Sugar Beet Molasses Research Articles

Innovative liquid formulation of digestates for producing a biofertilizer based on Bacillus siamensis: Field testing on sweet pepper

AbstractA biofertilizer (BF) based on the plant growth promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR) Bacillus siamensis was produced using anaerobic digestate (AD) as the main ingredient of the growth medium, alongside a carbon source from residual origin. The use of residues for the growth of PGPR reduces the production costs of biofertilizers, but makes an assessment of the possible toxicity of residues for the bacteria or plants necessary. Therefore, the growth medium of PGPR was first optimized using the response surface methodology (RSM), followed by phytotoxicity tests and a field trial of the BF in a sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) crop at two different locations. AD at 50% dilution, supplemented with 2.3% sugar beet molasses, was the optimum growth medium for producing the BF, with a bacterial concentration of 109 cfu mL−1. In the field trial, the treatments inoculated with BF and fertilized with decreased mineral N (80%) produced significantly better yields per ha than the controls with decreased N (80%) and full N (100%) without BF. This indicates improved efficiency of N use by the crop, as a consequence of the use of BF.

Maintenance of a Highly Active Solid Acid Catalyst in Sugar Beet Molasses for Levulinic Acid Production

A strongly acidic cation exchange resin (Amberlyst-36™) was used as a heterogeneous acid catalyst in a sugar beet molasses solution for levulinic acid production. The solid acid catalyst was quickly deactivated during the reaction, in a large portion due to the non-sugar components (cations, proteins and alkaline compounds) in sugar beet molasses. In order to keep the catalyst active for reuse, the sugar beet molasses solution was pretreated in a column packed with the resin pellets for selective removal of the impurities that might cause the deactivation. The ion-exchange solution not only gave a high levulinic acid yield, but also maintained the heterogeneous catalyst active for repeated reuse under the reaction conditions. The saturated resin pellets discharged from the ion-exchange pretreatment could be conveniently regenerated under ambient conditions. In contrast, the catalyst deactivated in the reaction had to be regenerated in harsh conditions involving re-sulfonation, in which the catalyst had a gradual permanent activity loss in repeated regenerations. The ion-exchange pretreatment of sugar beet molasses solution can therefore maintain a high catalytic activity of Amberlyst-36™ and reduce the cost of the solid catalyst in levulinic acid production.

Single-stage photofermentative biohydrogen production from sugar beet molasses by different purple non-sulfur bacteria.

Biohydrogen production via fermentative routes offers considerable advantages in waste recycling and sustainable energy production. This can be realized by single-stage dark or photofermentative processes, or by a two-stage integrated process; the latter offering the higher production yields due to complete conversion of sugar substrates into H2 and CO2. However, problems arising from the integration of these two processes limit its scale-up and implementation. Hence, high efficiency one-step fermentative biohydrogen production processes from sugar-rich wastes are preferable. In this study, different strains of purple non-sulfur bacteria were investigated for their biohydrogen production capacity on pure sucrose and sugar beet molasses, and the feasibility of single-stage photofermentative biohydrogen production was evaluated. A single-stage photofermentation process was carried out using four different strains of purple non-sulfur bacteria (Rhodobacter capsulatus DSM 1710, R. capsulatus YO3, Rhodobacter sphaeroides O.U.001, and Rhodopseudomonas palustris DSM 127) on different initial sucrose concentrations. The highest hydrogen yield obtained was 10.5mol H2/mol of sucrose and the maximum hydrogen productivity was 0.78mmol/Lh by Rp. palustris on 5mM sucrose. A hydrogen yield of 19mol H2/mol sucrose, which represents 79% of theoretical yield, and a maximum hydrogen productivity of 0.55mmol/L h were obtained by Rp. palustris from sugar beet molasses. The yield was comparable to those values obtained in two-stage processes. The present study demonstrates that single-stage photofermentation using purple non-sulfur bacteria on sucrose-based wastes is promising.

The antibiotic activity and mechanisms of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) molasses polyphenols against selected food-borne pathogens

Sugar beet molasses contains natural components which can significantly inhibit the growth of food-borne pathogens, however, its antimicrobial mechanism has not yet well understood. In the present study, the antibacterial mechanism of sugar beet molasses polyphenols on S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, E. coli and S. typhimurium investigated by SDS-PAGE, SEM and TEM analysis. The sugar beet molasses polyphenols showed bacteriostatic activity against the growth of four food-borne pathogens. Meanwhile, sugar beet molasses polyphenols resulted in leakage of proteins of the four food-borne pathogens cells. Results of SDS-PAGE, SEM and TEM suggested that the antibacterial mechanism may be due to the damaged cytoplasmic membrane and bacterial proteins by sugar beet molasses polyphenols, and the sugar beet molasses polyphenols might change bacterial cells physiology and morphology.

Dark fermentative hydrogen production from sucrose and molasses

Summary There are many factors affecting the dark fermentative hydrogen production. The interaction of these factors, that is, their combined effects, should be investigated for better design of the systems with stable and higher hydrogen yields. This study aimed to investigate the combined effects of initial substrate, pH, and biomass (or initial substrate to biomass) values on hydrogen production from sucrose and sugar-beet molasses. Therefore, optimum initial chemical oxygen demand (COD), pH, and volatile suspended solids (VSS) or initial substrate to biomass (VSS) ratio (S/Xo) values leading to the highest dark fermentative hydrogen production were investigated in batch reactors. An experimental design approach (response surface methodology) was used. Results revealed that when sucrose was the substrate, maximum hydrogen production yield (HY) of 2.3 mol H2/mol sucroseadded was obtained at initial pH of 7 and COD of 10 g/L. Initial S/Xo values studied (4–20 g COD/g VSS) had no effect on HY, while the initial pH was found as the parameter mostly affecting both HY and hydrogen production rate (HPR). When substrate was molasses, initial COD concentration was the only variable affecting HY and HPR. Maximum of both was achieved at 10 g/L initial COD. Initial VSS values studied (2.5–7.5 g/L) had no effect on HPR and HY. This study also indicated that molasses leads to homoacetogenesis for potentially containing intrinsic microorganism and/or natural constituents; thus, sucrose is more advantageous for hydrogen production via fermentation. Homoacetogenesis should be prevented for effective optimization via response surface methodology, if substrate is a natural carbon source potential to have intrinsic microorganisms. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The effect of changes in opportunity costs and prices of some agricultural products such as sugar beet, corn,wheat etc. used for bioethanol production on the cost of bioethanol production is not adequately known in Turkey.. Therefore, it was aimed to determine the bioethanol production cost items and unit production costs and also to put forth the effects of variations in

Biyoetanol uretiminde hammadde olarak kullanilan seker pancari, misir, bugday vb. gibi temel bazi tarim urunlerinin firsat maliyetleri ve fiyatlarinda meydana gelen degisimlerin biyoetanol uretim maliyeti uzerine etkileri Turkiye’de henuz yeterince bilinmemektedir. Bu sebeple bu arastirmada, biyoetanol uretim maliyet unsurlari ile birim uretim maliyetlerinin belirlenmesi ve hammadde fiyatlarinda meydana gelen degisimin biyoetanol maliyeti uzerine etkilerinin ortaya konulmasi amaclanmistir. Arastirma verileri Turkiye’de biyoetanol uretimi gerceklestiren uretim tesislerinden bireysel mulakatlar yoluyla ve daha once yapilmis calismalar ile iliskili kurum ve kuruluslardan elde edilmistir. Maliyet unsurlarinin ortaya konulmasi ve birim uretim maliyetlerinin hesaplanmasinda maliyet analizi, hammadde fiyatlarinin maliyetler uzerindeki etkilerinin ortaya konulmasinda ise senaryo analizi kullanilmistir. Arastirma bulgulari, sekerle butunlesmis biyoetanol birim uretim maliyetinin 2.50 TL/litre, misirdan uretilen biyoetanolun birim maliyetinin 2.84 TL/litre, bugdaydan uretilen biyoetanolun birim maliyetinin 2.95 TL/litre, misir-bugday karisimindan uretilen biyoetanolun birim maliyeti ise 2.84 TL/litre oldugunu gostermistir. Hammadde masrafinin birim uretim maliyeti icindeki payi; hammaddesi gida atigi olan seker pancari melasindan uretilen biyoetanol uretim tesisinde % 28.55 iken, hammaddesi misir-bugday karisimi olan uretim tesisinde %44.81’dur. Arastirma sonuclari ayrica hammadde fiyatlarinda meydana gelen degisimin biyoetanol uretim maliyetlerini onemli duzeyde etkiledigini ve firsat maliyetinin biyokutle tedarikini guclestirdigini gostermistir. Arastirma bulgularina dayanarak Turkiye’de biyoetanol uretiminin ekonomik surdurulebilirligi icin destekleyecek politika ve stratejilerin takip edilmesi ve mevzuatta gerekli duzenlemelerin yapilmasi onerilmektedir.

The possibility of increasing the antioxidant activity of celery root during osmotic treatment

Osmotic treatment of celery root was studied in two osmotic solutions (sugar beet molasses and a ternary solution of water, sucrose and salt), at three temperatures (20, 35 and 50?C), and three different immersion periods (1, 3 and 5 h), at atmospheric pressure. The aim was to examine the influence of the type of the used hypertonic agent, the temperature and the immersion time on the water loss, solid gain, water activity, dry matter content, antioxidant activity (expressed by DPPH) and colour attributes (described by CIELAB coordinates L*, a* and b*). During the experiments, the antioxidant activity of celery root was increased in sugar beet molasses, while the DPPH value tended to decrease in the ternary solution. The experimental data of osmotic dehydration was used for PCA modelling. The standard scores analysis revealed that the optimum process parameters were gained with an immersion time of 5 h and a temperature of 35?C.

Quality improvement of gluten-free bread based on soybean and enriched with sugar beet molasses

The aim of this work was to improve the quality of gluten-free bread made with high content of soy flour and enriched with sugar beet molasses by incorporating ingredients with a potential to simultaneously enhance the nutritional quality of the breads. The following ingredients were used: pea protein isolate, pea fibre and chia seeds. The chosen ingredients exerted positive effects on bread quality. They promoted volume increase and crumb softening. In this respect, the most effective ingredients were pea protein isolate (at 1% supplementation level), pea fibre (at up to 2% supplementation level) and chia seeds (at 1% supplementation level). The sensory analysis revealed that pea fibre and chia addition at 1 and 2% supplementation level provided bread with higher scores regarding overall acceptance, crumb texture and taste. At 1% supplementation level, there was not found statistically significant difference in sensory attributes of bread supplemented with pea protein isolate in comparison to the control. However, pea protein isolate was found to strongly diminish bread taste at 4% supplementation level due to presence of beany taste.

Determining of moisture content of tobacco for hookah

One of the most important characteristics affecting the technological and consumer’s properties of tobacco, tobacco products, including tobacco for hookah, is humidity. Methods for determining the moisture content in hookah tobacco do not exist. The review of literature on the existing methods for humidity determination of food and tobacco products has been carried. In order to adapt existing in tobacco industry methods for determining humidity in hookah tobacco their review has also been carried. The purpose of researches was studying the various drying regimes for obtaining objective information on humidity of tobacco for a hookah. Two temperature regimes of 95 °C and 105 °C with various drying duration has been studied. Statistical analysis of experimental data, confirming the accuracy of the experiments has been carried. It has discovered that curing duration at studies temperatures of hookah tobacco samples does not affect greatly the content determination, but temperature of curing affects greatly. Method of continuous drying at ambient temperature is considered to be the most accurate, and has been taken as a comparison. It was found that the experimental results of moisture content determination in hookah tobacco greatly differ from the comparison; this can be probably explained by the peculiarities of the composition of hookah tobacco. Hookah tobacco includes hot only tobacco particles but also honey, sugar beet molasses, volatile compounds (flavorings and glycerin). Glycerin is non-volatile at ambient temperature, but at higher temperatures it begins to evaporate rapidly. This mass loss of studied hookah tobacco samples caused by increased temperature considered to be water, so final result on water content determination is inaccurate. The obtained results are not final and further researches should de continued.

Sugar beet pulp as a carrier for Lactobacillus paracasei in lactic acid fermentation of agro-industrial waste

Lactic acid (LA) has gained considerable importance in the global market due to a wide range of applications. Because of the growing demand for food and feed, the use of lignocellulosic residues, by-products and waste streams is highly needed for commercial LA production. This study investigated the possibility of using potato stillage and sugar beet molasses for LA and biomass production by Lactobacillus paracasei NRRL B-4564 immobilized on sugar beet pulp. Adsorption of L. paracasei enabled easy separation of bacterial biomass from the fermentation media and its efficient reuse in three successive batch cycles. Total LA concentration of 146 g L-1 and average productivity of 1.03 g L-1 h-1 were achieved on waste substrate using bacterial cells immobilized on a natural carrier without mineral and nitrogen supplementation. The solid part of fermentation media remaining after LA fermentation is a valuable co-product, which could be used as animal feed rich in probiotic biomass.

Effects of different carbohydrate sources on activity of rumen microbial enzymes and nitrogen retention in sheep fed diet containing recycled poultry bedding

ABSTRACTIn a completely randomized design, 15 male Moghani sheep were fed to determine the influence of supplementing recycled poultry bedding (RPB) with different carbohydrate sources on the activities of rumen hydrolytic enzymes and nitrogen retention. In the first diet, corn and barley were used as the carbohydrate sources (M0). In the second and third diets, corn and barley were replaced by 50 (M50 diet) and 100 (M100 diet) g/kg of sugar beet molasses, respectively. The extracellular activity of carboxymethyl-cellulase (CMCase) was increased linearly by dietary inclusion of molasses [linear (L), P < .05]. The extracellular and total activity of microcrystalline-cellulase in ruminal content was increased linearly (L, P < .05), while its cellular activity remained unaffected (P > .05) by dietary inclusion of molasses. Dietary inclusion of molasses in RPB-containing diets linearly increased filter paper degrading (FPD) activity in all fractions of ruminal content (L, P < .05). Addition of molasses to the diets linearly decreased (L, P = .04) total activity of α-amylase, and cellular and total activity of proteases. Increasing dietary levels of molasses linearly increased retained N (L, P < .05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation of RPB-containing diet with molasses improved activities of fibrolytic enzymes and nitrogen retention in sheep.

Effects of Sugar Beet Molasses and Molasses-Based Boron Oxide Compound on Bitumen Properties

AbstractIn this study, sugar beet molasses and molasses-based boron oxide compound (MBOC) were used to modify the base bitumen. Sugar beet molasses is an organic waste material obtained from raw su...

Production of sophorolipids from winterization oil cake by solid-state fermentation: Optimization, monitoring and effect of mixing

Sophorolipids (SLs) are a group of extracellular biosurfactants produced by the yeast Starmerella bombicola. The present study explored the use of winterization oil cake (WOC), a residual oil cake that comes from the oil refining industry, as a substrate for the production of SLs by solid-state fermentation (SSF). Sugar beet molasses (MOL) was used as a co-substrate and S. bombicola ATCC 22214 as the inoculum. Fermentation was performed on the 100-g scale and was optimized in terms of the ratio of substrates and the aeration rate using response surface methodology. The optimized SSF process (1:4 MOL:WOC mass ratio and 0.30Lkg−1min−1 aeration rate), carried out under static conditions, was monitored for 10days with a maximum SL yield of 0.179g per g DM (dry matter). The effect of intermittent mixing on the process was also investigated. Mixing caused a 31% increase in SL production, with a total yield of 0.235g per g DM. The Oxygen Uptake Rate (OUR) and the Cumulative Oxygen Consumption (COC) were used to monitor the biological activity of the fermentation processes. There were significant correlations between the SL yield and the oxygen and fats consumed. The SLs were characterized by FTIR and 1H NMR analysis.

Lipid production from sugar beet molasses under non-aseptic culture conditions using the oleaginous yeast Rhodotorula glutinis TR29

In this study the lipid production potential of the isolated yeast Rhodotorula glutinis TR29 in molasses medium under non-aseptic culture conditions was investigated. Different molasses concentrations and initial pH values were tested to make R. glutinis TR29 cells more dominant population in the medium, thereby preventing undesired microbial contaminants. Contamination could be prevented by selecting the high molasses concentration (20%) and low initial pH (5.0). When these parameters were kept constant, the optimum temperature, additional nitrogen source concentration and incubation time for the lipid production were found to be 25 °C, 4 g/L and 168 h, respectively. Under these culture conditions, the cell mass and lipid concentration were determined as 16.2 and 10.5 g/L, respectively. The lipid content was determined as 64.8%. The main cellular fatty acids of the yeast were oleic (63.5%), politic acid (15.4%), stearic acid (9.1%) and palmiteloic acid (7.2%). The yeast lipids seems to be a promising feedstock for biodiesel production due to a high content of C16 and C18 fatty acids. To our best knowledge, this is the first work on lipid production by yeasts in non-sterile molasses medium.

Cytotoxicity and Apoptotic Effects of Polyphenols from Sugar Beet Molasses on Colon Carcinoma Cells in Vitro.

Three polyphenols were isolated and purified from sugar beet molasses by ultrasonic-aid extraction and various chromatographic techniques, and their structures were elucidated by spectral analysis. Cytotoxicity and the molecular mechanism were measured by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay, flow cytometry, caspase-3 activity assay and Western blot assay. The results showed that gallic acid, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside chloride and epicatechin have cytotoxicity to the human colon, hepatocellular and breast cancer cells. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside chloride showed its cytotoxicity against various tumor cell lines, particularly against colon cancer Caco-2 cells with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 23.21 ± 0.14 μg/mL in vitro. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside chloride may be a potential candidate for the treatment of colon cancer. In the mechanism study, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside chloride increased the ratio of cell cycle at G0/G1 phase and reduced cyclin D1 expression on Caco-2 cells. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside chloride decreased mutant p21 expression, and increased the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and the activation of caspase-3 to induce apoptosis.

A Novel Production Method for High-Fructose Glucose Syrup from Sucrose-Containing Biomass by a Newly Isolated Strain of Osmotolerant Meyerozyma guilliermondii.

One osmotolerant strain from among 44 yeast isolates was selected based on its growth abilities in media containing high concentrations of sucrose. This selected strain, named SKENNY, was identified as Meyerozyma guilliermondii by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer regions and partial D1/D2 large-subunit domains of the 26S ribosomal RNA. SK-ENNY was utilized to produce high-fructose glucose syrup (HFGS) from sucrose-containing biomass. Conversion rates to HFGS from 310-610 g/l of pure sucrose and from 75-310 g/l of sugar beet molasses were 73.5-94.1% and 76.2-91.1%, respectively. In the syrups produced, fructose yields were 89.4-100% and 96.5-100% and glucose yields were 57.6-82.5% and 55.3-79.5% of the theoretical values for pure sucrose and molasses sugars, respectively. This is the first report of employing M. guilliermondii for production of HFGS from sucrose-containing biomass.

Sugar beet molasses as an ingredient to enhance the nutritional and functional properties of gluten-free cookies

Sugar beet molasses is a raw material with high potential to be a functional ingredient in baked goods. This paper investigated the nutritional and functional properties of gluten-free cookies enriched with sugar beet molasses. At all enrichment levels and forms tested (liquid and dry), the addition of beet molasses improved the micronutrient pattern and antioxidative status of gluten-free cookies. The cookies prepared with molasses were significantly higher in potassium, magnesium, calcium, iron, betaine, total phenolics and DPPH radical scavenging abilities. Molasses contributed to wider spectra of phenolic compounds. The dominating phenolic compounds in the molasses-enriched cookies were catechin, ferulic, syringic and vanillic acid. Molasses also contributed to the presence of p-hydroxybenzoic acid in the cookies. Addition of molasses increased the content of hydroxymethyfurfural in the cookies, but not above values commonly reported for this product type. Molasses addition improved the overall acceptance of gluten-free cookies up to 30% enrichment level.

Structural analysis of novel kestose isomers isolated from sugar beet molasses

Eight kestose isomers were isolated from sugar beet molasses by carbon–Celite column chromatography and HPLC. GC–FID and GC–MS analyses of methyl derivatives, MALD-TOF-MS measurements and NMR spectra were used to confirm the structural characteristics of the isomers. The 1H and 13C NMR signals of each isomer saccharide were assigned using COSY, E-HSQC, HSQC–TOCSY, HMBC and H2BC techniques. These kestose isomers were identified as α-D-fructofuranosyl-(2- > 2)-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 < ->2)-β-D-fructofuranoside, α-D-fructofuranosyl-(2- > 3)-β-D-fructofuranosyl-(2 < ->1)-α-D-glucopyranoside, α-D-fructofuranosyl-(2- > 4)-β-D-fructofuranosyl-(2 < ->1)-α-D-glucopyranoside, β-D-fructofuranosyl-(2- > 4)-β-D-fructofuranosyl-(2 < ->1)-α-D-glucopyranoside, β-D-fructofuranosyl-(2- > 3)-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 < ->2)-β-D-fructofuranoside, α-D-fructofuranosyl-(2- > 1)-β-D-fructofuranosyl-(2 < ->1)-α-D-glucopyranoside, α-D-fructofuranosyl-(2- > 6)-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 < ->2)-β-D-fructofuranoside, and α-D-fructofuranosyl-(2- > 6)-β-D-fructofuranosyl-(2 < ->1)-α-D-glucopyranoside. The former five compounds are novel saccharides.

Exergy-based sustainability assessment of ethanol production via Mucor indicus from fructose, glucose, sucrose, and molasses

This paper presents an in-depth exergy analysis of the ethanol fermentation process with various forms of fungus Mucor indicus under aerobic and anaerobic conditions to select the most productive and sustainable conditions. Various carbon sources including fructose, glucose, and sucrose as well as the whole and inverted sugar beet and sugarcanes molasses were used during the fermentation. The rational and process exergetic efficiencies were found to be in the range of 65.21%–88.54% and 0.00%–44.31%, respectively. Overall, the exergy-based parameter based on the process outputs could provide useful information about the sustainability and productivity of the fermentation process compared to the rational analysis. More specifically, the inverted sugar beet molasses with MF (mostly filamentous) form of M. indicus under anaerobic cultivation was shown to be the best option for industrial production phase with respect to the productivity and sustainability issues. The results obtained confirmed that the process yield alone cannot perfectly reflect the exact sustainability parameters of the renewable ethanol production systems. Finally, the developed exergetic framework could help engineers to couple biochemical and physical concepts more robustly for achieving the most cost-effective and eco-friendly pathways for bioethanol production.

Structural confirmation of novel oligosaccharides isolated from sugar beet molasses

Eleven oligosaccharides were isolated from sugar beet molasses using carbon–Celite column chromatography and HPLC. The constituent sugars and linkage positions were determined using methylation analysis, MALDI–TOF-MS, and NMR measurements. The configurations of isolated oligosaccharides were confirmed based on detailed NMR analysis. Based on our results, three of the 11 oligosaccharides were novel.