Suitable Constructions Research Articles

LUSTER’S LOST QUARTER

It is ten years since South Africa, emerging out of the darkness of 340 years of colonial conflict, became a new democratic republic. At the swearing in of the new National Assembly in 1994 Desmond Tutu declared: “We are of many cultures, languages, and races have become one nation. We are the rainbow people of God.” Subsequently at his own inauguration President Mandela resorted to the same affective rhetoric: “We enter into a covenant that we shall build the society in which all South Africans, both black and white, will be able to walk tall, without any fear in their hearts, assured of their inalienable right to human dignity—a rainbow nation at peace with itself and the world.” In the circumstances it is little wonder that reconciliation has achieved the status of a new state doctrine and religion. It is also highly unlikely that cultural works that question the veracity of the evidence could ever win a prize in our post‐apartheid republic. In this article, I read South African identities through the prism of works of literature, as products of two societies which uncannily resemble each other: Faulkner’s American South and Coetzee’s South Africa. I explore the notion that identities are constructed by, among other things, an attachment to a particular space, to land; by our relation to each other through race and class, and through access to an inner psychic space available in our domestic arrangement. In this manner our identities are formed, confirmed, or jettisoned in favour of more suitable constructions.

Suitable roof constructions for warm climates—Gazimağusa case

This research aims to find the suitable roof constructions for warm climates. The research has been carried out at Gazimağusa, North Cyprus. With the limited research budget 14 different roof constructions were selected and tested on a test house. These constructions included the types which are widely used in Cyprus and also the new ones. The roof constructions were tested under continuously air-conditioned and non-acclimatised regimes. They were also tested for the risk of condensation. Most of the research on similar aspects were done in terms of energy loss and gain. This research has been designed to study the roof constructions in terms of thermal comfort of the users. Naturally, the roof constructions which have the highest thermal resistance will result in lowest heat gain and loose. In this study instead of finding the roof constructions which gain the least amount of heat during the hottest days of summer or the ones which loose the least amount of heat during the coldest days of winter, it was aimed to find how much they provide thermal comfort throughout the year. In this respect, the roofs with thermal insulation showed the best performance. The location of the thermal insulation materials towards the inner surface of the section increased the performance. Inclined timber roof constructions on reinforced concrete ceiling save the buildings from solar bombarding in summer. However, to prevent the humidity accumulated, the attic space should be very well ventilated. On flat roofs, not only the thermal resistance of the roof section, but also the light reflectance of outside surface materials effected the thermal performance. Outside surface materials with very high light reflectance reduced heat gain in summer considerably. In buildings which are air conditioned in summer, there is condensation risk. The defects due to this condensation can be avoided by the use of thermal insulation materials which are not effected from water. There is also condensation risk for winter. However, it was found that this condensation can dry if the building is ventilated.

Liquid phase epitaxy processed coated conductors on metal tapes

Influence of the buffer material addition to the liquid for the YBa 2Cu 3O y (Y123) growth in liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) process and the suitable constructions of the LPE coated conductors were investigated for both MgO- and NiO-saturated systems. In the MgO-saturated system, influence of MgO addition to the liquid was negligible in Y-solubility in liquid and the peritectic temperature ( T p) value. The double layered LPE films of YBa 2Cu 3O y layer on YBa 2(Cu,Mg) 3O y layer, which were grown from MgO-saturated liquid, was grown on the Hastelloy tape with an MgO buffer layer. However, the growth of the second layer was unstable. It was found that the partial melting back of the first layer during dipping of the second layer growth is the reason for the unstable growth of the second layer. The problem was solved by lowering the growth temperature for the second layer than that of first layer due to selection of RE in RE123. On the other hand, NiO-addition made T p of the Y123 phase decrease and the crystallization temperature increase. This means that the possible temperature range for stable growth of the YBa 2(Cu,Ni) 3O y phase becomes narrow due to NiO addition. This problem was also solved by the selection of RE element in RE123 with high T p. The double layered construction was confirmed using Y123(LPE)/Sm123-Ni(LPE)/NiO/Ni. Consequently, the suitable constructions for each system were developed.

Abstract and behaviour module specifications

The theory of algebraic module specifications and modular systems was developed initially mainly on the basis of equational algebraic specifications. We show that it is in fact almost independent of what kind of underlying specification framework is chosen. More specifically, we present a formulation where this framework appears as an indexed category or, equivalently, specification frame. The ensuing theory is called the theory of abstract module specifications. We are able to prove main results concerning the correctness and compositionality of abstract module specifications in a purely categorical way, assuming the existence of pushouts of morphisms between abstract specifications that allow model amalgamation, functor extension and/or suitable free constructions. Then, by instantiating the theory of abstract module specifications to the behaviour specification frame in the sense of Nivela and Orejas, we obtain a theory of behaviour module specifications.

An alternative construction of interleaved RLL codes for partial response channels using multichannel methods

Current work in magnetic recording channels has demonstrated significant improvement in recording density using partial response communication methods along with maximum likelihood detection. The class IV partial response channel (PR4) behaves as the interleaving of two identical run-length limited (RLL) channels. Efficient recording codes for the PR4 channel have been made by considering a channel bit sequence to be composed of two interleaved subsequences. Finite state techniques are used to describe run-length constraints on each subsequence as well as a global run-length constraint on both sequences combined. A recent paper by Swanson and Wolf discusses multichannel run-length limited codes that turn out to be very similar to interleaved run-length limited codes. The present paper discusses the similarities between the code description of multichannel RLL codes and the interleaved RLL codes required by the PR4 channel. The extension of the techniques of multichannel RLL work to the interleaved problem is discussed. It was found that suitable code constructions are possible by viewing the problem as two distinct RLL codes that have individual maximum run-lengths onto which a global run-length is imposed. Two examples are developed to illustrate the ideas.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

MR Sensor for Magnetic Encoder

Recent work on magnetoresistive elements for use in magnetic encoders is reviewed. Magnetic encoders are often used as position and speed detectors in motor control systems. They have attracted attention because of their durability in dirty environments, their low temperature dependence, excellent shock resistance, and compatibility with a wide variety of designs. Much of the current work on such detectors aims at high resolution using smaller equipment. In studying suitable constructions for such detectors, the magnetoresistive elements must be considered.

Black Street Speech: Its History, Structure, and Survival

Preface 1. Introduction: Street Speech as a Social Dialect 2. The Birth of Black Street Speech 3. Street Speech and Formal Speech: Linguistic Survival in Black and White Societies 4. The Scholar and the Street: Collecting the Data 5. Specialized Lexical Marking and Alternation Code Switching versus Style Shifting Topic-Related Shifting Syllable Contraction and Expansion Variable Forestressing of Bisyllabic Words Hypercorrection Lexical Summary 6. Unique Grammatical Usage Locating Suitable Examples Syntactic Constructions and Their Functions Grammatical Summary 7. Phonological Variation Suffix /-s/ Variation Consonant Cluster Reduction Is and Are Variation Postvocalic /r/ Variation Summary of Phonological and Morphological Variation 8. Educational Insights 9. Impediments to Employability 10. Dynamic Black Speech: A Nonideal Linguistic State Bibliography Index

Analytic foliations and the theory of levels

Let M be a closed n-manifold, ~ a transversely orientable, real-analytic foliation of M by' leaves of dimension n 1. In this note, we establish a basic structure theorem (5.1) for such foliations, obtaining as a corollary (5.2) a result about growth types in real-analytic foliations that was announced in [C-C2, (6.13)]. This growth result has also been announced by Tsuchiya ITs, (5.1)] and is known, independently, by Hector. Hesitancy about publishing this material, at least on the part of the present authors, was due to a fear that the general structure theorem (5.1) might be practically empty. Indeed, that theorem describes the "architecture" of (transversely) analytic foliations via the theory of levels [C-C1], and no examples were known of such foliations with leaves at levels greater than 1. Now, however, by methods of Hirsch [Hi], it is quite easy to show that most of the structure allowed by (5.t) does, in fact, occur. We describe suitable constructions in Sect. 7. We assume familiarity with the theory of levels in C z foliations I-C-C1, C-C2]. In particular, we recall the following.

Studies on continuous coulometric titration: II. Working conditions for the automatic coulometric titrator

With a view towards obtaining good stability in recording the electrolytic current, transient phenomena of the titrator were studied. The electrolytic current was found to be more dependent on the concentration of the component to be determined, if the voltage applied to the circuit of the indicator electrode approached the equivalent voltage, and also if the sensitivity of the amplifier increased. Finally, the most suitable constructions of the electrolytic and titration cells are shown.