Sugar Levels Research Articles

Hypoglycaemic activity of the anthocyanin enriched fraction of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. Fruits and its ingredient identification via UPLC–triple-TOF-MS/MS

Lycium ruthenicum Murr. is mainly distributed in the northwest region of China and its berries are rich in anthocyanin. This study evaluated the hypoglycaemic activity of the anthocyanin-enriched fraction (AEF) of L. ruthenicum Murr. on α-glucosidase in vivo and in vitro. Overall, 10 anthocyanins were identified via UPLC–Triple-TOF-MS/MS. The AEF exhibited strong inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase, with an IC50 value of 4.468 mg/mL. It behaved as a reversible, mixed-type inhibitor. Molecular docking and dynamic results indicated that the compounds in AEF interacted with enzymes primarily through van der Waals and hydrogen bond and the complex system was stable. The postprandial blood glucose and area under the curve of diabetic mice was significantly decreased by AEF in the carbohydrate tolerance experiments. The results indicate that the AEF from L. ruthenicum Murr. berries could be as a promising food supplement for managing blood sugar levels in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Effect of silver nanochitosan on control of seed-borne pathogens and maintaining seed quality of wheat

Seeds, considered as the foundation of agriculture, are invaded by a broad spectrum of seed-borne pathogens. The current study aimed to control seed-borne fungal pathogens of wheat, Aspergillus flavus and A. niger, by using Ag+ nanochitosan (Ag-NC) for nano-priming of seeds and enhancing seed quality. Nanochitosan (NC) and Ag-NC were synthesized using the gelation method and characterized by UV–vis spectrophotometry, FESEM, EDXS, and HRTEM. NC and Ag-NC showed irregular surface topography with an average particle size of 275 and 325 nm, respectively. Antifungal activity of both the nanoparticles at 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 mg/mL revealed that Ag-NC at 0.5 mg/mL has completely terminated the mycelial growth of both pathogens. Malonaldehyde content increased to 77.77% in A. flavus and 82.66% in A. niger when exposed to 0.5 mg/mL Ag-NC. High-intensity fluorescence due to oxidative stress was observed in Ag-NC-treated pathogens. Ultra-structural changes in Ag-NC treated pathogenic spores under SEM displayed pronounced membrane damages. Wheat seeds were nano-primed with NC and Ag-NC at 0.5 mg/mL, and fungal load was examined to evaluate the mitigation of pathogenic stress and its effect on seedling growth promotion activity. Ag-NC priming reduced the fungal load and allowed successful seed germination. Ag-NC priming increased the albumin, gliadin, gluten, and glutenin content along with total phenol, reducing sugar and starch levels. Ag-NC priming increased the overall protein levels traced through SDS-PAGE. Seed priming with Ag-NC promotes seed germination, mean germination time, stress tolerance index, vigour, etc. NC and Ag-NC at 0.5 mg/mL showed no cytotoxic effect on the Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK293) cell line that ensures the nanoparticles are non-toxic. Thus, the synthesized nanoparticles exhibit a dual role in antifungal activity and plant growth promotion.

Technology in Diabetes & Homoeopathy

The use of technology to deal with diabetes started in the hospitals & institutions but currently it has percolated to the house hold level. Diabetics are asked to monitor glucose levels frequently every 24 hours. The irony is that it has not reduced the number of diabetics & instead the numbers are increasing on a regular basis in the country. Primarily, the article deals with the Type 2 diabetes. The article also deals with the most appropriate technology that is sustainable, cost effective and clinically effective while having no side effects. However, the article proposes a review of blood sugar once every month with the sustainable methods like dietary changes, lifestyle changes, doing yoga & meditation while integrating homoeopathy that has the triad properties of an essential medicine. Constant dwelling on the sugar levels leads to an occupied mind that is full of stress. Such situations complicate the problem without helping to deal with the problem. In order to deal with the dual problem of mental & physical issues, the article suggests a treatment protocol based on homoeopathic therapeutics.

Graphene in Medicine: Revolutionizing Healthcare through Advanced Nanomaterials

Nanomaterials, particularly carbon-based structures like graphene nanostructures, have revolutionized science and technology, offering groundbreaking advancements in bioengineering and medicine. These developments have enhanced our ability to detect, diagnose, and treat diseases, leading to significant innovations in therapy methods. The evolving field of graphene synthesis, with its less complex and more effective strategies, has captured the scientific community's interest. This review seeks to delve into the latest progress in the creation and application of graphene-based nanomaterials, especially their role in biomedical applications, with a primary focus on drug delivery systems. Graphene has emerged as a versatile material in the medical field. Its application as a sensor in monitoring vital parameters such as blood pressure and blood sugar levels, as well as nitric oxide levels in oxygen, has been noteworthy. In dentistry, graphene, combined with specific peptides, can identify individual bacterial strains, aiding in accurate disease diagnosis. Its role as an immunosensor is also significant, enabling the detection of trace amounts of substances like growth hormones. In the battle against cancer, graphene has shown promising results. It is actively being researched for broader medical applications including cancer therapy, diagnostic tools for diseases, tissue engineering, implants, DNA sequencing, biomarker identification, genetic material transfer, and in the combined fields of biomedical imaging and neuroscience. This review underscores the potential of graphene in medical science. As research continues, it is anticipated that graphene-based technologies will significantly contribute to personalized therapies, enhancing healthcare quality. The conclusion of this review emphasizes the need for ongoing research to explore and refine graphene-derived smart therapeutics. Such advancements will not only improve patient care but also drive us towards the zenith of human welfare, showcasing the transformative impact of nanotechnology in healthcare.Keywords: Graphene, Biomedical Applications, Drug Delivery Systems, Diagnostic Innovations and Personalized Therapeutics

Advancements in Glucose Monitoring: A Thin Film ZnO-Nanoflakes Based Highly Sensitive Wearable Biosensor for Noninvasive Sweat-Based Point-of-Care Monitoring for Diabetes

In the contemporary global landscape, diabetes is a prevalent and concerning presence that contributes to noteworthy mortality rates. The etiology of this condition involves a subtle interaction between insulin deficiency and elevated blood sugar levels which results in a complex metabolic disorder. The harmful consequences of this physiological abnormality become evident through the increased probability of kidney failure, heart attack, chronic liver diseases, and a pernicious ocular affliction leading to blindness. Against this backdrop, the necessity for prompt, accurate, and continuous monitoring of glucose concentrations with any form of flexible sensor becomes notably evident for type I and type II diabetes patients, pregnant women with diabetes, athletes, and high-risk persons. Sweat, an often-overlooked physiological excretion, is a reservoir of vital biological information due to its accessibility and analyzability. It is an advantageous matrix for glucose monitoring, surpassing blood, saliva, and tears. Its non-invasive nature offers a patient-friendly alternative to conventional blood sampling. The continuous, real-time nature of sweat extraction facilitates dynamic monitoring without the discomfort associated with invasive methods. This inherent advantage positions sweat as a promising matrix for glucose sensing, underscoring its potential as a valuable tool in diabetes management. It overcomes the limitations posed by other bodily fluids like saliva and tears in terms of accessibility, patient comfort, and reflective accuracy. The assimilation of nanomaterials into biosensing technologies heralds a paradigm shift, conferring heightened sensitivity upon these mechanisms. Noteworthy among these innovations are flexible wearable biosensors leveraging zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films, offering promising avenues for the discernment of glucose levels within sweat for healthcare monitoring. ZnO nanoflakes (ZnO-NFs) distinguish themselves by endowing flexible biosensors with unparalleled sensitivity, reliability, continuous monitoring capabilities, and non-invasiveness from zinc oxide nanoparticles incorporated graphene-carbon nanotube hybrid (GR-CNT-ZnO) and ergocalciferol-multi walled carbon nanotubes based (ERGOc-MWCNTd/Nf) traditional glucose sensors. The distinctive advantages of ZnO-NFs over bulk materials are multifaceted. Notably, the polarized (0001) plane orientation inherent in ZnO-NFs amplifies enzyme immobilization, thereby augmenting sensing performance. The elevated isoelectric point (9.5) of ZnO-NFs facilitates the immobilization of biomolecules, obviating the need for an ancillary binding layer. A single-step and efficacious sonochemical approach has been used to synthesize a thin layer of ZnO-NFs virtually on any substrate. The electrochemical flexible glucose biosensor was fabricated through the judicious immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOx) on ZnO nanoflakes, possessing a mere 20nm thickness and synthesized adeptly on an Au-coated stretchable polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The sensitivity of the flexible biosensor was determined by 29.97 μA/decade/cm² and the minimum detection limit is 100 μM. The coefficient of determination of the designed flexible electrode is found 97.76%, which is significantly linear. The designed PET/Au/ZnO-NFS/GOx flexible biosensors showed good repeatability for different sample concentrations. The enzymatic flexible sensor also showed good repeatability for three sample concentrations. The reproducibility data for two identical flexible sensors were found within the LoA of the Bland-Altman plot with a statistically significant p-value of 0.08 derived from the student t-test. Moreover, the flexible sensor exhibited notable repeatability, reproducibility, and remarkable stability conducive to the precise quantification of glucose. The application of this flexible wearable sensor has been validated through its utilization in human sweat samples, yielding results that align favorably with conventional methodology.

ANALYSIS OF CLUSTERING METHODS ON THE CAUSAL FACTORS OF DIABETES MELLITUS WITH FUZZY C MEANS METHOD

This study focuses on the effectiveness of clustering algorithms, namely Fuzzy C-Means by using k-Means algorithm as a supporting method, in the factors that cause Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by high levels of sugar (glucose) in the blood. Indonesia ranks 5th with the highest diabetes Mellitus patients in the world. This study aims to understand the pattern of factors causing Diabetes Mellitus and test the effectiveness of the clustering algorithm used. The data analysis methods include data collection, data pre-processing, distribution of cluster numbers, algorithm implementation, model adjustment, model training, model evaluation, and analysis of results. The results showed that the Fuzzy C-Means algorithm gets a coefficient of Fuzzynes score of 0.23 with a validation score of 0.40, while for supporting methods used K-Means algorithm gets a validation score of 0.32. This result shows that Fuzzy C-Means algorithm is superior in clastering the factors that cause Diabetes mellitus. The results of what variables have the most effect on cluster values 0 and 1. Where cluster 0 is a cluster that shows which variables are more at risk of diabetes, while cluster 1 is a cluster whose value shows what variables are far from the risk of causing diabetes mellitus. Then based on the results of the cluster that has been done, random blood sugar variables become the most influential variable on the risk of developing diabetes mellitus, followed by blood sugar variables 2 hours PP, and fasting blood sugar

Anti-hyperlipidemic effects of 500 mg spilanthol (SA3X) supplementation in people with dyslipidemia- a randomized, parallel-group placebo-controlled trial.

Dyslipidemia is a critical risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This study investigated the impact of 500 mg of spilanthol (SA3X) supplementation on lipid profiles in men with dyslipidemia using a randomized, parallel-group, placebo-controlled design. A total of 279 male participants were randomly allocated to one of four groups: SA3X without exercise, placebo without exercise, SA3X with exercise, and placebo with exercise. After a one-month control period, participants received SA3X capsules or placebo for three months. The exercise groups undertook standardized weight-lifting exercises four times weekly. Lipid profiles, biochemical parameters, and anthropometric measurements were monitored throughout and after the intervention. Both SA3X groups exhibited significant reductions in total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) compared to the placebo groups. By day 90, the SA3X-no-exercise group showed a 16.78 % decrease in TC, while the SA3X-plus-exercise group demonstrated a 52.87 % decrease compared to placebo. Significant reductions in TG and LDL-C were noted at days 60 and 90 (p=0.01 and p=0.03, respectively). The SA3X-plus-exercise group also exhibited decreased random blood sugar levels at days 60 and 90 compared to placebo-plus-exercise. Moreover, decreases in C-reactive protein, creatine kinase, and serum creatinine levels were observed. SA3X supplementation, particularly when combined with exercise, effectively improved lipid profiles and various health markers in men with dyslipidemia. Adverse events, primarily taste disturbance, were mild. These findings suggest SA3X may be a promising adjunctive therapy for managing dyslipidemia, emphasizing its potential cardiovascular health benefits and supporting further investigation. CTRI/2021/05/033694; May 2021.

Demonstration of the Protective Effect of Vinpocetine in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy.

Background: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) poses a significant risk for heart failure in individuals with diabetes, yet its underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Elevated blood sugar levels initiate harmful processes, including apoptosis, collagen accumulation, and fibrosis in the heart. Vinpocetine, a derivative of Vinca minor L., has demonstrated diverse pharmacological effects, including vasodilation, anti-inflammatory properties, and enhanced cellular metabolism. This study aims to investigate Vinpocetine's protective and remodeling effects in diabetic cardiomyopathy by evaluating biochemical and histopathological parameters. Methods: Twenty-one adult male Wistar rats were induced with diabetes using streptozocin and divided into Diabetes and Diabetes + Vinpocetine groups. Histopathological analyses, TGF-β1 immunoexpression, and measurements of plasma markers (TGF-β, pro-BNP, Troponin T) were performed. Biochemical analyses included HIF-1 alpha and neuregulin-1β quantification and evaluation of lipid peroxidation. Results: Vinpocetine significantly reduced cardiac muscle thickness, TGF-β1 expression, and plasma in diabetic rats. HIF-1 alpha and neuregulin-1β levels increased with Vinpocetine treatment. Histopathological observations confirmed reduced fibrosis and structural abnormalities in Vinpocetine-treated hearts. Conclusions: This study provides comprehensive evidence supporting the protective effects of Vinpocetine against diabetic cardiomyopathy. Vinpocetine treatment improved cardiac morphology, immunohistochemistry, and modulation of biochemical markers, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic intervention to attenuate the negative impact of diabetes on heart function.

Changes in biogenic amines during fermentation of Chinese rice wine (Huangjiu) and the underlying mechanisms

ABSTRACT Chinese rice wine (Huangjiu) is a traditional fermented wine in China. The biogenic amines are the important index during its fermentation. This study investigated the changes in biogenic amine content and its formation during fermentation of Chinese rice wine, and analyzed the correlation between the physicochemical and biological factors of Chinese rice wine and the production of biogenic amines. Results showed that, during the pre-fermentation stage (stage I), the content of biogenic amine was significantly negatively correlated with sugar level and acidity, and was significantly positively correlated with amino acid concentration. The maximum biogenic amine concentration in Chinese rice wine was 36.79 mg/L. During the post-fermentation stage (stage II), a significant increase in the content of lactic acid bacteria was positively correlated with biogenic amine content. The maximum biogenic amine concentration in Chinese rice wine was 22.50 mg/L. The high amino acid concentration and lactic acid bacteria concentration in the fermentation process enhance the biogenic amine formation. These results have provided a theoretical support for control of biogenic amine content in fermentation of Chinese rice wine.

The Impact of Different Regions and Dietary Structures on Blood Glucose and Lipid Levels

<i>Objective: </i>To explore the effects of different regions and dietary structures on the blood glucose and lipid levels of residents. <i>Method: </i>1220 examinees from Fenyang City, Shanxi Province were selected as the research subjects and included in the study group. In addition, 1225 examinees from Xinjiang Communist Youth League Farm were selected as the control group 1, and 1200 examinees from Wujiaqu City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (limited to regular physical labor and light diet) were selected as the control group 2. Collect general information such as the regional situation and dietary structure of personnel in each group, and use a fully automated biochemical analyzer to detect blood glucose (GLU) and lipid indicators (including total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG)). Compare the levels of the above indicators and the differences in the abnormal detection rates of each indicator in each group. <i>The results: </i>The levels of GLU, TC, and TG in the study group were significantly higher than those in control group 1 and control group 2 [GLU (mmol/L): 5.30±1.45 compared to 5.03±1.50, 4.18±0.39; TC (mmol/L): 1.67± 1.20 compared to 1.58±1.01, 0.69±0.36; TG (mmol/L): 5.02±1.71 compared to 4.72±1.17, 3.19±0.89], and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.01). The abnormal detection rates of GLU, TC, and TG in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group 1 and control group 2 (GLU: 18.43% compared to 13.64% and 2.00%, TC: 35.43% compared to 28.42% and 0.00%, TG: 14.05% compared to 5.63% and 0.00%), and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.01). <i>Conclusion: </i>Regional differences and dietary structures are important factors affecting the blood sugar and lipid levels of residents. Balanced diet is beneficial for the stability of blood indicators and physical health of residents.

The Feasibility of the Diabetes Self-Management Coaching Program in Primary Care: A Mixed-Methods Randomized Controlled Feasibility Trial.

Diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic disorder associated with elevated blood sugar levels, is a significant cause of morbidity, mortality, and disability globally. The rampant rise in the prevalence of diabetes presents a public health burden and a challenge to the primary care setting. Diabetes self-management coaching is an emergent, client-centered, solution-focused approach to enhance self-efficacy and self-care behavior, control glycemia, and prevent acute and chronic complications. Currently, there is no diabetes self-management support strategy in the primary care setting in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study assessed the feasibility, acceptability, and fidelity of implementing the Diabetes Self-Management Coaching Program in primary care in Ethiopia. A single-center, single-blinded, parallel group mixed-methods feasibility randomized control design was applied to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and fidelity of the Diabetes Self-Management Coaching Program in primary care. Adult patients with type 2 diabetes with HbA1c ≥ 7%, taking diabetic medication, and living in Gondar town were included in the study. A block randomization technique with a block size of four was used to allocate participants into the treatment and control groups. The treatment group attended a 12-week Diabetes Self-Management Coaching Program in addition to undergoing usual care, while the control group received the usual care for the same period. Data were collected at baseline, at the end of the intervention, and after the follow-up period. Descriptive statistics such as the frequency, mean, median, and standard deviations were computed. Based on the normality assessment, the baseline group difference was examined using the independent sample Student's t-test, the Mann-Whitney U test, and the chi-square test. This study's eligibility, recruitment, retention, and adherence rates were 23%, 70%, 90%, and 85%, respectively. Both the qualitative and quantitative findings show that the program was feasible to implement in primary care and acceptable to the participants. The fidelity assessment of the Diabetes Self-Management Coaching Program indicates an appropriate intervention implementation. This study demonstrated remarkable recruitment, retention, and adherence rates. The Diabetes Self-Management Coaching Program was feasible, acceptable, and implementable in primary care in Ethiopia. As a result, we recommend that a large-scale multi-center cluster randomized controlled trial with an adequate sample can be designed to evaluate the effect of the DSM Coaching Program on clinical and behavioral outcomes.

The Role of Melatonin in the Inflammatory Process in Patients with Hyperglycemia and Leishmania Infection.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that causes chronic high blood sugar levels, and diabetic patients are more susceptible to infections. American cutaneous leishmaniasis is an infectious disease caused by a parasite that affects the skin and mucous membranes, leading to one or multiple ulcerative lesions. Chronic inflammation and functional changes in various organs and systems, including the immune system, are the primary causes of both diseases. Melatonin, an essential immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective agent, can benefit many immunological processes and infectious diseases, including leishmaniasis. Although, limited reports are available on diabetic patients with leishmaniasis. The literature suggests that melatonin may play a promising role in inflammatory disorders. This study was designed to assess melatonin levels and inflammatory mediators in diabetic patients affected by leishmaniasis. Blood samples from 25 individuals were analyzed and divided into four groups: a control group (without any diseases), a Leishmania-positive group, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and patients with a combination of both diseases. This study measured the serum levels of melatonin through ELISA, while IL-4 and TNF-α were measured using flow cytometry, and C-reactive protein was measured through turbidimetry. This study found that patients with leishmaniasis significantly increased TNF-α and decreased melatonin levels. However, the group of diabetic patients with leishmaniasis showed higher melatonin levels than the control group. These observations suggest that TNF-α may influence melatonin production in patients with American cutaneous leishmaniasis, potentially contributing to the inflammatory characteristics of both diseases.

Effect of silymarin on lipid profile and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

This randomized clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of silymarin supplementation on glycemic indices and serum lipid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. In this open-label randomized clinical trial study, 48 patients with T2DM were eligible to participate for 12 weeks and were divided into two groups randomly: 24 subjects in the intervention (received three 140 mg silymarin capsules daily and diet plan) and 24 in control (received a diet plan). Fasting blood samples and anthropometric data were collected, and glycemic indices and lipid profiles were determined at baseline and at the end of the study. Out of 60 patients included in the clinical trial, 48 people completed the study. In comparing silymarin and control groups before and after the study, a significant reduction was observed in weight and body mass index. However, after adjustment, no significant difference was seen between the two groups. Furthermore, daily consumption of three capsules of 140 mg silymarin for 12 weeks did not show any significant difference on the level of fasting blood sugar (p = 0.789), HbA1c (p = 0.719), and lipid profile. The findings of the present study show that silymarin did not lead to changes in the level of glycemic index and lipid profile in patients with T2DM.

Effect of drought acclimation on sugar metabolism in millet.

Drought stress triggers sugar accumulation in plants, providing energy and aiding in protection against oxidative damage. Plant hardening under mild stress conditions has been shown to enhance plant resistance to severe stress conditions. While sugar accumulation and metabolism under drought stress have been well-documented in crop plants, the effect of drought acclimation treatment on sugar accumulation and metabolism has not yet been explored. In this study, we investigated the impact of drought stress acclimation on sugar accumulation and metabolism in the leaves and root tissues of two commonly cultivated foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) genotypes, 'PI 689680' and 'PI 662292'. Quantification of total sugars (soluble sugar, fructose, glucose, and sucrose), their related enzymes (SPS, SuSy, NI, and AI), and the regulation of their related transcripts (SiSPS1, SiSuSy1, SiSWEET6, SiA-INV, and SiC-INV) revealed that drought-acclimated (DA) plants exhibited levels of these indicators comparable to those of control plants. However, under subsequent drought stress conditions, both the leaves and roots of non-acclimated plants accumulated higher levels of total sugars, displayed increased activity of sugar metabolism enzymes, and showed elevated expression of sugar metabolism-related transcripts compared to drought-acclimated plants. Thus, acclimation-induced restriction of sugar accumulation, transport, and metabolism could be one of the metabolic processes contributing to enhanced drought tolerance in millet. This study advocates for the use of acclimation as an effective strategy to mitigate the negative impacts of drought-induced metabolic disturbances in millet, thereby enhancing global food security and promoting sustainable agricultural systems.

Rosmarinic Acid Attenuates Testicular Damage via Modulating Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Albino Mice

Diabetes mellitus (DM) induces the production of reactive oxygen species, which may lead to cell injury and death. This study aimed to assess the effects of rosmarinic acid (RA) on testicular damage, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic albino mice. DM in four- to six-week-old BALB/c male albino mice was induced via 50 mg/kg STZ, IP for 5 days. Twelve mice were randomly assigned into each of following groups: a control group, a diabetic (DM) group, RA5 mg/kg and RA15 mg/kg groups, and DM + RA5 mg/kg and DM + RA15 mg/kg groups. RA doses were intraperitoneally injected six times a week for seven weeks. Diabetes increased blood sugar and HbA1c levels and decreased all assessed sperm parameters. Testicular tissues of the diabetic mice showed increased lipid peroxidation, decreased reduced glutathione levels and catalase and superoxide dismutase activities, and increased apoptosis associated with histological abnormalities. Both RA doses had no effects on final body weight, blood sugar, and HbA1c in the diabetic mice. It is concluded that the administration of the potent antioxidant RA to diabetic mice improved the redox status in testicular tissues, protected them from diabetes-induced oxidative damage, and improved the quality of spermatozoa, mostly in a dose-dependent manner, which suggests a potential application value of RA in treating DM-related testicular injury and perhaps other complications.

Pemberdayaan Ibu-Ibu Rumah Tangga Dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Ekonomi Keluarga Melalui Pengolahan Keripik Gedebog Pisang

Poverty is one of the major problems faced by Indonesia because human needs and desires are increasing and becoming more diverse from day to day, as are household needs. One indicator for increasing welfare is by increasing empowerment of women, especially housewives. Through productive household business activities such as producing chips from banana stems, Business opportunities selling home-cooked food or chips from banana stems are still very much in demand among the community, besides this business is also not difficult to do because housewives can do this activity in the gaps of being busy as housewives, and the raw materials do not have to be bought again at the traditional market because they are already available in the garden or in the yard. Banana plants only bear fruit once and then die so the banana plants that have been harvested will be cut down and replaced with new banana shoots. Banana stems that come from the remaining harvest are usually not used or processed so that they pile up and cause an unpleasant odor for the community. In fact, banana stems have good content for the human body such as being able to prevent an increase in blood sugar levels and improve the digestive system by having daily fiber intake, banana stems can also support diet programs because they can make you full, banana hearts can also reduce postpartum fever, treat intestinal ulcers, treat chicken pox, can prevent kidney stones, reduce stomach acidity levels, and cure infections, and there are many more benefits of banana stems that are not yet known by the community

Yoga overcomes type 2 diabetes

Yoga offers holistic solutions to the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications involving lifestyle changes such as various asana, change in diet, and management of stress and meditation. Various studies suggest that yoga can improve the risk of these complications in adults with type 2 diabetes. The effect of yoga incorporating asanas, pranayam, meditation, kriyas, sattvic diet and mental discipline is beneficial to the patients of type 2 DM. Stress and sedentary are the leading causes of type 2 diabetes. Yoga has shown to be quite effective in managing blood sugar levels. It helps both activating the internal organs like pancreas, and building strength. In the current communication, an attempt has been made to explain the importance of yoga in overcoming problems related to type 2 diabetes.

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in sickle cell disease patients: A cross‐sectional study at a tertiary hospital in Nepal

AbstractBackgroundSickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common hemoglobinopathy caused by an autosomal recessive genetic disorder leading to increased morbidity and mortality rates. SCD is prevalent in the Tharu community in the lowland (Terai) region of Nepal. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among adults with SCD is poorly studied.MethodologyThis prospective cross‐sectional study was conducted at Seti Provincial Hospital in Dhangadhi, Nepal, among 140 adolescents and adults with SCD, aged 15–60 years. Anthropometric and laboratory data were collected using an assisted questionnaire, and the SPSS software version 23 was used for data analysis. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to summarize the presence of metabolic syndrome and were stratified in separate analyses by age and sex. National Cholesterol Education Program‐Adult Treatment Panel III criteria were used to define metabolic syndrome.AimThis cross‐sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among SCD patients with SCD registered at the Seti Provincial Hospital in Dhangadhi, Nepal.ResultsThe prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the study participants was 7.8%. Our study revealed 5% of the patients overweight, and 1.4% obese. In this study, the mean triglyceride level was 118.5 mg/dL, and the mean high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) level was 36.2 mg/dL (men) and 36.7 mg/dL (women). This study found that the mean fasting blood glucose level was 88.6 gm/dL. Similarly, 3.5% of patients had increased systolic blood pressure, and 7.8% had raised diastolic blood pressure. Study shows that changes in triglyceride level (p = 0.013), waist circumference, and HDL level (p = 0.0001 and 0.0048, respectively) are significantly associated with smoking or alcohol consumption; however, change in blood pressure (p = 0.013) and fasting blood sugar level (p = 0.086) are not associated with smoking or alcohol consumption.ConclusionStudy concluded that though a lower proportion of SCD patients met the criteria for metabolic syndrome than in studies conducted in developed countries, it is crucial to consider metabolic syndrome while managing patients with SCD. Nevertheless, the authors advocate a more comprehensive study to draw significant conclusions.

Effect of Abiotic Factors on Nectar Quality and Secretion of Two Early Spring Species, Galanthus nivalis L. and Helleborus niger L.

Floral nectar is mainly a reward in the form of food for pollinators. In early spring, when snow can still be present, pollinators have trouble finding food. The composition and productivity of nectar in flowers play an important role in a pollinator’s life. It is known that low temperatures and lower humidity cause lower nectar secretion. Some studies have also shown that the quality of nectar can differ because of lower temperatures. In our research, we analysed whether abiotic factors affect nectar secretion, as well as the nectar composition of the early spring plant species Galanthus nivalis L. and Helleborus niger L. in February 2024. The study was conducted in two locations in nature. Nectar from H. niger was sampled in Tomišelj, Slovenia, whereas nectar from G. nivalis was sampled in Ljubljana, Slovenia. On four different days at three different times of day, we sampled nectar from flowers using microcapillaries. In total, we sampled 48 nectar samples from one species. We analysed soil humidity and temperature, air temperature and humidity, and UVB radiation. Our results show that nectar productivity is highest in the morning for both species. H. niger has sucrose-dominant nectar, while G. nivalis has hexose-dominant nectar. Proline, which is an important amino acid for bees, has the highest level in both species, as does the phenolic compound rutin. Environmental factors do affect nectar secretion. Soil and air temperature affect G. nivalis nectar secretion, while soil humidity affects H. niger nectar secretion. Soil and air temperature also have an effect on higher levels of sugars in both researched nectars. UVB, air humidity, and air and soil temperature seem to have an effect on phenolic compounds, but abiotic factors do not affect amino acids.

DiabSense: early diagnosis of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus using smartphone-based human activity recognition and diabetic retinopathy analysis with Graph Neural Network

Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM) is a chronic health condition caused by high blood sugar levels, and if not treated early, it can lead to serious complications i.e. blindness. Human Activity Recognition (HAR) offers potential for early NIDDM diagnosis, emerging as a key application for HAR technology. This research introduces DiabSense, a state-of-the-art smartphone-dependent system for early staging of NIDDM. DiabSense incorporates HAR and Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) upon leveraging the power of two different Graph Neural Networks (GNN). HAR uses a comprehensive array of 23 human activities resembling Diabetes symptoms, and DR is a prevalent complication of NIDDM. Graph Attention Network (GAT) in HAR achieved 98.32% accuracy on sensor data, while Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) in the Aptos 2019 dataset scored 84.48%, surpassing other state-of-the-art models. The trained GCN analyzed retinal images of four experimental human subjects for DR report generation, and GAT generated their average duration of daily activities over 30 days. The daily activities in non-diabetic periods of diabetic patients were measured and compared with the daily activities of the experimental subjects, which helped generate risk factors. Fusing risk factors with DR conditions enabled early diagnosis recommendations for the experimental subjects despite the absence of any apparent symptoms. The comparison of DiabSense system outcome with clinical diagnosis reports in the experimental subjects was conducted using the A1C test. The test results confirmed the accurate assessment of early diagnosis requirements for experimental subjects by the system. Overall, DiabSense exhibits significant potential for ensuring early NIDDM treatment, improving millions of lives worldwide.