Suicidal Behavior Research Articles

Digital Platform for the Prevention of Suicidal Behaviour and Non-Suicidal Self-Injuries in Adolescents: The SmartCrisis-Teen Study Protocol.

Suicidal behavior and Non-Suicidal Self-Injuries (NSSIs) are a major health problem in the adolescent population. New technologies can contribute to the development of innovative interventions in suicide prevention. Here, we present the SmartCrisis-Teen study protocol. The study consists of a randomized clinical trial which aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a digital safety plan to prevent suicidal behavior and NSSIs in adolescents. This is a multicentric study which will be conducted among the adolescent population, both in clinical and student settings, with a target sample of 1080 participants. The intervention group will receive an Ecological Momentary Intervention (EMI) consisting of a digital safety plan on their mobile phone. All participants will receive their Treatment As Usual (TAU). Participants will be followed for six months, with weekly and monthly telephone visits and face-to-face visits at three and six months. Participants will be assessed using traditional questionnaires as well as Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) and Implicit Association Tests (IATs). With this intervention, we expect a reduction in NSSIs through the acquisition of coping strategies and a decrease in suicidal behavior over the course of follow-up. This study provides a novel, scalable digital intervention for preventing suicidal behavior and NSSIs in adolescents, which could contribute to improving adolescent mental health outcomes globally.

Emotion word repertoire in the adult attachment interview is linked to reduced suicide attempts in patients with borderline personality disorder

BackgroundThis study explored the association between emotion word repertoire (EWR), attachment, reflective functioning and personality organization (PO) and suicidal behavior in borderline personality disorder (BPD) patients. MethodsThe current study performed a secondary data analysis from a randomized control trial for BPD patients (all female; n = 87; age: m = 27; SD = 7.42). EWR was assessed via machine-scoring transcripts of Adult Attachment Interviews (AAI) for affective words using the VETA electronic scoring software for the Levels of Emotional Awareness Scale (LEAS). Generated scores were related to impairments in PO (Structured Interview for Personality Organization; STIPO), attachment organization (AAI) and mentalization (Reflective Functioning Scale), general symptom severity (Brief Symptom Inventory; BSI-53), self-harm and suicidal behavior. Independent effects of the investigated predictors were studied using Bayesian path analysis. ResultsCorrected for education, findings in Bayesian path analysis suggest an independent negative association between EWR and suicide attempts (BE = −.32; 95 % CI [-.51, −.12]) and positive associations of deficits in PO with psychiatric symptoms (BE = .23; 95 % CI [.01, .44]) as well as suicide attempts (BE = .30; 95 % CI [.08, .49]). DiscussionThe findings underscore the potential role of high EWR and PO as a protective factor for suicidal behavior in individuals with BPD.

Longitudinal relationship between parent–child attachment and suicidal ideation in children: Mediating roles of beliefs about adversity and hope

Suicide has been an important topic in recent years, but no previous studies have investigated suicide from the perspective of parent–child attachment and positive psychological qualities. Thus, we aimed to examine the relationship between parent–child attachment and children's suicidal ideation, as well as the mechanism involved. In total, 681 fourth-grade students from three elementary schools in Suzhou, China, were surveyed for two years. The results showed the following. (1) Mother–child attachment directly predicted suicidal ideation in children whereas father–child attachment did not. (2) Mother–child attachment indirectly predicted suicidal ideation in children via beliefs about adversity and hope, and father–child attachment indirectly predicted suicidal ideation in children via beliefs about adversity. (3) Parent–child attachment indirectly predicted suicidal ideation in children through beliefs about adversity (M1) and hope (M2) as a mediator set. Revealing the mechanisms associated with the generation and formation of suicidal ideation in children can help prevent possible future suicidal behaviors in children.

Attitudes of Emergency Department Staff Toward Individuals Who Have Attempted Suicide and Associated Factors.

To determine the attitudes of emergency department (ED) staff toward people who have attempted suicide and the factors associated with these attitudes. This study was conducted between January and February 2023 and included 147 participants working in an ED in a city in Türkiye. Data were collected using a personal information form and the Attitude Scale Towards Attempted Suicide Cases for Evaluating Emergency Medical Teams (ASETSA). Participants' mean years of experience in emergency services was 4.63 years (SD = 3.97 years) and mean perceived level of competence in intervening in suicidal behavior was 6.08 (SD = 2.16). Total mean ASETSA score of participants was 114.68 (SD = 12.31). Factors such as marital status, educational level, profession, working unit, working shift, having received training on how to approach a person who has attempted suicide, existence of a written procedure in the department, years of ED experience, and perceived level of competence in intervening in suicidal behavior were associated with positive attitudes toward people who have attempted suicide. It is recommended that formal education curricula address how to approach people who have attempted suicide, that randomized controlled trials regarding the impact of in-service training be performed, and that studies evaluating the contribution of trainings to improvements in patient outcomes be conducted. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, xx(xx), xx-xx.].

Incorporating the Developmental Considerations in a Proposed Forgiveness Education Intervention for Suicidal Adolescents

This paper first explores the risk factors associated with adolescents’ suicidal thoughts, attempts, and behaviors within different developmental domains and in the environment, using the developmental systems theory (DST). The most frequently identified risk factor for suicide, psychological pain, is examined in terms of its nature, expression, and possible cause. This paper criticizes the current empirical research of suicidal adolescents’ interventions on two issues: (1) lack of concern for fundamental issues in lifespan development and (2) inadequate treatment of the emotional needs resulting from the psychological pain in adolescents. Finally, this paper proposes forgiveness education intervention as targeting the emotional needs, particularly psychological pain, for suicidal adolescents.

‘I Almost Poisoned Myself’: Understanding the Suicidal Behaviors of Female Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence in Ghana*

ABSTRACT Despite growing evidence of an increased risk of suicidality among female survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV), no scientific research has explored this topic in Ghana, where male-partner violence is not uncommon. Using thematic analysis to analyze and synthesize 30 in-depth interviews with female survivors in the Eastern Region of Ghana, this study explored the suicidal behaviors of women in abusive intimate relationships. The findings showed IPV profoundly affected women, exposing them to complex intersecting economic, physical, and psychosocial health problems. Many saw suicide as a solution to their traumatic experiences. The results suggest the need for policymakers to create violence prevention programs and introduce community-based mental health programs, especially those targeting female survivors of violence.

Association of ambient temperature with intentional self-harm and suicide death in Seoul: a case-crossover design with a distributed lag nonlinear model.

Previous epidemiological studies have reported a short-term association between ambient temperature and suicide risk. To gain a clearer understanding of this association, it is essential to differentiate the risk factors for intentional self-harm (ISH) from those specifically associated with suicide deaths. Therefore, this study aims to examine whether the association between daily temperature and ISH or suicide deaths differs by age and sex. Between 2014 and 2019, cases of emergency room visits related to ISH and suicide deaths in Seoul were identified. A time-stratified case-crossover design was used to adjust for temporal trends and seasonal variation. A distributed lag nonlinear model was used to analyze the nonlinear and time-delayed effect of ambient temperature on ISH and suicide deaths. Positive associations were observed between temperature and both ISH and suicide deaths. For ISH, the relative risk (RR) was high at 1.17 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03, 1.34) for a temperature of 25.7°C compared with 14.8°C. The RR for suicide death was higher than those for ISH, at 1.43 (95% CI: 1.03, 2.00) for a temperature of 33.7°C. These associations varied by age and sex, with males and females aged 35-64 years showing increased susceptibility to suicide deaths. This study provides detailed evidence that unusually high temperatures, both anomalous and out of season, may trigger suicidal behaviors, including both ISH and suicide deaths.

Examining community-level protection from Alaska Native suicide: An Indigenous knowledge-informed extension of the legacy of Michael Chandler and Christopher Lalonde.

Chandler and Lalonde broadened the scope of inquiry in suicide research by providing theoretical grounding and empirical support for the role of community, culture, and history in understanding Indigenous youth suicide and reimagining its prevention. Their work pushed the field to consider the intersectional process of individual and collective meaning-making in prevention of Indigenous suicide, together with the central role culture plays in bringing coherence to this process over time. Their innovation shifted the research focus to include the shared histories, contexts, and structures of meaning that shape individual lives and behaviors. We describe here a new generation of research extending their pathbreaking line of inquiry. Recent work aims to identify complex associations between community-level structures and suicidal behavior by collaborating with Alaska Native people from rural communities to describe how community protective factors function as preventative resources in their daily lives. Community engagement and knowledge co-production created a measure of community protection from suicide. Structured interviews with rural Alaska Native community members allowed use of this measure to produce relevant, accessible, and actionable knowledge. Ongoing investigations next seek to describe their mechanisms in shaping young people's lives through a multilevel, mixed-methods community-based study linking community-level protection to protection and well-being of individual youth. These efforts to understand the multiple culture-specific and culturally mediated pathways by which communities build on their strengths, resources, and practices to support Indigenous young people's development and reduce suicide risk are inspired by and expand on Chandler and Lalonde's remarkable legacy.

Adaptation and validation of a suicide-focused Word Sentence Association Paradigm to assess suicide-specific interpretation biases

The cognitive model of suicide proposes that biased cognitive processes contribute to suicidal thoughts and behaviors, and initial evidence suggests that attentional bias to suicide-congruent cues may predict suicidal behavior beyond established clinical risk factors. To date, much less work has explored the potential role of interpretation biases in the development and prediction of suicide risk. The present study assessed the psychometric properties, including reliability, concurrent validity, and predictive validity, of a novel adaptation of the Word Sentence Association Paradigm (WSAP) to assess suicide-suicide interpretation biases. In a sample of 239 psychiatric inpatients, including patients with no recent suicidal ideation or lifetime attempts (n = 35), those with recent suicide attempts (n = 29), and those with recent suicidal ideation (n = 174), participants completed the modified WSAP as well as self-reported suicidal ideation and attempts for the subsequent 6 months. Although the WSAP demonstrated good reliability, evidence of concurrent and prospective validity (in terms of self-reported suicidal ideation and attempts) was limited. Specifically, the clinical groups did not differ from one another on any measure of interpretation bias, nor did suicide-specific interpretation endorsements predict concurrent or future suicidal ideation when controlling for dysphoric interpretation bias. However, suicide-specific interpretation biases were uniquely associated with a history of a lifetime suicide attempt. Future work should further clarify the extent and specificity of the relationship between suicide-specific interpretation biases and clinical outcomes.

Prevalence of current suicidal thoughts and lifetime suicide attempts in individuals with cancer and other chronic diseases in Germany: Evidence for differential associations from a representative community cohort

BackgroundResearch indicates an elevated risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) among individuals with cancer, but community-based studies on the prevalence of STBs in comparison to the general population and other chronic diseases are lacking. MethodsData was drawn from the representative population-based, prospective Gutenberg Health Study (GHS). Participants (N = 12,382; age: M = 59.5, SD = 10.8; 48.9 % women) completed highly standardized medical assessments and validated questionnaires such as the PHQ-9. In addition to prevalence estimates (stratified by STBs and gender), logistic regression models were calculated (controlling for confounders). ResultsThe sample included 1910 individuals with cancer, 8.2 % of whom reported current suicidal thoughts and 2.0 % reported lifetime suicide attempts. There was neither a significant association between a cancer diagnosis and suicidal thoughts (p = .077) nor suicide attempts (p = .17) in models adjusting for age, gender, and income. Other chronic diseases were linked to suicidal thoughts and attempts only in men. LimitationsAlthough the investigation of the two kinds of STB are a strength of the study, the items' different time frames complicate comparisons. In addition, the cross-sectional design limits the ability to understand observed relationships and to identify periods of risk. ConclusionThis study expands the evidence base regarding the vulnerability to STBs in individuals with cancer, including long-term survivors. It highlights their heterogeneity, differential risk factors underlying suicidal thoughts and attempts, and the relevance of other (contextual) factors shaping an individual's susceptibility to suicidal crises.

SUICIDE IDEATION: GENDER AND VARIATION OF CORRELATES AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN NYANZA REGION, KENYA

The prevalence of suicide behavior among university students has been an issue of great concern because of its upward trend. This paper examines suicide ideation in relation to gender and the variation of correlates in different universities among university students in the Nyanza region, Kenya. The objectives of the study were to determine gender differences in relation to suicide ideation and how the correlates vary among individual universities. A correlational research design was employed. Four public universities and university counselors were selected using purposive sampling. Stratified sampling was thereafter employed to select undergraduate students based on their year of study. A sample size table developed by Krejcie and Morgan (1970) was used to select 1477 undergraduate students randomly. Data collection instruments included: a student questionnaire, interview schedule and counseling records. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS V20). Descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages were used and thereafter, quantitative data was analyzed using chi-square and ANOVA. Thematic analysis was used to analyze qualitative data. The findings revealed gender differences in relation to suicide ideation. The findings further revealed that there is variation in sexual abuse, romantic breakup, COVID-19, alcohol addiction, HIV/AIDS, elections and cyber suicide experiences across the universities. However, there is no variation in financial crisis across universities. The study recommends that the university counseling department should equip female students with skills on how to adjust to campus lifestyle without engaging in activities which might end up stressing them. The university should also develop prevention strategies as well as organize follow-up for suicide survivors.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0010/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

The Suicide Prevention and Response Independent Review Committee (SPRIRC): Translating Recommendations Into Actions.

A number of reports over the past 2 decades have provided recommendations for reducing the rate of suicide in the U.S. Armed Forces. Notwithstanding their veracity, few of these recommendations have been fully implemented. At the direction of the Secretary of Defense and the U.S. Congress, a Suicide Prevention and Response Independent Review Committee was formed in 2022, with the mission of reviewing all policies and procedures regarding suicide within the DoD. The Suicide Prevention and Response Independent Review Committee considered over 400 specific recommendations garnered from component offices, military installation visits, and service member focus groups, ultimately making 127 recommendations. The Secretary of Defense then directed the formation of an implementation working group, which assessed these 127 recommendations for feasibility, impact, and required resourcing. After being assessed by the implementation working group, DoD leadership approved 111 total actions to move forward for resource consideration in the formal budget process. These actions aligned to 5 lines of effort focused on reducing suicide behavior throughout the military. Resourcing decisions then determined that 83 of these recommendations would be funded beginning in fiscal year 2025. From an implementation science perspective, broader agency concerns throughout the DoD often are primary barriers to implementing system-wide changes. By making deliberate decisions about prioritizing the most impactful actions, resourcing processes can be informed directly by relevant data. Implementation of recommendations to reduce suicide deaths in the military must go through several deliberative steps in order to be prioritized, funded, and ultimately adopted by the military. As researchers and external stakeholders become more familiar with this process, recommendations for future prevention activities can better overcome barriers to implementation.

Child Maltreatment, Mental Health Disorders, and Health Risk Behaviors in People With Diverse Gender Identities.

This study examined rates of mental health disorders and health risk behaviors in people with diverse gender identities and associations with five types of child maltreatment. We used data from the Australian Child Maltreatment Study (ACMS), a nationally representative survey of Australian residents aged 16 years and more, which was designed to understand the experience of child maltreatment (physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, neglect, exposure to domestic violence). Mental disorders-major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), alcohol use disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and health risk behaviors-smoking, binge drinking, cannabis dependence, self-harm, and suicide attempt in the past 12 months were assessed. People with diverse gender identities who experienced child maltreatment were significantly more likely to have GAD (43.3%; 95% CI [30.3, 56.2]) than those who had experienced child maltreatment who were either cisgender men (13.8%; [12.0, 15.5]) or cisgender women (17.4%; [15.7, 19.2]). Similarly, higher prevalence was found for PTSD (21.3%; [11.1, 31.5]), self-harm (27.8%; [17.1, 38.5]) and suicide attempt (7.2%; [3.1, 11.3]) for people with diverse gender identities. Trauma-informed approaches, attuned to the high likelihood of any child maltreatment, and the co-occurrence of different kinds may benefit people with diverse gender identities experiencing GAD, PTSD, self-harm, suicidal behaviors, or other health risk behaviors.

Comparing suicide risk screening strategies in Spanish-speaking pediatric patients

BackgroundSuicide and suicidal behaviors pose significant global public health challenges, especially among young individuals. Effective screening strategies are crucial for addressing this crisis, with depression screening and suicide-specific tools being common approaches. This study compares their effectiveness by evaluating the Ask Suicide-Screening Questions (ASQ) against item 9 of the Patient Health Questionnaire-A (PHQ-A). MethodsThis study is a secondary analysis of the Argentinean-Spanish version of the ASQ validation study, an observational, cross-sectional, and multicenter study conducted in medical settings in Buenos Aires, Argentina. A convenience sample of pediatric outpatients/inpatients aged 10 to 18 years completed the ASQ, PHQ-A, and Suicide Ideation Questionnaire (SIQ) along with clinical and sociodemographic questions. ResultsA sample of 267 children and adolescents were included in this secondary analysis. Results show that the ASQ exhibited higher sensitivity (95.1%; 95% CI: 83% - 99%) compared to PHQ-A item 9 (73.1%; 95% CI: 57% - 85%), and superior performance in identifying suicide risk in youth. LimitationsThe study included a convenience sampling and was geographically restricted to Buenos Aires, Argentina. The study also lacked longitudinal follow-up to assess the predictive validity of these screening tools for suicide risk. ConclusionThe study highlights the ASQ's effectiveness in identifying suicide risk among youth, emphasizing the importance of specialized screening tools over depression screening tools alone for accurate risk assessment in this population.

Sexual violence, suicide, depression, self-esteem, and satisfaction with life among university students in Spain with a gender perspective: implications for social work

ABSTRACT Current research aims to relate both categories by investigating sexual violence as a risk factor for suicide among college students in Spain (N = 2004). Overall, 13.7% reported having suffered sexual violence in the last year and 3.3% completed sexual penetration. Having suffered sexual violence and lower perceived social support are associated with higher risk of suicidal behaviors. Incorporation of preventive measures against sexual violence in the university environment, as well as the promotion of supportive actions on university campuses in Spain, as well as in other countries. Policy and social work implications are discussed.

An Exploration of LGBTQA+ Young People’s Coping Strategies When Navigating Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors

ABSTRACT LGBTQA+ young people experience suicidal thoughts and behaviors at a much greater rate than their heterosexual and cisgender peers. This study explored firsthand accounts of the coping strategies employed by LGBTQA+ young people when experiencing suicidal thoughts and behaviors. LGBTQA+ young people (N = 27; ages 14–25) in Australia with a history of suicidal thoughts and/or attempts participated in semi-structured interviews. Using reflexive thematic analysis, four major themes were developed: (1) It’s about the journey, not the destination, (2) Connecting with others, (3) When I knew better, I coped better, and (4) Doing the best I can with what I have. LGBTQA+ young people reported utilizing a range of coping strategies, however these were limited by a lack of knowledge around mental health, gender and sexuality diversity, and available resources. Experiences of discrimination within support settings and limited access to clinicians with knowledge of sexuality and gender diversity were cited as significant barriers. Interventions to increase mental health literacy in LGBTQA+ young people and improvements to clinician knowledge of sexuality and gender diversity are needed to enhance LGBTQA+ young people’s access to effective coping strategies when experiencing suicidal thoughts and behaviors.

Suicide Attempt and Suicide Death Among Spouses of Patients With Cancer

Little is known about the risk of suicidal behavior in relation to having a spouse with a cancer diagnosis. To estimate the risk of suicide attempt and suicide death among spouses of patients with cancer. This nationwide cohort study in Denmark collected registry-based data from 1986 through 2016. Analyses were performed from August 8, 2022, to October 30, 2023. Individuals who had a spouse with a cancer diagnosed during 1986 to 2015 were compared with individuals whose spouse did not have a cancer diagnosis during the same period, randomly selected from the general population and matched by birth year and sex. Having a spouse with a cancer diagnosis. Suicide attempt was identified through the Danish National Patient Register and the Danish Psychiatric Central Research Register, whereas suicide death was identified through the Danish Causes of Death Register, through 2016. Flexible parametric and Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for suicide attempt and suicide death among spouses of patients with a cancer diagnosis. The study included 409 338 exposed individuals and 2 046 682 unexposed individuals (median [IQR] age at cohort entry for both groups, 63 [54-70] years; 55.4% women). During the follow-up, 2714 incident cases of suicide attempt among exposed individuals (incidence rate [IR], 62.6 per 100 000 person-years) and 9994 among unexposed individuals (IR, 50.5 per 100 000 person-years) were identified, as well as 711 cases of suicide death among the exposed individuals (IR, 16.3 per 100 000 person-years) and 2270 among the unexposed individuals (IR, 11.4 per 100 000 person-years). An increased risk of suicide attempt (HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.23-1.34) and suicide death (HR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.35-1.60) was observed among spouses of patients with cancer throughout the follow-up. The increased risk was particularly notable during the first year after the cancer diagnosis, with an HR of 1.45 (95% CI, 1.27-1.66) for suicide attempt and 2.56 (95% CI, 2.03-3.22) for suicide death. There was a greater risk increase for both suicide attempt and suicide death when the cancer was diagnosed at an advanced stage or when the spouse died after the cancer diagnosis. These findings suggest a need for clinical and societal awareness to prevent suicidal behaviors among spouses of patients with cancer, particularly during the first year following the cancer diagnosis.

Psychological Characteristics of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder as a Cause of Their Stigmatization and Victimization in Society

The psychological characteristics of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are a significant barrier to their adaptation to society and the realization of their personal potential. There is a shortage of literature reviews on this topic, taking into account research over the past few years on. The basis for the literature review material was 51 foreign sources (of which 100% of the sources were in the last four years from 2020 to 2024, with 21 (41%) sources in 2024). Methods of comparative analysis and synthesis were used in writing the literature review. Modern literature indicates the presence of a complex of psychological characteristics in children with ADHD, which are based on disorders in the cognitive, emotional-volitional and behavioral spheres. In the cognitive sphere of children with ADHD, there are impairments in spatial abilities, decreased working memory, attention deficit and low speed of information processing, which are the cause of specific learning disabilities in more than half of children with ADHD. The most common emotional disturbances in children with ADHD are abnormal symptoms of anxiety, stress, low mood, motivation, and depression. Common behavioral symptoms of ADHD include impulsivity, irritability, suicidal behavior, and deliberate attempts at non-suicidal self-harm. All of these cognitive, emotional and behavioral characteristics of children with ADHD can act as predictors of external stigma, most often expressed by school bullying (victimization), as well as internal stigmatization (low self-esteem). Horse riding, music therapy, group psychodrama, training in magic tricks, etc. are cited as the main modern non-pharmacological means of correcting the symptoms of ADHD.

Multichannel tDCS with advanced targeting for major depressive disorder: a tele-supervised at-home pilot study.

Proof-of-principle human studies suggest that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) may improve depression severity. This open-label multicenter study tested remotely supervised multichannel tDCS delivered at home in patients (N=35) with major depressive disorder (MDD). The primary aim was to assess the feasibility and safety of our protocol. As an exploratory aim, we evaluated therapeutic efficacy: the primary efficacy measure was the median percent change from baseline to the end of the 4-week post-treatment follow-up period in the observer-rated Montgomery-Asberg Depression Mood Rating Scale (MADRS). Participants received 37 at-home stimulation sessions (30 minutes each) of specifically designed multichannel tDCS targeting the left DLPFC administered over eight weeks (4 weeks of daily treatments plus 4 weeks of taper), with a follow-up period of 4 weeks following the final stimulation session. The stimulation montage (electrode positions and currents) was optimized by employing computational models of the electric field generated by multichannel tDCS using available structural data from a similar population (group optimization). Conducted entirely remotely, the study employed the MADRS for assessment at baseline, at weeks 4 and 8 during treatment, and at 4-week follow-up visits. 34 patients (85.3% women) with a mean age of 59 years, a diagnosis of MDD according to DSM-5 criteria, and a MADRS score ≥20 at the time of study enrolment completed all study visits. At baseline, the mean time since MDD diagnosis was 24.0 (SD 19.1) months. Concerning compliance, 85% of the participants (n=29) completed the complete course of 37 stimulation sessions at home, while 97% completed at least 36 sessions. No detrimental effects were observed, including suicidal ideation and/or behavior. The study observed a median MADRS score reduction of 64.5% (48.6, 72.4) 4 weeks post-treatment (Hedge's g = -3.1). We observed a response rate (≥ 50% improvement in MADRS scores) of 72.7% (n=24) from baseline to the last visit 4 weeks post-treatment. Secondary measures reflected similar improvements. These results suggest that remotely supervised and supported multichannel home-based tDCS is safe and feasible, and antidepressant efficacy motivates further appropriately controlled clinical studies. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05205915?tab=results, identifier NCT05205915.

Developmental Assets and Their Relationship to Suicidal Behavior in Mexican Young Adults.

Suicide in young people is a public health problem. Typically, protective factors for suicide are not studied; research tends to focus on measuring risk factors. However, knowing the risk factors does not mean that we also know the opposing factors that influence a group's health problems. For this reason, we examined the relationship between developmental assets in Mexican youth aged 18 to 25 years who are not at risk for suicide, exhibit self-injurious behavior, and whose last suicide attempt had low or high lethality. A cross-sectional study of 478 young people (73% female and 27% male) from Mexico City was conducted using an online survey and correlations were tested with dummy variables (groups) and multinomial logistic regression. The no-risk group showed associations with all developmental assets, the self-injurious group had an association with the house rules variable, the low lethality group was correlated with twelve assets and the high lethality group with four assets. Four internal developmental strengths were significant in the regression model: avoidance of risk behaviors, school expectations, resistance to pressure, and expression of anger. These results suggest that PYD is a useful framework for examining suicide risk and promotes skill development in young college students.