Sugar Palm Fruit Research Articles

The Profile of Salak Gula Pasir’s Farmer in Pajahan Village –Bali

The aim of this research is to describe the mapping of agro-tourism planning of salak gula pasir in Pajahan Village, Bali in order to establish the framework of sustainable agriculture. Bali as a tourist destination has great opportunity to develop agro tourism in order to support sustainable agriculture development. The research method is conducted by questionnaire distribution with purposive sampling. The results of questionnaires analyzed with thematic analysis mix method showed that 75% of respondents have sugar palm fruit plantations in plantation as coffee intercrop. Farmers who carry out cultivation of intensive sugarcane barking only 10% of the total responden, so greatly affect the yield and continuity of production of bark. Whereas if the farmer maintain the plantation seriously, with sustainable fertilization and irrigation, sugar barking plants are able to bear fruit throughout the year. Pajahan village area is hilly with a sustainable environment is very potential to integrate between agriculture with nature tourism. Around 86% of respondents have not understood about agro-tourism and only 14% of respondents want to develop the area into an agro-tourism area. From these results it is necessary to encourage farmer of view about agro-tourism and conduct further studies to do the mapping economically, socially and culturally.

Sugar Palm Fruit (Arenga pinnata) Diminish Pain and Inflammatory Symptoms of Osteoarthritis in male Wistar Rat (Rattus norvegicus)

Sugar palm fruit is the seed of Aren fruit (Arenga pinnata) that contain galactomannan polysaccharides. Galactomannan is the polysaccharide that has analgesic activity. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of analgesic and anti-inflammation of sugar palm fruit juice to the inflammation induced by 0.6% acetic acid and Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) to male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) respectively. Sugar palm fruit juice made by blending the sugar palm fruit and water which ratio 1: 2. The male rats were divided into 6 groups: control, induced with acetic acid 0.6% (analgesic) or CFA (inflammation), induced with acetic acid 0.6% (analgesic) or CFA (inflammation) and sodium diclofenac 10 mg/200 g BW of rats, and last three groups were induced by acetic acid or CFA and administered by sugar palm fruit extract dose 1, 2 and 3 mg/200 g BW. We used Fourier Transform Infrared (FITR) analysis to identify molecular structure of galactomannan in sugar palm fruit juice. The Results showed that sugar palm fruit juice reduced pain and edema in rats. The highest efficacy of analgesic and anti-inflammatory response was at 3 ml/200 g BW sugar palm fruit juice which potension of analgesic was 69.7% and anti-inflammatory response to decrease edema volume was 1, 608 ml. FITR peaks showed that galactomannan had main chain β-(1–4)-D_mano-pyranose and bind to D-galacto pyranose in α-1-6 chain. It could be concluded that sugar palm fruit juice potential to developed as analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent.

Local knowledge of utilization and management of sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) among Cipanggulaan People of Karyamukti, Cianjur (West Java, Indonesia)

Gunawan R, Ramadhan UG, Iskandar J, Partasasmita R. 2017. Local knowledge of utilization and management of sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) among Cipanggulaan People of Karyamukti, Cianjur (West Java, Indonesia). Biodiversitas 19: 93-105. Sugar palm, locally known as kawung or aren, (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb.) Merr.) has long been known for its various ecological, economic, and socio-cultural uses among rural people of West Java. Rural people have utilized and managed kawung based on their local knowledge. Nowadays, however, the abundance of kawung trees has been decreasing in many areas, for example, through reduction in planting and destruction. The decreasing experience in managing kawung trees among local people has eroded their local knowledge, and therefore documenting this knowledge is important before it disappears entirely. This paper (i) reports local knowledge of the Cipanggulaan people of Cianjur, West Java on landraces of sugar palm; (ii) identifies various uses of sugar palm by those people, and (iii) describes traditional management systems for the sugar palm conducted by those people. This study adopted qualitative methods developed in ethnobotany based on participant observation and in-depth interviews. Research findings identified two local landraces and at least 10 different plant parts used in various ways. Particular attention was paid to the making of palm sugar in various ways. Conservation of the sugar palm has traditionally been conducted by selective harvesting of the sugar palm fruit and allowing some palms to regenerate naturally.

The effect of combination of sugar palm fruit, carrageenan, and citric acid on mechanical properties of biodegradable film

Biodegradable film is a type of plastic material that can be degraded naturally and is usually made of organic material. The material commonly used is polysaccharides. The purpose of this study is to observe the effect of the combination of sugar palm fruit, carrageenan, and citric acid (CA) on the mechanical properties of the biodegradable films, such as tensile strength, elongation and film thickness. The experiment begins with dissolving the sugar palm fruit porridge and carrageenan with ratios of 1:0, 3:1, 2:1, 1:1 in water. The mixture was heated using a heater and magnetic stirrer at 80° C for 10 minutes. Glycerol and citric acid (CA) were added to the solution and stirred for 5 minutes. Each film solution was printed on a modified acrylic and, dried for 18 hours in an oven at 55° C. The formed film layer was then removed from the acrylic mold and inserted in a desiccatorsat 23° C for 1 hour. Then the film analyzed for its tensile strength, elongation using Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA), and thickness. The optimum result shown by sugar palm fruit and carrageenan ratio of 1:1 with 1% citric acid (CA).

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND INHIBITION OF LIPOXYGENASE ACTIVITY ETHANOL EXTRACT OF ENDOSPERM ARENGA PINNATA (WURMB) MERR.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the antioxidant activity and the potential inhibition of lipoxygenase activity from sugar palm fruit.Methods: Antioxidant activity was evaluated by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods. Inhibition of lipoxygenase activity was performed in vitro. Sugar palm fruit was macerated with 95% ethanol.Results: The results showed that sugar palm fruit ethanol extract has antioxidant activity when using DPPH method with EC50 of 141.3929 μg/mL and the FRAP method with EC50 of 60.2083 μg/mL. Inhibition test of lipoxygenase activity showed inhibitory concentration 50% value of 71.376 μg/mL.Conclusions: Ethanol extract of endosperm Arenga pinnata has antioxidant activity, as determined using the DPPH method with EC50of 141.3929 μg/mL and the FRAP method with EC50 of 60.2083 μg/mL.

Aqueous Extraction, Purification and Characterization of Galactomannans from Aren Sugar Palm (Arenga pinnata) Fruits

The effect of different aqueous extraction conditions on the crude gum extraction yield of Aren sugar palm ( Arenga pinnata ) fruit was evaluated. A water-soluble polysaccharide was extracted from the endosperm of A. pinnata fruit with water at different extraction conditions. The results indicated that water to seed ratio, alkaline pH and temperature were significantly ( p <0.05) effect the extraction yield of the crude gum. The ideal extraction conditions (W/S ratio: 20:1, pH: 10 and temperature: 80˚C) led to the highest yield (5.50%) of the A. pinnata fruit gum. The purified gum was characterized as white, thread-like precipitate and become a powder-like substance after being freeze dried. It had relatively low protein content (1.15%) and partially solubilised at ambient (50.93%) and at elevated temperature (71.00%). The gum had a high water holding capacity but lower oil-holding capacity which was 150.00 g water/100 g and 103.33 g oil/100 g of gum respectively. The viscosity of the purified gums increased with the increase of solution concentration. This revealed that A. pinnata gum is suitable for applications as stabilizer for oil-in-water emulsion or as food additives due to its capability to hold water molecules and form a viscous solution at low concentration.

Sugar Palm Fruit Galactomannan as an Alternative for Anti-Inflammation to Relieve Pain Intensity in Knee Osteoarthritis

Sugar Palm Fruit Galactomannan as an Alternative for Anti-Inflammation to Relieve Pain Intensity in Knee Osteoarthritis

Characteristics of “Kolang-kaling” (Sugar Palm Fruit Jam) with Added Natural Colorants

Characteristics of “Kolang-kaling” (Sugar Palm Fruit Jam) with Added Natural Colorants

Cosmeceutical Effects of Galactomannan Fraction from Arenga pinnata Fruits In vitro.

Background:Cosmeceuticals refer to natural cosmetics with medical-like benefits due to their bioactive contents. Sugar palm fruit (Arenga pinnata) extract has been claimed for its anti-aging effect in vitro. However, its active compounds for cosmeceuticals is still unclear.Objective:This study was aimed to extract galactomannan from A. pinnata fruits and test its efficacy for tyrosinase inhibition, antioxidant, and anti-photoaging activities in vitro.Materials and Methods:Galactomannan from A. pinnata fruits was extracted by freeze drying and identified for its chemical compounds by using pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (py-GC/MS). Galactomannan was tested for its tyrosinase inhibition in both cell-based (melanocytes) and enzymatic assays, antioxidant activity using ferrous ion chelating assay (FCA) assay, and anti-photoaging activity for inhibiting the gene expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and MMP-13 in macrophages using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis.Results:Identification of galactomannan fraction from A. pinnata fruits by py-GC/MS mainly consisted of oxonium ion and glucosides. For cellular assay, galactomannan at 5 μg/mL inhibited >50% of tyrosinase activity in melanocytes induced by phorbol myristate acetate. At the enzymatic level, galactomannan at similar concentration showed less tyrosinase activity inhibition (~20%). FCA results showed that galactomannan at 10 μg/mL exerted >50% of antioxidant activity. The qRT-PCR data indicated that galactomannan at 5 μg/mL inhibited >50% of MMP-1 and MMP-13 gene expressions in ultraviolet B-treated macrophages.Conclusion:Galactomannan fraction from A. pinnata fruits has efficacy for enlightening effect, antioxidant, and anti-photoaging activity in the dose-independent pattern, indicating its cosmeceutical effects for skin healthcare.SUMMARY A. pinnata fruit containing galactomannan has cosmeceutical potentials through enlightening effect, antioxidant, and anti-photoaging activity in vitro.Galactomannan fraction has inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity in both cellular melanocytes and enzymatic systems.Galactomannan fraction has strong protection against UVB-irradiation effect by inhibiting collagenase genes (MMP-1 and MMP-13) in macrophages. Abbreviations Used: Py-GC/MS: Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; FCA: Ferrous chelating activity; MMP: Matrix metalloproteinase; qRT-PCR: Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; PMA: Phorbol myristate acetate; UV: Ultraviolet; RPMI: Roswell Park Memorial Institute; DMEM: Dulbecco's modified eagle media; FBS: Fetal bovine serum; PBS: Phosphate buffered saline; MTT: 3-(4,5-diethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-dipheniltetrazolium bromide; L-DOPA: L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine; EDTA: Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; GAPDH: Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; DPPH: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl; SPF: Sun protection factor

Effect of Natural Colorants on Color and Antioxidant Activity of "Kolang Kaling" (Sugar Palm Fruit) Jam

Effect of Natural Colorants on Color and Antioxidant Activity of "Kolang Kaling" (Sugar Palm Fruit) Jam

Characteristics of Jelly Powder of Sugar Palm Fruit (Arengapinnata, Merr) and Seaweed (Eucheumacottonii).

Characteristics of Jelly Powder of Sugar Palm Fruit (Arengapinnata, Merr) and Seaweed (Eucheumacottonii).

Effects of Enzymatic Treatment on Physicochemical Properties of Sugar Palm Fruit Juice

The interest in fruit and vegetable juices production has increased significantly all over the world due to their benefit value, quality of production and increasing of consumer awareness and preference for healthy food. The production of sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) fruit juice with exotic characteristics has the potential to be explored based on the new technologies and methods in juices industry. In beverage industry, enzyme is an essential tool for quality improvement and cost saving by increasing the yield of the fruit juice. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of different enzymatic treatment on sugar palm fruit juice processing. Sugar palm fruit purees were treated individually and in combination using two types of commercial enzymes: Novozymes Cellulase and Pectinex Ultra SP-L at a concentration of 0.05% (w/w) and incubated at 45°C for 60 min. The results showed that there are significant (p<0.05) reduction on proximate content such as crude fibre, crude protein and carbohydrate for the enzymes treated juices as compared to the untreated juice. The enzyme treatment also significantly (p<0.05) reduced the juice viscosity and ascorbic acid content, promoted juice clarification and increased L value, yield, TSS and sugar content. In conclusion, the quality of sugar palm fruit juice can be improved by using the combination treatment of pectinase and cellulase enzymes.

Sugar palm Arenga pinnata Merr (Magnoliophyta) fruit shell as biomaterial to remove Cr(III), Cr(VI), Cd(II) and Zn(II) from aqueous solution

The removal of toxic heavy metals Cr(III), Cr(VI), Cd(II) and Zn(II) from aqueous solution by sugar palm ( Arenga pinnata ) fruit shell has been examined. Adsorption factors consisted of solution of pH, mass of biosorbent as well as initial metal concentration. The Langmuir isotherm was used to study the adsorption mechanism. Moreover, characterization of sugar palm fruit shell was investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and surface morphology was checked using scanning electron microscope. The removal percentage at maximum conditions were: 0.28, 0.52, 0.43 and 0.58 mg g −1 for Cr(III), Cr(VI), Cd(II) and Zn(II), respectively. Desorption study was carried out by using nitric acid at a range of pH 1–4. This work shows that the performance of biosorption of metals by A. pinnata has many advantages, such as good removal and deremoval efficiencies.