Sugar Levels Research Articles

Hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia in neonatal encephalopathy: A narrative review.

Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) is a serious condition with various neurological dysfunctions in newborns. Disruptions in glucose metabolism, including both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, are common in NE and can significantly impact outcomes. Hypoglycemia, defined as blood glucose below 45 mg/dL, is associated with increased mortality, neurodevelopmental disabilities, and brain lesions on MRI. Conversely, hyperglycemia, above 120 to 150 mg/dL, has also been linked to heightened mortality, hearing impairment, and multiorgan dysfunction. Both aberrant glucose states appear to worsen prognosis compared to normoglycemic infants. Therapeutic hypothermia is the standard of care for NE that provides neuroprotection by reducing metabolic demands and inflammation. Adjunct therapies like glucagon and continuous glucose monitoring show promise in managing dysglycemia and improving outcomes. Glucagon can enhance cerebral blood flow and glucose supply, while continuous glucose monitoring enables real-time monitoring and personalized interventions. Maintaining balanced blood sugar levels is critical in managing NE. Early detection and intervention of dysglycemia are crucial to improve outcomes in neonates with encephalopathy. Further research is needed to optimize glycemic management strategies and explore the potential benefits of interventions like glucagon therapy.

Diabetes Disparities: Addressing Health Inequities and Improving Outcomes in Underserved Populations

Diabetes mellitus, characterized by high blood sugar levels due to insulin deficiency or resistance, is a global public health crisis with significant disparities in prevalence, management, and outcomes, particularly among underserved populations such as racial and ethnic minorities, low-income groups, and rural residents. These populations faced higher rates of diabetes and complications due to social determinants of health, including economic instability, inadequate education, and limited access to healthcare. Barriers such as lack of insurance, transportation challenges, and cultural and linguistic differences further hindered effective diabetes management. Lifestyle and behavioral factors, including diet, physical activity, medication adherence, and mental health, play critical roles in diabetes outcomes. Policy and system-level interventions, such as expanding healthcare coverage, improving access to care, and addressing social determinants of health, are essential to reducing disparities. Technological innovations like telehealth, mobile health applications, wearable devices, and data analytics offered significant potential to enhance diabetes management in underserved populations. This review was conducted using a comprehensive analysis of current literature and existing studies to provide insights into the multifaceted nature of diabetes disparities and to highlight successful interventions and necessary policy changes to improve health outcomes for underserved populations. Addressing these inequities required a multifaceted approach, including community-based interventions, policy reforms, and technological advancements to ensure equitable diabetes care for all. Keywords: Diabetes disparities, Underserved populations, social determinants of health, Healthcare access, Technological innovations.

MLX phosphorylation stabilizes the ChREBP-MLX heterotetramer on tandem E-boxes to control carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.

The heterodimeric ChREBP-MLX transcription factor complex is a key mediator that couples intracellular sugar levels to carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. To promote the expression of target genes, two ChREBP-MLX heterodimers form a heterotetramer to bind a tandem element with two adjacent E-boxes, called Carbohydrate Responsive Element (ChoRE). How the ChREBP-MLX hetero-tetramerization is achieved and regulated, remains poorly understood. Here we show that MLX phosphorylation on an evolutionarily conserved motif is necessary for the heterotetramer formation on the ChoRE and the transcriptional activity of the ChREBP-MLX complex. We identified CK2 and GSK3 as MLX kinases that coordinately phosphorylate MLX. High intracellular glucose-6-phosphate accumulation inhibits MLX phosphorylation and heterotetramer formation on the ChoRE, impairing ChREBP-MLX activity. Physiologically, MLX phosphorylation is necessary in Drosophila to maintain sugar tolerance and lipid homeostasis. Our findings suggest that MLX phosphorylation is a key mechanism for the ChREBP-MLX heterotetramer formation to regulate carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.

Study of Differences in Blood Sugar Levels of Diabetes Mellitus Patients Who Consume Rice Cooked with the Rice Cooker Method and The Steaming Method

The 2023 Indonesian Health Survey Report issued by the Ministry of Health revealed that there was an increase in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in the population aged over 15 years based on the results of blood sugar level measurements. In the 2018 Basic Health Research, it was recorded that the prevalence of diabetes in Indonesia reached 10.9%. Now, the prevalence has reached 11.7% in 2023. The Aceh Health Office recorded that sufferers of Diabetes Mellitus until early 2023 reached 154,889 cases. The purpose of this study is to find out the difference in blood sugar levels in people with diabetes mellitus who consume rice after cooking with the rice cooker method and with the steaming method. This quantitative analytical research uses a cross-sectional study design. The population of the study was all people with diabetes mellitus at the Calang Health Center, Aceh Jaya Regency, totaling 50 people. Data collection was carried out from January 15 to March 15, 2024 using nonprobability sampling techniques. This study also took direct data by looking at the sugar content of the respondents by eating rice cooked by the rice cooker method and 1 month later by measuring the sugar content of the respondents consuming rice by cooking the rice by steaming. Data were analyzed using univariate, bivariate and multivariate statistical tests. The results of the study showed that factors related to blood sugar levels in DM patients were gender, age, education, occupation, income, physical activity, nutritional status, smoking behavior, and family history of diabetes. The factors most related to increased blood sugar levels in diabetes mellitus patients were steaming with OR=7.47, use of a rice cooker of 11.2 and family history of diabetes mellitus of 7.50. It is expected that respondents will control their blood sugar levels, so that DM sufferers and their families will cook rice using the steaming method, and control other risk factors that can cause high blood sugar levels.

Effectiveness of Multifaceted Lifestyle Interventions in Prediabetic Adults: A Field Study in an Urban Slum Population of Pune, India.

Introduction Adults with diabetes have an increased risk of hypertension, heart attack, and stroke than those without diabetes. Diagnosing prediabetes at an early stage can significantly reduce the risk of diabetes through simple interventions such as lifestyle modifications. Lifestyle modifications such as weight loss combined with regular physical exercise and a healthy diet can help delay or prevent the progression of diabetes. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of prediabetesamong the urban slum population and to assess the effect of lifestyle modifications on blood sugar levels, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and lipid profile among the participants. Methods A quasi-experimental field study was conducted among the urban slum population. Participants were randomly selected from previous health screening data. Pre-intervention blood evaluations were performed, and those who fulfilled the criteria were enrolled for interventions. The follow-up period lasted three months and included telephonic and in-person meetings for support and motivation. All variables were reevaluated at the end of the follow-up period. Results Out of 34 participants included in the study, 20 completed the three-month follow-up. Statistically significant changes were observed after three months of intervention in weight, fasting blood sugar, HbA1c, BMI, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. However, decreases in systolic blood pressure (BP), diastolic BP, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were not statistically significant. Conclusion The study revealed that lifestyle intervention programs promoting healthy diets, physical activity, and body weight reduction can prevent or delay the onset of diabetes among high-risk populations. The effectiveness of interventions across community settings depends on delivery formats, implementers, and the level of motivation of participants.

Self-Care Activities Among Diabetic Patients in an Urban Health Centre in Thirumazhisai, Tamil Nadu: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background Diabetes is a long-term medical condition characterized by consistently high blood glucose levels, which can be attributed to both genetic and environmental factors. Global diabetes prevalence is predicted to reach 10.4% by 2040, impacting over 642 million people. Diabetes is becoming more common in India; by 2030, an estimated 87 million individuals are predicted to have the disease. Self-care activities are essential for managing diabetes, yet adherence to these practices is often low in developing countries like India due to socioeconomic, cultural, and healthcare barriers. Objective In this study, the self-care practices of diabetic patients who visited an Urban Health Center in Thirumazhisai, Tamil Nadu, were assessed, along with the factors influencing these practices. Methods A three-month cross-sectional study was conducted in a facility with 200 type 2 diabetic patients who had been unwell, for a minimum of a year. The participants were selected via purposeful sampling, and interviews were conducted using the most recent version of the Summary Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) questionnaire. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 26 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) to discover connections between the duration of diabetes and self-care practices using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. Results The study found that 136 (68%) of participants tested their blood sugar levels at least once in the preceding three months, 104 (52%) exercised for at least 30 minutes each day, and 96 (48%) of individuals maintained a balanced diet. On the other hand, adherence to insulin injections and oral hypoglycemic medications was lower, at 98 (49%) and 79 (39.5%), respectively. Foot hygiene was also not at its best; only 85 (42.5%) people washed their feet daily. Considerable correlations have been shown between the length of diabetes and particular self-care behaviors, including eating patterns, exercise routines, and foot hygiene. Conclusion The results emphasize the necessity of focused interventions, especially in developing nations, to enhance diabetic patients' self-care behaviors.Tailored, patient-centered strategies are essential to address the complex factors influencing diabetes management, ultimately improving glycemic control and patient outcomes.

Insights into malaria vectors–plant interaction in a dryland ecosystem

Improved understanding of mosquito–plant feeding interactions can reveal insights into the ecological dynamics of pathogen transmission. In wild malaria vectors Anopheles gambiae s.l. and An. funestus group surveyed in selected dryland ecosystems of Kenya, we found a low level of plant feeding (2.8%) using biochemical cold anthrone test but uncovered 14-fold (41%) higher rate via DNA barcoding targeting the chloroplast rbcL gene. Plasmodium falciparum positivity was associated with either reduced or increased total sugar levels and varied by mosquito species. Gut analysis revealed the mosquitoes to frequently feed on acacia plants (~ 89%) (mainly Vachellia tortilis) in the family Fabaceae. Chemical analysis revealed 1-octen-3-ol (29.9%) as the dominant mosquito attractant, and the sugars glucose, sucrose, fructose, talose and inositol enriched in the vegetative parts, of acacia plants. Nutritional analysis of An. longipalpis C with high plant feeding rates detected fewer sugars (glucose, talose, fructose) compared to acacia plants. These results demonstrate (i) the sensitivity of DNA barcoding to detect plant feeding in malaria vectors, (ii) Plasmodium infection status affects energetic reserves of wild anopheline vectors and (iii) nutrient content and olfactory cues likely represent potent correlates of acacia preferred as a host plant by diverse malaria vectors. The results have relevance in the development of odor-bait control strategies including attractive targeted sugar-baits.

The Analysis Study of Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Complication in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus : A Comprehensive Systematic Review

Background: Diabetes, a chronic metabolic disorder, has a high prevalence worldwide due to changing lifestyles and urbanization. It is associated with life-threatening hazards and disabling complications, decreasing life expectancy. Gastroparesis, a well-known manifestation, is more prevalent in women. Understanding the prevalence of gastrointestinal complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients is crucial for creating effective treatment regimens. Methods: Adhering to the PRISMA 2020 principles, this systematic study focused on analyzing complete English literature texts published from 2011 to 2024. Several websites, such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, and SagePub, were used to collect the literature. Result: The study examined over 4000 publications sourced from recognized platforms such as Science Direct, SagePub, and PubMed. Following the decision to subject eight publications to further scrutiny, a comprehensive examination of the complete body of literature was conducted. Conclusion: Diabetes often leads to gastroparesis, a condition affecting the upper gastrointestinal tract, associated with metabolic imbalance, high blood sugar levels, low insulin, hormone release, and H. pylori infection. This condition is linked to the contractile activity of the duodenum, and is associated with various liver conditions, including diabetic fibrosis and cirrhosis.

Interplay of toxic metal levels and endoplasmic reticulum stress gene profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus

The increasing global prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) necessitates investigating its complex etiology. This study aimed to explore the relationship between exposure to toxic metals, expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress response (ERSR) genes, and various biochemical parameters, including glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)/sensitivity (QUICKI), lipid profile, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in T2DM patients. T2DM patients and control subjects were matched for age, gender, and lifestyle factors. Biochemical parameters, toxic metal levels, and ERSR gene expression were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR), respectively. T2DM patients exhibit dysregulated lipid profiles and significantly higher fasting blood sugar (FBS), HbA1c, and insulin levels (all p < 0.0001). The insulin sensitivity was lower in T2DM patients (0.32 ± 0.09) than in the control group (0.35 ± 0.02, p = 0.02). Insulin resistance was significantly higher in the T2DM group (5.38 ± 3.15) than in the control group (1.98 ± 0.86, p = 0.0001). Nickel (4.75 ± 2.45 ppb, p < 0.0001) and arsenic (1.85 ± 1.78 ppb, p < 0.0001) levels were significantly elevated in T2DM patients. There was significant upregulation of ER stress genes: GRP78, CHOP, IRE1, ATF4, ATF6, and XBP1 (all p < 0.0001), while PERK was significantly down regulated (0.68-fold, p < 0.0001). Nickel levels were positively correlated with HOMA-IR (r = 0.49, p < 0.0001) and HbA1c (r = 0.35, p = 0.002). Arsenic levels were correlated with insulin (r = 0.34, p < 0.0001), insulin resistance (r = 0.51,p < 0.0001), HbA1c (r = 0.53, p < 0.0001), Arsenic levels (β = 0.37, p < 0.001), XBP1 (β = 0.36, p < 0.0001) independently associated with HbA1c.This study has revealed a significant association between arsenic exposure and the upregulation of XBP1 at the onset of T2DM. The overexpression of XBP1 and high levels of arsenic were independently associated with HbA1c and insulin resistance.

The Mindfulness-Based on Spiritual Intervention on Psychological Well-Being and Blood Sugar Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Blood sugar levels are influenced by psychological well-being, which is affected by diabetics who go from being healthy to sick. This study examined the effect of spiritually situated mindfulness interventions on the psychological health and blood sugar levels of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Method: A quasi-explore different avenues regarding an untreated benchmark group and ward pre-and post-test samples was the research strategy utilized. All type 2 DM patients at the Surabaya Islamic Hospital Outpatient Clinic made up the study's populace. Using a basic random sampling strategy, 130 samples in totally were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion rules. Also, the sample was split fifty, with 60 respondents each in the control and treatment groups. The Glucometer and the Ryff Psychological Well-Being Scale were the instruments utilized in this investigation. Matched sample t-test and independent sample t-test data analysis. Result: The results showed that the psychological well-being of the intervention bunch was 147.68 before the intervention and 171.32 after it. The mean blood sugar level in the gathering before the intervention was executed was 302.64, however after it was carried out, it was 189.11. In addition, the mean blood sugar levels in the benchmark group were 289.21 and 283.87 when the intervention, and the mean psychological well-being levels were 146.84 and 146.02, respectively. Furthermore, the data analysis demonstrated a negative relationship between type 2 diabetes patients' blood sugar levels and psychological well-being and mindfullnes based on spiritual intervention (p = 0.00). Discuss: Individuals with type 2 diabetes can encounter improvements in their psychological well-being by lowering their blood sugar levels through the often used mindfullnes based on spiritual intervention.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Psychiatric Symptoms among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in South India: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus poses a momentous challenge when accompanied by psychiatric symptoms like depression, anxiety, and stress, adding to the complaint's threat. Research on these factors in patients with uncontrolled chronic illnesses in India, particularly in Tamil Nadu, is limited. Hence, this study aims to determine the prevalence and risk factors of these psychiatric symptoms among Type 2 diabetes patients.  Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Alpha Hospital and Research Center in Madurai, South India, from April 2020 to March 2021, enrolling 614 participants (307 with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and 307 general population). Data were collected using Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale and Perceived Stress Scale. The IBM SPSS version 23 was used for statistical analysis.  Results: Two-thirds of youth women with type 2 diabetes have higher fasting blood sugar levels than men when compared to general population. 82.61% of patients with uncontrolled diabetes developed severe stress, surpassing those with well-controlled and pre-diabetes. Severe depression is most prevalent among patients with neuropathic foot ulcers (54.76%) and nephropathy (61.54%). Predominant mental health risk factors include being single, high school education, poor glycemic control, comorbid hypertension, and family history. Interestingly, lifestyle factors like alcohol use and smoking positively impact mental health outcomes.  Conclusion: This study shows the intricate connection between Type 2 diabetes and mental health problems in Madurai, emphasizing the necessity for a multidisciplinary strategy to enhance outcomes and reduce financial burden. Future research in nursing has to focus on implementing and assessing therapies aimed at reducing patients' stress, anxiety and depression.

Negative Self-Care Behaviours Among Diabetic Patients Bukittinggi, Indonesia

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic multifactorial endocrine disorder that affects approximately 5-10% of adults worldwide. In Indonesia, approximately 10.8 million people, which accounts for 10% of the population, suffer from diabetes. The current treatment considered suitable for diabetes management involves self-care management. Self-management plays a crucial role in achieving blood sugar control, reducing complications, improving quality of life, and lowering hospitalization rates. Negative self-care behaviors frequently observed among diabetes patients include consuming high-fat foods, sugary snacks, non-adherence to diabetes diet protocols. These unhealthy habits make it more difficult to regulate one's own health, which increases the risk of morbidity and death, uncontrolled blood sugar levels, and a decline in quality of life. The purpose of this study is to identify poor self-care practices among type 2 diabetes patients in the Bukittinggi health facilities' service region. Using a deliberate sample technique, a qualitative descriptive study was carried out in seven operational regions of the community health clinics in Bukittinggi, Indonesia. Participants were interviewed in semi-structured interviews, and a chollezi was used to analyze the data. There were 15 people in all, ages 30 to 69, who participated in this study. The participants had been diagnosed with diabetes for a duration of 2 to 21 years. The study identified four themes: unhealthy dietary behaviors, poor medication adherence, preference of unstandardized based herbal medicine, and surrender to Diabetic. Future research should focus on developing appropriate interventions and health promotion strategies

Counseling and examination related to the prevention of hypertension and diabetes in the elderly

Aging brings various health challenges, including hypertension and diabetes mellitus, which can affect the quality of life of the elderly. This study aims to identify the prevalence of these two diseases in Kepatihan Village, Kaliwates District, Jember Regency, and evaluate the effectiveness of health education in managing them. Community service activities include initial examinations that show a high prevalence of hypertension and prediabetes among the elderly, with only a few having normal blood pressure and blood sugar levels. The program involves health examinations, disease prevention and control education, and re-examination two weeks after the education. The results showed that older adults with normal blood pressure increased from 3 to 8 people, and regular blood sugar levels increased from 5 to 21 people. A significant decrease in cases of prehypertension and diabetes indicates the success of the education in increasing participants' awareness and knowledge about managing their health. However, high initial health conditions and limited resources remain barriers. This program shows the effectiveness of education in reducing the prevalence of non-communicable diseases among the elderly but requires continued efforts to support more sustainable health improvements

Investigation of Pharmacological Screening Techniques for Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes is the medical term for a condition in which the body fails to generate or use insulin as intended, leading to high blood sugar levels. Both in-vitro and in-vivo techniques are employed to assess the antidiabetic potential of synthetic or natural compounds that have been extracted from conventional plants. The rat paw oedema method is frequently used to screen anti-inflammatory medications. The use of animals in this procedure has drawbacks related to ethical concerns. We proposed an in vitro system in this context that would not have these drawbacks. Rat in vivo experiments are frequently used to screen anti-hyperlipidemic medications. Pharmacological screening currently entails testing novel chemical entities as plant extracts or any other type of material (synthetic or semisynthetic) in isolated preparations before testing on entire animals. Rats and mice are typically used, but occasionally higher animals like dogs and monkeys are as well. These techniques have been used to assess the majority of medications now used in therapy. Wherever possible, non-animal alternatives are being developed. Pharmacologists' constant struggle is to reconcile in vitro and in vivo results. A thorough grasp of the in vivo performance is one of the main objectives of pharmacological screening. Therefore, it would be praiseworthy to establish in vitro assessments that might be connected to in vivo performance.

Exploring wine yeast natural biodiversity to select strains with enological traits adapted to climate change

Wine is widely consumed throughout the world and represents a significant financial market, but production faces increasing challenges. While consumers progressively value more complex flavor profiles, regional authenticity, and decreased use of additives, winemakers strive for consistency among climate change, characterized by rising environmental temperatures and sun burn events. This often leads to grapes reaching phenolic maturity with higher sugar levels, and increased microbial spoilage risk.Herein, we addressed these dual concerns by investigating the use of autochthonous Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains for fermentations of grape musts resulting from these altered conditions. We characterized underexplored repositories of naturally-occurring strains isolated from different environments and geographical regions, regarding adequate enological properties (e.g., high cell growth, reduced production of H2S, ethanol and acetic acid, increased SO2 resistance, killer activity), and other less frequently investigated properties (resistance to osmotic stress, potassium and aluminium silicates and fungicides). The phenotypic data were organized in a biobank, and bioinformatic analysis grouped the strains according to their characteristics. Furthermore, we analyzed the potential of four Portuguese isolates to be used in fermentations of grape musts with high sugar levels, uncovering promising candidates. This research therefore contributes to ongoing efforts to increase sustainability and quality of wine production.

Comparison of the effects of losartan potassium and benazepril in the treatment of hypertensive patients with insulin resistance.

To compare the efficacy of losartan potassium (LP) and benazepril in the treatment of hypertensive patients with insulin resistance (IR). This is a retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 155 hypertensive patients with IR admitted to Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital from March 2021 to March 2023. Of these 76 received LP treatment (LP group), and 79 received benazepril treatment (benazepril group). Blood pressure levels, blood glucose and insulin levels, treatment efficacy, and incidence of adverse reactions before and after the treatment in both groups were compared. After the treatment, diastolic and systolic blood pressure in the two groups significantly decreased compared to pre-treatment levels (P<0.05), with no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). After the treatment, levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-hours plasma glucose (2hPG), fasting insulin (FINS), 2-hours insulin (2hINS), and insulin sensitivity index (ISI) in both groups significantly decreased compared to pre-treatment levels (P<0.05), with no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the total efficacy and the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0.05). The efficacy of LP and benazepril in treating hypertension with IR is equivalent. Both are safe and can effectively lower blood sugar and insulin levels, alleviate IR, and lower blood pressure.

Effect of Lavender Oil Leg Massage on Physical, Cognitive, and Psychological Variables of Patients with Hypertension: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Hypertension (HTN) is one of the most important non-communicable risk factors that cause cardiovascular diseases. Complementary therapies including massage and aromatherapy are widely used in the management of HTN. However, studies on aromatherapy massage in HTN are limited. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of lavender oil leg massage on physical (cardiopulmonary function), cognitive, and psychological variables of patients with HTN. A parallel-group randomized controlled trial, comprising 100 HTN patients aged 44.99 ± 5.39 years who were recruited and randomly divided into the study group (SG) and control group (CG), was conducted. The SG received lavender oil leg massage, while the CG received supine rest for 20 min. Outcome variables like blood pressure (BP), pulse rate (PR), random blood sugar (RBS) level, oxygen saturation, pulmonary function, oral temperature, trail making test (TMT) A and B, and state anxiety and mindfulness were assessed before and after the intervention. The within-group analysis showed a significant improvement in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, PR, RBS, TMT-A, TMT-B, and state mindfulness both in the SG and CG. However, a significant reduction in state anxiety was observed only in the SG unlike the CG. Moreover, the between-group analysis showed a significant improvement in state mindfulness and state anxiety in the SG compared to the CG. The results of this study suggest that lavender oil leg massage is effective in reducing BP and RBS, and improving cognitive function in hypertensive patients. In addition, it is more effective in reducing anxiety and improving mindfulness than rest in supine position in patients with HTN.

Trapezoidal neutrosophic teaching learning-based optimization in enhancing accuracy of diabetes prognosis

Diabetes is one of chronic diseases in which blood glucose (sugar) level soar up high where human body are incapable to absorb it properly. It is important to have an appropriate diagnosis for proper management and treatment. The aim of this manuscript is to provide a more accurate diabetes prediction model through the new adaptive Trapezoidal Neutrosophic Teaching Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO) method. In order to address the inherent uncertainties and imprecisions in medical data, the suggested model makes use of the resilience of Trapezoidal Neutrosophic sets. The Trapezoidal Neutrosophic set theory provides a suitable basis for developing rule/knowledge-based systems in the medical field. The present investigation makes use of the dataset acquired from the Pima Indians Diabetes Database (PIDD) website, which has an extensive global collection of diabetes datasets. The performance of our model is evaluated against several existing methodologies, including Intuitionistic Neuro-Fuzzy System (INFS) Structure, Fuzzy Logic based Diabetes Diagnosis System (FLDDS), Fuzzy Verdict Mechanism (FVM) for Diabetes Decision, (Fuzzy Expert System) FES, and Hierarchical Neuro-Fuzzy Binary space partitioning System (HNFB-1). Quantitative analysis validates that proposed methodology achieves an exceptional predictive accuracy of 99.89 %, which is substantially higher than the comparative methodologies, namely INFS Structure (88.76 %), FLDDS (87.2 %), FVM for Diabetes Decision (85.03 %), FES (81.7 %), and HNFB-1 (78.26 %). These enhancements demonstrate show how well the suggested model works to lower diagnostic errors and increase dependability.

Clinical Risk Assessment and Comparison of Bias between Laboratory Methods for Estimation of HbA1c for Glycated Hemoglobin in Hyperglycemic Patients.

Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), also known as glycated hemoglobin, is a blood test used to evaluate and track a patient's blood sugar levels over the previous 2-3 months. We have compared the analytical performance of the D10 hemoglobin (HPLC) testing system to that of the immunoturbidimetric technique, which is a light-scattering immunoassay. To assess the clinical risk assessment between two methods (Compare the two Immunoturbidometric methods (AU680) vs. HPLC method (D10)) in hyperglycemic patients and assess the acceptability of the respective methods in the Clinical biochemistry laboratory. The charge of the globins in Hb was used as the basis for the HPLC method used to measure HbA1c. HPLC detects and quantifies even the tiniest Hb fractions and the full spectrum of Hb variants. HbA1c was measured using the immunoturbidimetric (AU 680 Beckmann coulter analyzer) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques. Experiments also made use of immunoturbidimetric techniques (using an AU 680 Beckmann coulter analyzer equipment). There is no statistically significant difference in HbA1c readings between male and female patients, as measured by either the Immunoturbidimetric or HPLC techniques. The immunoturbidimetric and high-performance liquid chromatography techniques for estimating HbA1c yielded identical results. From the results of this study, we may deduce that both techniques are valid for estimating HbA1c. As a result, it may be suggested that both approaches can be used to estimate HbA1c in diabetic individuals.

Evaluation of the Blood Feeding Preference of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) when Offered Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Blood.

Aedes aegypti (L.,1762) is a primary vector of arboviral infections like dengue, yellow fever, Zika. Female mosquitoes are influenced by various physical and chemical cues from host when blood feeding, e.g., they find some individuals with certain blood types or certain conditions more attractive than others. This study determined whether Ae. aegypti shows a preference when offered blood from a patient with diabetes mellitus (DM), an endocrine disorder associated with abnormal glucose metabolism, compared to healthy blood from non-DMs. In the dual feeding experiments, forty newly emerged female mosquitoes were provided with two blood feeding systems with blood from a non-diabetic (healthy) and diabetic patient using artificial feeders. Blood from 12 diabetic and 12 non-diabetic patients was matched by ABO blood type (e.g., diabetic type O blood was compared with non-diabetic type O blood). The number of mosquitoes that landed and fed from each membrane was counted every 2min for thirty minutes. Ae. aegypti species significantly preferred for blood from non-diabetic individuals (50-65% among the different blood type groups) compared to blood from diabetic individuals. Using multiplex allele-specific PCR it was also determined that, Ae. aegypti significantly preferred the O blood group regardless of blood sugar level compared to others. Ae. aegypti has less preference for diabetic blood to non-diabetics. Regardless people affected with this condition need to take preventive measures to reduce mosquito bites as they tend to have weaker immune systems and can experience more severe cases of dengue.