOS). The effects of the operating parameters such as the cross-linking temperature (65–85 °C) and cross-linking time (0.5–2.5 h) were studied on the membranes performances. The results showed that the sulfur selectivity of PDMS/PEG/PES/PAN membranes were improved through increasing temperature and time. In addition, most of the total flux and the lowest amount of sulfur in the back flow is related to composite membranes of PEG + PDMS.

Hydrofining and Pour Point Depressing Tandem Technology for Catalyzing Diesel

This paper aims at studying the hydrofining and pour point depressing tandem technology for catalyzing diesel. Through hydrofining oil mixture of MIP diesel and DCC diesel and catalyst, it is found from the experimental data that the catalyst can fully exert its catalytic effect on the hydrofining and pour point depressing tandem process, effectively reducing the sulfur content of diesel.