Sulfide Electrode Research Articles

Synthesis of nickel‑cobalt sulfide electrode materials for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors

Synthesis of nickel‑cobalt sulfide electrode materials for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors

Bimetallic Sulfides Cr0.99V1.8S4 with Loosely Packed Structure: Exploring the Boundary of Conversion and Intercalation Sodium-Ion Storage Mechanism.

Metal sulfide electrodes for sodium-ion batteries face trade-offs among high capacity, fast kinetics, and stability. The challenge lies in breaking and restoring metal-sulfur bonds and allowing rapid ionic transport. Here we explore the boundary of conversion- and intercalation-type metal sulfides to develop ideal sodium-ion storage materials. We focus on sulfides of vanadium and chromium because of their adjacent atomic numbers but different energy storage mechanism. Among various sulfides of vanadium and chromium, a loosely packed bimetallic sulfide, Cr0.99V1.8S4, with cationic vacancies and metallic conductivity (4.28 S m-1), shows optimal sodium-ion storage performance: an initial Coulombic efficiency of 95.6%, a reversible capacity of 551 mAh g-1 at 1.6 C, and maintaining 100% capacity after 600 cycles at a high rate of 16-66 C.

Synthesis and performance evaluation of ZnO/CdS photoanodes with copper sulfide (Cu2S) and carbon counter electrodes

AbstractThe present study demonstrates the synthesis of compact ZnO layers using CdS sensitized on ZnO as a photoanode with copper sulfide (Cu2S) and carbon as a counter electrode (CE). In this study, a compact ZnO layer was fabricated using the simple and low-cost successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method, and Cu2S CE films were synthesized using the chemical bath deposition method. Various characterizations, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), confirmed the formation of ZnO and CdS sensitizations on the ZnO . UV-visible spectroscopy revealed that the bandgaps of the ZnO and Cu2S films were 3.2 and 1.3 eV, respectively. Furthermore, the morphology of the ZnO films was optimized by varying the number of SILAR cycles. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the formation of a nanorod compact layer (CL) and the porous nature of the ZnO photoanode films. However, the porosity increased with the number of SILAR cycles. Various parameters, such as the current density, voltage, fill factor, and efficiency, were measured using the J-V characteristics. The highest 0.85% efficiency was achieved by using the ZnO compact film with 30 SILAR cycles for the Cu2S CE. Furthermore, the study revealed that the Cu2S counter electrode had a higher electrocatalytic response than the carbon CE.

Surface reconstruction of copper(Ⅰ) sulfide electrode regulated electroreduction CO2 selectivity

Surface reconstruction of copper(Ⅰ) sulfide electrode regulated electroreduction CO2 selectivity

(Invited) Synthesis of Structured Transition Metal Sulfide Electrodes Via a Highly Active Sulfur Activation Process for Fast Energy Storage Applications

Transition metal sulfide (TMS) materials exhibit significant potential as high-performance supercapacitor electrodes for rapid charge-discharge cycles. Compared to their oxide counterparts, TMS materials generally show superior electrical conductivities, with the incorporation of sulfur atoms boosting their ionic conductivities.The fabrication and control of the structure and morphology of TMS electrodes are crucial in determining their physical and electrochemical properties for energy storage applications. Typically, the electrochemical efficiency correlates with the interactions between the electrode materials and electrolyte ions at the electrode's surface. Hence, electrodes with an optimally structured morphology can demonstrate enhanced electrochemical performance due to their increased surface area, reduced ion transport distances, and structural integrity. These characteristics contribute to higher specific capacitance, enhanced ion diffusion kinetics, and extended cyclability.Electrochemically active electrode materials are typically created with various micro/nanostructures using different synthetic methods, such as solvo-/hydrothermal synthesis, thermolysis, microwave irradiation, chemical vapor deposition, sputtering, and electrodeposition. These synthetic processes often require extended synthesis times (approximately 12–24 hours), electrochemical deposition and additional heat treatment to transform chemical reactants (above 400°C). Such methods impose significant high-temperature input, voltage damage, or mechanical strain on substrates, rendering them impractical for the industrialization of supercapacitors and likely degrading the practicalbility of diverse substrates. Consequently, identifying an effective method to fabricate electrochemically active electrode materials without thermal heat treatment is important. The low-temperature solution-based synthetic approach has been investigated as a viable alternative for depositing active materials on metal substrates.In this study, we introduce a novel and efficient method for synthesizing hierarchically structured TMS electrodes using a direct exposure approach with a highly reactive sulfide solution. The essence of this synthesis technique lies in the swift interaction between the ammonium sulfide solution and transition metal, wherein the ammonium ions catalyze the liberation of transition metal ions. Subsequently, these released ions react with sulfur ions in the solution, resulting in the formation of TMS materials. By modulating the synthesis conditions, it is possible to engineer TMS electrodes with diverse structures, leading to varying electrochemical properties. This approach offers a simple yet effective pathway to fabricate scalable, hierarchical TMS structures, highlighting the innovative capabilities of the solution-based sulfur activation method for high performance and fast energy storage applications.

Biopolymers as three-dimensional structural binders for nickel-cobalt sulfide supercapacitor electrodes

Biopolymers as three-dimensional structural binders for nickel-cobalt sulfide supercapacitor electrodes

Preparation and electrocatalytic performance of novel-integrated Ni-Mo sulfide electrode materials for water splitting

Preparation and electrocatalytic performance of novel-integrated Ni-Mo sulfide electrode materials for water splitting

Temperature-dependent electrochemical performance of CuS as electrode material for supercapacitor application

Temperature-dependent electrochemical performance of CuS as electrode material for supercapacitor application

Rapid and controllable microwave synthesis of nickel cobalt sulfide electrodes for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors

The efficient and controllable synthesis method of high-performance energy storage electrode materials is crucial for advancing the development of energy storage technologies. Herein, by leveraging microwave heating technology in the sulfidation of nickel cobalt MOF, we effectively enhanced the efficiency of the synthesis process. Notably, sulfidation time emerged as a pivotal factor in tuning the crystalline phase structure and conductive properties of the material, leading to the successful development of NCS2 electrode material with a unique structure through optimized sulfidation conditions. Electrochemical performance tests of the NCS2 material revealed exceptional results; it exhibited a specific capacity of 1311 Fg[Formula: see text] at a current density of 1 Ag[Formula: see text] and retained 73.4% of its initial capacity when the current density increased to 10 Ag[Formula: see text], demonstrating outstanding rate performance. The composite NCS2//AC supercapacitor exhibits an energy density of 24.2 Whkg[Formula: see text] at power density of 800 Wkg[Formula: see text], even though after 1000 consecutive charge-discharge cycles, the capacity retention rate remained high at 77.1%, validating the exceptional stability and reliability of the NCS2 material during cycling. This work employs microwave sulfidation for the rapid and controlled synthesis of nickel cobalt sulfides, providing a green and efficient synthetic strategy for metal sulfide active materials.

Engineered CoS/Ni3S2 Heterointerface Catalysts Grown Directly on Carbon Paper as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for Urea Oxidation

Developing highly efficient and stable electrocatalysts for urea electro-oxidation reactions (UORs) will improve wastewater treatment and energy conversion. A low-cost cobalt sulfide-anchored nickel sulfide electrode (CoS/Ni3S2@CP) was synthesized by electrodeposition in DMSO solutions and found to be highly effective and long-lasting. The morphology and composition of catalyst surfaces were examined using comprehensive physicochemical and electrochemical characterization. Specifically, CoS/Ni3S2@CP electrodes require a potential of 1.52 volts for a 50 mA/cm2 current, confirming CoS in the heterointerface CoS/Ni3S2@CP catalyst. Further, the optimized CoS/Ni3S2@CP catalyst shows a decrease of 100 mV in the onset potential (1.32 VRHE) for UORs compared to bare Ni3S2@CP catalysts (1.42 VRHE), demonstrating much greater performance of UORs. As compared to Ni3S2@CP, CoS/Ni3S2@CP exhibits twofold greater UOR efficiency as a result of a larger electroactive surface area. The results obtained indicate that the synthetic CoS/Ni3S2@CP catalyst may be a favorable electrode material for managing urea-rich wastewater and generating H2.

Self-supported V–Cu2S catalysts for green hydrogen production through alkaline water electrolysis

Self-supported V–Cu2S catalysts for green hydrogen production through alkaline water electrolysis

Optimisation of Mo doping to form NiCoMo ternary sulphides for high performance charge storage.

Multi-component synergy and the rational design of structures are effective methods for preparing electrode materials for high-performance energy storage devices. Transition metal-based hydroxides offer advantages such as a large specific surface area, large interlayer spacing, multiple redox states, and high theoretical capacity, making them commonly used as positive materials for supercapacitors. However, challenges like low conductivity and severe agglomeration limit their practical application. This study focuses on the preparation of Ni, Co, and Mo ternary transition metal hydroxides by incorporating the Mo element to optimize their structure. Furthermore, sulfide ions were utilized in an ion exchange process to replace hydroxides, resulting in the formation of NiCoMo ternary sulfide electrode materials. By adjusting the amount of Mo added, a spherical nanoneedle-shaped N2C1MS0.2-2 electrode material was successfully synthesized. This electrode exhibited a specific capacity of 2094 F g-1 at a current density of 1 A g-1. In addition, an asymmetric supercapacitor was assembled with activated carbon as the negative electrode and N2C1MS0.2-2 as the positive electrode, which had an energy density of 46.2 W h kg-1 at a power density of 800 W kg-1, a capacity retention of 89.7% and a coulombic efficiency of 97.8% after 10 000 cycles. This study provides a reference for the design and preparation of ternary sulphide electrode materials.

Interface Engineering of Transition Metal-Based Heterostructure Electrocatalysts for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Electrochemical water splitting to produce clean hydrogen plays a significant role in the development of the hydrogen economy. The rational design of highly efficient and inexpensive electrocatalysts is critical for improving water electrolysis efficiency. Herein, we report the fabrication of heterostructure monometallic, bimetallic, and trimetallic sulfides on Ni foam (NF) as porous self-supported electrodes for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) via an energy-saving electrodeposition process. Molybdenum-cobalt-nickel sulfide electrode (MoCoNiS@NF) only requires a low overpotential of 114 mV to produce a current density of 10 mA cm-2 for HER, compared with nickel sulfides (NiS@NF, 142 mV) and cobalt-nickel sulfides (CoNiS@NF, 129 mV). The desirable HER performance of MoCoNiS@NF results from the synergistic effect of heterostructure interfaces of multi-metal sulfides, providing high intrinsic catalytic activity and a large amount of catalytic active sites. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Tafel slope analysis proved the fast reaction kinetics of MoCoNiS@NF toward HER. Our present work provides valuable insights into the working mechanisms behind the HER catalytic process and new perspectives for the future design of cost-effective electrocatalysts for HER.

N-doped MoS2@indium tin oxide (ITO) core–shell nanowires for high-performance ammonium ion micro-supercapacitor

Ammonium (NH4+) ion aqueous supercapacitors have gained significant attention due to their notable cost-effectiveness, safety profile, and environmental benefits. Despite this, the optimization of the capacitive performance of electrode materials for NH4+ ion storage remains inadequate. To tackle these challenges, we present a composite electrode depend upon molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and indium tin oxide nanowires (MoS2@ITO NWs) as the primary host for (NH4+) ions. Additionally, we introduce a straightforward radio frequency nitrogen (N) plasma technique to incorporate nitrogen doping into the MoS2 film, thereby enhancing its performance. The introduction of N plasma doping into two-dimensional MoS2 results in an expansion of the interlayer distance and an improvement in electronic conductivity. This, in turn, facilitates the facile and highly reversible insertion and extraction of NH4+ ions during cycling. Consequently, the N plasma doping significantly enhances the device areal capacitance of MoS2@ITO NWs, increasing it from 78.6 to 161.8 mF cm−2 at 1 mA cm−2, with an exceptional capacity retention (>89.2% after 10 000 cycles) and superior rate capability up to 10 mA cm−2. The integration N of atoms within the straightforward hierarchical core–shell design strategy exhibits promising prospects for bolstering the performance of metal sulfide electrodes and other high-capacity electrode materials aimed at energy storage applications.

Porous-structured FeS2@C nanoparticles prepared from spent LiFePO4 cathodes with excellent rate performance for potassium-ion batteries

Porous-structured FeS2@C nanoparticles prepared from spent LiFePO4 cathodes with excellent rate performance for potassium-ion batteries

Research Progress in the Preparation of Transition Metal Sulfide Materials and Their Supercapacitor Performance.

Transition metal sulfides are widely used in supercapacitor electrode materials and exhibit excellent performance because of their rich variety, low price, and high theoretical specific capacity. At present, the main methods to prepare transition metal sulfides include the hydrothermal method and the electrochemical method. In order to further improve their electrochemical performance, two aspects can be addressed. Firstly, by controllable synthesis of nanomaterials, porous structures and large surface areas can be achieved, thereby improving ion transport efficiency. Secondly, by combining transition metal sulfides with other energy storage materials, such as carbon materials and metal oxides, the synergy between different materials can be fully utilized. However, future research still needs to address some challenges. In order to guide further in-depth research, it is necessary to combine the current research-derived knowledge and propose a direction for future development of transition metal sulfide electrode materials.

Understanding the supercapacitive properties and charge storage dynamics of MnCo2S4 bimetallic sulfide electrodes synthesized via a single-step hydrothermal process

Understanding the supercapacitive properties and charge storage dynamics of MnCo2S4 bimetallic sulfide electrodes synthesized via a single-step hydrothermal process

Cu-doped NiCo2S4/Kochia biomass porous carbon electrode material with high performance for hybrid supercapacitors

Cu-doped NiCo2S4/Kochia biomass porous carbon electrode material with high performance for hybrid supercapacitors

Design of Metal Sulfide Electrode for Hydrogen Production by Electrolysis

Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is the cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction in electrolytic cell, but the hydrogen evolution catalytic properties of electrode materials best remains is the precious metal catalyst, therefore, in order to study the catalytic performance is good, and cheap hydrogen evolution electrode materials has become the research hot spot, metal sulfide can be mixed and with good electrical conductivity is it can be used as a necessary condition for hydrogen evolution electrode, The core theory of this paper is the first principle. By taking metal sulfide as the matrix and doping it with 10 metal group elements, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn, we obtained the configuration of 20 metal sulfide by doping it at two different sites of S atom, and inlaid H atom into metal atom. Then, through the use of software to study its catalytic performance, through the free energy analysis, rate analysis, bond length analysis, density of states analysis, charge analysis method, compared and found the most suitable doping metal element V, thus also determined that metal sulfide can be used as hydrogen evolution electrode through metal doping.

Effect of sulfidation on ethaline-assisted electrodeposited iron sulfide-based electrocatalyst for efficient saline water splitting

Effect of sulfidation on ethaline-assisted electrodeposited iron sulfide-based electrocatalyst for efficient saline water splitting