Sugar Molasses Research Articles

Does the Amount of Pre-Sowing Nitrogen Fertilization Affect Sugar Beet Root Yield and Quality of Different Genotypes?

There has always been a specific focus on nitrogen fertilization in sugar beet production due to its important effect on sugar beet root yield and quality. For stable sugar beet growth and satisfactory root yield and quality, balanced N fertilization is crucial. Thus, this study aimed to investigate spring N fertilization in two seasons as the following treatments: N0—control, N1—only pre-sowing fertilization, and N2—pre-sowing with topdressing. Four different genotypes were included in the study (Serenada, Colonia, Fred, and Danton). The experiment was set up in a plain area, belonging to the temperate climate zone in Eastern Croatia (Županja and Vrbanja), with the long-term mean (LTM) (March–October) air temperature around 16 °C and the total precipitation of 515 mm. Pre-sowing N fertilization had a smaller impact on root yield in the year with higher precipitation (31% higher than LTM). Therefore, the average yields with pre-sowing fertilization (N1) and pre-sowing fertilization with top dressing (N2) were very similar and were only 7% higher than those of the control. In a season with less rainfall (29% less than LTM), pre-sowing fertilization with top dressing (N2) had a more pronounced effect on the increase in sugar beet root yield, which was 17% higher compared to that of the control treatment. The sugar beet sucrose content and quality parameters (brei impurities, loss of sugar in molasses, extractable sugar) differed when N fertilization was applied among locations in both seasons. The white sugar yield was the highest at N2 treatment with pre-sowing and topdressing N fertilization. In general, according to the average of all locations and years of research, the Serenada hybrid achieved the highest average root yield (81.1 t ha−1), while Colonia exhibited the highest root sugar content (14.5%) and white sugar yield (9.7 t ha−1).

The influence of traditional and alternative fertilization systems on the productivity of sugar beet

Purpose. To investigate the influence of mineral, traditional and alternative organic-mineral fertilization systems on productivity and technological quality of sugar beet roots. Меthods. Long-term field and analytical. Results. Research data on the effectiveness of traditional and alternative fertilization systems in increasing the productivity and technological quality of sugar beet roots are given. The perspective of using straw, green mass of white mustard and mineral fertilizers to obtain high yield and technological quality of sugar beet roots under conditions of sufficient moisture on leached chernozem has been established. Conclusions. The mineral fertilizer system was inferior to the organic-mineral fertilization in terms of efficiency. The maximum dose of mineral fertilizers N120P80K120 ensured roots yield – 67.5 t/ha, sugar content – 17.9 %, sugar yield – 12.1 t/ha. The highest productivity of sugar beet was achieved with the application of 40 t/ha of manure + N90P60K90: yield of roots – 79.6 t/ha, sugar content – 18.2 %, sugar yield – 14.5 t/ha with an increase in yield compared to the control without fertilizers – by 37.0 t/ha, sugar yield – by 6.7 t/ha. The application of straw + green manure + N90P60K90 was determined to be promising under sugar beet: roots yield – 70.3 t/ha, sugar content – 18.2 %, sugar yield – 12.8 t/ha. The specified fertilization system was inferior to the application of 40 t/ha of manure + N90P60K90 in yield by 9.3 t/ha, sugar collection – by 1.7 t/ha. The use of fertilizers insignificantly increased the loss of sugar in molasses compared to the control without fertilizers: with the application of mineral fertilizers - by 0.01–0.05 %, 40 t/ha of manure + N90P60K90 – by 0.07 %, straw + green manure + N90P60K90 – by 0.04 %.

Sustainable high-strength lightweight concrete with pumice stone and sugar molasses

AbstractThe building sector benefits from high-strength lightweight concrete (HSLWC) in various aspects, particularly in reducing the structure’s dead load. Incorporating waste materials into HSLWC encourages sustainable practices, reduces their environmental effect, and decreases product’s costs. This research focuses on producing sustainable HSLWC using a pumice stone and additive materials such as sugar molasses, silica fume, and high-range water reduction. The physical and mechanical properties and structural efficiency were investigated. The results demonstrate that the inclusion of additive material is the primary factor controlling the properties of the concrete. Also, using pumice stone instead of gravel in high-strength concrete significantly reduced weight and increased thermal insulation by 19.31 and 43.55%, respectively. Furthermore, the addition of steel fibers in HSLWC improved the compressive strength, tensile strength, ductility, and structural efficiency.

A Key to Uncover the Envelop of Backwardness of Sugar Industry in Bangladesh: An Application of Regression Analysis

In this paper, an effort is taken to fish out the inherent backwardness of sugar industry in Bangladesh by applying the multiple regression analysis. The prime objective of the research is to describe the present situation of backwardness of production level and to find out a technique to increase the production level of sugar mills in Bangladesh. Data is chosen from secondary sources i.e. performance reports, annual reports of the selected sample sugar mills and reports of the BSFIC. The total sugar production (Yprod.) is treated as dependent variable and LSM = XLSM (loss of sugar in molasses), RMC = XRMC (Repair and maintenance cost), MH = XMH (Machine hours), UEU = XUEU (Units of energy used) and RR = XRR (Recovery rate) are selected independent variables under the study period. It is implied from analysis that 1 percent decrease in loss of sugar in molasses would result in 7939.63 units upturn in the gross output of sugar if the other factors remain to keep unchanged in the mean position. The coefficient of MH, UEU and RR was found significant at 1 percent level by positive sign indicating these variables had positive impact on sugar production process. It also indicated that 1 percent increase in MH, UEU and RR would result in 3.49 units, 56.59 units and 1174.73 units total production of sugar respectively if other components holding unchanged position at the mean level for each of the variables including in the model. So that the management could increase the amount of total production 9137.63 units by taking the necessary action to increase 1 percent of recovery rate (RR) and at the same time to decrease 1 percent of loss of sugar in molasses (LSM) under the technical arrangement of production procedure of sugar.

Highly Efficient Utilization of Sugar in Molasses for Butyric Acid Production by Clostridium tyrobutyricum

Highly Efficient Utilization of Sugar in Molasses for Butyric Acid Production by Clostridium tyrobutyricum

Sugar molasses as a sustainable precursor for the synthesis of graphene sand composite adsorbent for tetracycline and methylene blue removal.

Sugar molasses from agricultural waste could be a sustainable carbon source for the synthesis of graphene adsorbent introduced in this work. The sugar molasses was successfully converted to graphene-like material and subsequently coated on the sand as graphene sand composite (GSC), as proven by XRD, XPS, Raman spectroscopy, and SEM with EDX mapping analyses. The adsorption performance of GSC was evaluated against the removal of Tetracycline (TC) and methylene blue (MB) pollutants from an aqueous solution in a fixed bed column continuous-flow adsorption setup. The effect of different process conditions: bed height (4-12cm), influent flow rate (3-7mL/min), and contaminants' concentration (50-150ppm) was investigated. The results revealed that column performance was improved by increasing the bed depth and lowering the flow rate and concentration of the pollutants. The best removal efficiency was obtained when the bed height was 12cm, the influent flow rate of 3mL/min, and the pollutants' initial concentration was 50mg/L. Thomas, Adams-Bohart, and Yoon-Nelson models were attempted to fit the breakthrough curves. Regeneration of the GSC indicated the decline of breakthrough time from 240-280 to 180min, reflecting the decrease in adsorptive sites due to the incomplete regeneration process. Overall, sugar molasses was shown to be a low-cost precursor for synthesizing valuable graphene material in the form of GSC, which can reduce the problem for industrial waste management of sugar molasses, and the GSC could be used as an adsorbent for environmental application.

Performance and Emission Characteristics of Jatropha and Dimethoxy-Methane Fuel Blends with EGR in Single Cylinder Water Cooled CI Engine

The number of vehicles on the road has increased by a factor of ten in recent years. As a result of the pollutants emitted by these vehicles on and off the road, ambient air quality has deteriorated significantly. It also increases greenhouse gas emissions as more CO2 is discharged into the atmosphere. As a result, researchers are concentrating on reducing fuel usage and emissions. Because fossil fuel stocks are decreasing, there is an increasing demand for alternative energy. Alternative fuels such as biodiesel and ethanol, which are made from vegetable oil and sugar molasses, are both renewable and environmentally friendly. Blending fuels to increase the combustion qualities of fuel has recently become a viable alternative. A single-cylinder, water-cooled diesel engine with a rated output of 3.7kW at 1500 rpm was used in the tests. We tested diesel, biodiesel and biodiesel with a 10% DMM blend with and without EGR and biodiesel with a 20% DMM blend with and without EGR. Biodiesel with DMM blends has lower thermal efficiency, produces less smoke and emits more NOx. NOx emissions were lowered whereas smoke emissions increased after EGR was used.

Iron Deficiency Anemia: Cause, Plant Based Iron, Fortification and Impact on Lifestyle and Socioeconomic Parameters

Micronutrient deficiency is prevelant in both high income and low-income countries globally causing major health issues, especially iron deficiency which causes hypoproliferative microcytic anemia. Iron deficieny anemiais effecting more than two billion population on earth especially pregnant woman, infants and woman of reproductive. Iron plays a key role in the formation of red blood cells and reactions occurring in the human body. Food is one of the best and safe options to prevent and cure iron deficiency anemia. In the present study, we highlighted different foods with special reference to plant-based foods for the treatment and prevention of iron deficiency anemia. Literature revealed that major cereal flours, cumin seeds, green leafy vegetables, moringa leaves, papaya with supplements, beet root, apples, pomegranate, bael, sugar molasses and berries are best sources of iron due to presence of ascorbic acid. Prebiotics and probiotics fortification can also increase the iron absorption in the gut by providing optimum pH for absorption. In addition to change in dietary patterns, fortification of major crops, flours and salt should be made mandatory by as in many countries. Moreover, Iron fortified formulas, complementary food, beverages, baked items (cookies) and confectionary are best ways to prevent and cure iron deficiency anemia in children and adults. Similarly, sugar molasses from sugar industry is one of the superabundant sources of iron which can be used as supplement for value addition. However, human research is required to check the efficacy of fortified products to prevent iron deficiency anemia in future generations.

Effect of Pumice Stone and Sugar Molasses on the Behavior of Reinforced Concrete One-Way Ribbed Slabs

The world is currently heading towards sustainability by reducing the amount of concrete, thus reducing the total unit weight. Moreover, design construction requires materials with a higher strength-to-weight ratio. Ribbed slabs and lightweight concrete (LWC) are considered two leading sustainability facilities. This research developed an experimental study to evaluate the effects of concrete type, steel reinforcement ratio, the geometry of ribs, voiding ratio, and slab type on the structural behavior of one-way ribbed slabs. Eight of the one-way slabs were constructed using pumice stone and by-product material sugar molasses (SM), and one slab was constructed using gravel and SM. These slabs were tested under a static two-point load and simply supported until failure. The results showed that using SM with pumice stone instead of gravel led to high strength-lightweight concrete (HSLWC), with a cylinder compressive strength of 42.2 MPa and a density of 1943 kg/m3, which meets the requirements of HSLWC codes. Using HSLWC instead of high-strength normal-weight concrete (HSNWC) decreased the thermal conductivity by 43.55% and the unit weight by 19.31%. Moreover, the ultimate strength of the HSLWC one-way ribbed slab decreased by 17.70%. Overcoming this strength reduction necessitated increasing the steel reinforcement ratio of the ribs from 0.28 to 0.44% in the HSLWC ribbed slab. Changing the number of ribs at the same amount of HSLWC showed a minor effect on the strength capacity of slabs but showed an economic benefit. However, increasing the rib width to reduce the voiding ratio from 44 to 40% resulted in a greater improvement in structural efficiency (SE) of one-way ribbed slab than reducing it from 44 to 33%. Consequently, the optimum rib width was 120 mm. Moreover, using a ribbed slab instead of a solid slab of HSLWC at the same amount of concrete increased the ultimate strength by 130.37%, decreased deflection by 3.99%, and improved SE by 126.46%. Furthermore, experimental results of ultimate load were compared with the ACI 318-19 code design equation. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-02-011 Full Text: PDF

The Garbage Enzyme with Chinese Hoenylocust Fruits Showed Better Properties and Application than When Using the Garbage Enzyme Alone.

Garbage enzyme (GE) is a vinegar or alcohol product derived from fermenting fresh kitchen waste, such as vegetable and fruit residues (peels, cuttings and bits), sugar (brown sugar, jaggery or molasses sugar) and water. Chinese honeylocust fruits (Gleditsia sinensis) have been used in China for at least 2000 years as a detergent. The aim of the study was to investigate the properties and application of Chinese honeylocust garbage enzyme (CHGE), which is produced when equal amounts of Chinese honeylocust fruits and fresh wastes are mixed. The results showed that CHGE had lesser microbial communities and lower surface tension than GE. CHGE also had higher viscosity, foam stability and emulsion stability than GE. Compared with GE, CHGE induced higher enzymatic amylase, cellulase, lipase and protease activities. CHGE had stronger detergency than GE and a 100× dilution of CHGE could significantly remove pesticide residues after a 30 min soaking treatment. The study showed that as a biological detergent, CHGE is safer and more environmentally friendly than GE and has remarkable washing and cleaning power. The preparation method of the detergent is simple: it can be prepared at home using fruit and vegetable waste, which is beneficial to the secondary utilization of waste and the reduction of pollution to the environment and damage to human health.

The Effects of Soil Application of Digestate Enriched with P, K, Mg and B on Yield and Processing Value of Sugar Beets

The aim of this research was to find out if the supplementation of digestate, a by-product of the anaerobic digestion of sugar beet pulp, with phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and boron can improve digestate performance as a soil amendment. The materials of this study were: digestate and sugar beet roots (Beta vulgaris cv. Fighter). A field trial was carried out on sugar beet growth under soil application conditions of solid and liquid digestate fractions with or without supplementation with P, K, Mg and B. It was shown that the root yield obtained from the plots amended with digestate supplemented with P, K, Mg and B was higher compared to the yield of other treatments. Soil amendment with digestate supplemented with P, K, Mg and B affected quality parameters of sugar beet roots. An increase in the following parameters under the effects of enriched digestate application was found: sucrose content, dry residue, pomace content, inverted sugars, α-amino and amide nitrogen fractions, as well as sodium and potassium content. A reduction in the content of conductometric ash was noted but this difference was not proven. The enrichment of digestate with P, K, Mg and B resulted in the beneficial modification of beet roots’ processing parameters with the exception of the predicted content of sugar in molasses. In the case of the liquid fraction and its supplementation with P, K, Mg and B, six among eleven technological quality parameters were increased.

In vitro evaluation of sugar digestibility in molasses

Beet and cane molasses mainly contain mono- di-, and tri-saccharides, composed by hexoses, as well as pentoses in traces. However, rationing software consider sugars as only one entity, with a rate of digestion ∼20% h−1. The aim of this initial study was to investigate and evaluate the in vitro digestion dynamics and rates of the sugar fraction in molasses. Three beet and three cane molasses were randomly selected from a variety of samples collected world-wide and digested via in vitro rumen fermentation, at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 24 h. Samples were then analysed with a specific enzymatic kit to quantify residual sucrose, glucose, fructose, raffinose, galactose, and arabinose. Complete disappearance of sucrose happened within 3 hours of incubation. Glucose and fructose were completely digested within 4-6 h, showing variability among samples. Even if not so representative, galactose showed a similar trend of digestion (97% digestion within 3-4 h). Raffinose was quite slower in cane molasses, while it was completely digested within 1 h in beet molasses. Arabinose, a pentose, never reached a complete digestion, and its fermentation dynamic was different compared to other sugars. Calculated rates of digestion for sucrose, glucose and fructose, most representative sugars in molasses, were higher than 50% h−1 in both cane and beet. Obtained results showed that sugar fraction in molasses may vary, and different sugars are rapidly fermented by rumen microbes. Modern rationing models should consider a modification of sugar rates of digestion, since the actual one appears too slow than those observed in vitro. Highlights Molasses are unique blends of several sugars Major sugars are digested in few hours Rationing software should consider a faster rate of digestion for different sugars

Insights into Advancements and Electrons Transfer Mechanisms of Electrogens in Benthic Microbial Fuel Cells.

Benthic microbial fuel cells (BMFCs) are a kind of microbial fuel cell (MFC), distinguished by the absence of a membrane. BMFCs are an ecofriendly technology with a prominent role in renewable energy harvesting and the bioremediation of organic pollutants through electrogens. Electrogens act as catalysts to increase the rate of reaction in the anodic chamber, acting in electrons transfer to the cathode. This electron transfer towards the anode can either be direct or indirect using exoelectrogens by oxidizing organic matter. The performance of a BMFC also varies with the types of substrates used, which may be sugar molasses, sucrose, rice paddy, etc. This review presents insights into the use of BMFCs for the bioremediation of pollutants and for renewable energy production via different electron pathways.

Growth regulators to increase sugar beet productivity

Purpose. To study the influence of the growth regulator NanoMineralis on the dynamics of growth, yield and technological quality of sugar beet roots, depending on the methods of its application.Methods. Field, analytical, statistical.Results. The research results on influence of the ways of growth regulator NanoMineralis application on dynamics of plants growth, synthesis of chlorophyll in leaf plates, yield and technological quality of sugar beet roots are presented. It was found that the growth regulator promoted the synthesis of chlorophyll, increased the dynamics of plants growth and development, and increased the productivity of sugar beets, which was accompanied by a decrease in the sugar content of the roots and the stability of their technological quality.Conclusions. The use of the NanoMineralis growth regulator increased the content of chlorophyll in sugar beet leaves compared to the control without the growth regulator in July by 0.12–0.19%, in August by 0.08–0.20%, in September by 0.03–0.09%. In the ‘Romul’ hybrid, the content of chlorophyll compared to the ‘Zluka’ hybrid was determined to be on 0.17–0.29% higher for seed treatment and on 0.15–0.28% higher for foliar application. The best dynamics of root mass growth was observed for the cultivation of the ‘Romul’ hybrid under double application of NanoMineralis. Root weight in July was 302 g, in August 553 g, in September 631g with the excess to Zluka hybrid by 48, 75 and 65 g, respectively, to control without growth regulator by 56, 77 and 79 g/plant. Seed treatment combined with foliar application of NanoMineralis in the phase of closing the leaves in row provided the highest productivity in ‘Romul’. Root yield was 62.7 t/ha, sugar content 15.9%, sugar yield 9.93 t/ha with the excess to ‘Zluka’ yield by 6.5 t/ha, sugar yield by 1.32 t/ha, compared to control without growth regulator by 8.2 and 0.98 t/ha, respectively. The technological quality of the roots was slightly affected by the use of the growth regulator and was determined mainly by the choice of the hybrid. When growing ‘Romul’, the potassium content in the roots was higher by 0.34–0.38 mg-eq./100 g, alpha-amine nitrogen by 0.16–0.17 mg-eg./100 g of crude weight, which increased the loss of sugar in molasses by 0.03–0.04% compared to ‘Zluka’.

Sustainable Utilization of Molasses Towards Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles for Colorimetric Heavy Metal Sensing and Catalytic Applications

A novel and facile synthetic route were evaluated towards the formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by exploiting molasses as a biomaterial for the first time. The sugar molasses is a viscous material produced from sugarcane refining and the bio-components responsible for the formation of crystalline AgNPs validated by FTIR, UV–Vis spec., EDX, and XRD. The almost oval-shaped AgNPs with an average of 16 nm size were analyzed through DLS and TEM, respectively. Based on the significant characterization results, the AgNPs was employed for simple colorimetric detection of mercury (Hg2+) at low concentration. Here, we also described its catalytic efficacy for the reduction of 4-NP. The AgNPs found to have excellent efficacy in the detection of Hg2+ at 0.02 µM concentration. It also proved to have a prominent role in the reduction of 4-NP with 80% conversion efficiency even after 6 cycles. Combining highly selective and sensitive sensors as well as efficient and convenience catalysts have been proposed as detection and catalyzing nanomaterial for the environmental pollutants in water. The approach in this work is cost-effective and provides potential opportunities in environmental fields for a sustainable future.

Reduce the Influence of Horizontal and Vertical Cold Joints on the Behavior of High Strength Concrete Beam Casting in Hot Weather by Using Sugar Molasses

The current research studies the effect of cold joints on the behavior shear and flexure of High Strength Concrete (HSC) beams caused by delayed casting sequence during the hot weather in summer of Iraq.Fresh concrete should be kept alive during the various casting batches for concrete element by re-vibration. However, the over vibration caused loss in homogeneity and it is difficult to keep the workability of concrete during hot weather due to the effect of setting time.To deal with this problem of improper casting sequence, which eventually leads to the formation of cold joints, it will be used sugar waste (named as Sugar Molasses (SM)) is a by-product resulted from refining process of sugar as a delayed agent to increase the setting time in order to prevent early set of concrete due to adverse effects in construction joint of hot weather.In the current study, the first objective aims to investigate some of fresh and hardened mechanical properties of HSC (with high cement content) using SM at percentages of (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) % from the weight of cement under the concept of sustainable development. The second objective aims to investigate the location and surface texture effect of horizontal and vertical cold joints on the flexural and shear behavior of beam with/without SM. This objective includes testing of twenty four plain concrete beam of (110×110×650 mm) under two point load; half of them casting without roughing (smooth) the old layer and the other casted after roughed it.SM content of 0.2% of cement weight can improve compressive strength by about 11.2% at 28 days and delay initial setting time by about 4.617 hours (277 minutes). No adverse effect on concrete have been observed at this dosage of SM concentration for the ages of concrete cylinders studied. Delays in the setting of concrete at this dosage of SM content help in reducing the early setting of concrete and therefore reduced the impact of the cold joints formation in concrete beams under Iraqi hot weather condition. The failure load for the beams with SM of smooth and rough vertical joints is in the range between (1.95 - 2.12) and (1.46-1.37); respectively times that of the case of beam without SM.

Decoloration of Molasses by Ultrafiltration and Nanofiltration: Unraveling the Mechanisms of High Sucrose Retention

Membrane technology provides a green approach to recover sucrose from cane molasses. However, the trade-off between color removal and sucrose permeation by membrane filtration debases the efficiency and limits the application. In this study, ten commercially-available and one self-made ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes were used for decoloration of molasses. By investigating the effect of membrane properties, molasses components, and operating parameters on the molasses filtration behaviors, the mechanisms of high sucrose retention were clarified. For polyether sulfone (PES) membrane, the high retention of pigments and sucrose was mainly caused by the serious irreversible fouling as an additional selective layer. Polyamide (PA) NF membranes showed high antifouling ability, and a suitable pore size (~ 500 Da) was important to achieve high color removal and sucrose permeation. Although regenerated cellulose (RC) membranes exhibited excellent antifouling performance to molasses, the severe membrane swelling induced by salts and high temperature (60 °C) limited their application. Reducing sugar in molasses produced negligible effect on the sucrose retention, while inorganic salts resulted in pore swelling and solute dehydration due to “salting-out” effect, thus improving the sucrose permeation. However, such positive effect was weakened or eliminated by the pigments in molasses, and irreversible fouling became more serious in the presence of the molasses salts, especially for PES membranes. Based on the underlying mechanisms, the pore swelling and sucrose dehydration effects were “reappeared” by simply removing the non-polar pigments via macroporous resin adsorption, thus decreasing sucrose retention. High temperature could accelerate the sucrose permeation, but it also attenuated concentration polarization layer, thus intensifying the sucrose retention increase induced by high permeate flux. If a loose NF membrane was selected for decoloration of molasses, minimizing fouling formation, reappearing salt effect on membrane and sucrose, operating at high temperature and low permeate flux could minimize sucrose retention.

REDUCING TIME AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN THE PRODUCTION OF FODDER FROM MOLASSES WHEAT

The results of the studies indicate an increase in the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat grain subjected to infrared irradiation in the production of feed molasses. It was found that the duration of enzymatic hydrolysis of grain to significant concentrations of sugars in feed molasses is reduced by 2 times and energy costs are reduced by 40 %, and the concentration of sugars increases at the end of the process by 4.0 % compared to existing technologies.

Investigating the fermentability of synthetic medium-density fiberboard wastewater to alcohol and effects of cofermenting the wastewater with sucrose

ABSTRACTThe impact of cofermentation on ethanolic fermentation performance of medium-density fiberboard wastewater (MDFW) was investigated. Sugar concentration in MDFW was adjusted by cofermentation of the MDFW with sucrose. Separate shake flask fermentation experiments were conducted on a dilute synthetic MDFW (with and without inhibitors) and a sucrose–MDFW blend as substrates. Instant dry baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was used as the biocatalyst. Fermentation performance was measured by calculation of the fermentation efficiency of each experiment. The calculation was based on fermentable sugars only, and excluded pentoses which are not fermented by ordinary yeast. The study revealed that direct fermentation of dilute MDFW at around 80–100 g/L sugar concentration was less efficient (64.02%) than fermentation of MDFW solutions of 130–160 g/L sugar concentration which recorded fermentation efficiencies way above 75%. The authors conclude that MDFW is fermentable to alcohol using Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and that cofermenting MDFW with sucrose possibly obtained from other waste streams like sugar molasses enhances the fermentability.

Influence of Sugar Beet Nitrogen Content on Quality and Efficiency of Sugar Extraction

The present study highlights on the effect of over nitrogen content on beet sugar quality, sugar content, alkalinity, impurity value, raffinose formation, chemical impurities especially (Na) ions and the loss of sugar in molasses. The results showed that nitrogen content must be done in the way that causes a high productivity of roots with a high content of sucrose and pureness percentages with low levels of vegetarian growth levels. Also, the acceptable values of α-amino N, K and Na in roots for processing must be about 150, 140 and 700 -1000 mg 100g-1 sugar, respectively. One of the greatest effects is the increment the loss of sugars to molasses rate as a result of the increment of sucrose solubility hence decrement in crystallization. Therefore, this study recommends not to overuse nitrogen fertilization because the increase of the nitrogen inside the roots inhibits the processes of crystallization process hence, decreasing the quality of sugar extraction process.