Urine Sugar Research Articles

Dysregulated renal tubular handling of filtered glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a descriptive study

Objective: To determine the frequency of suspected dysregulated renal tubular handling of filtered glucose, and its association with blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Method: The analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2022 to June 2023 at the Department of Medicine along with the Department of Pathology and Biochemistry, Pakistan Railway Hospital, Islamic International Medical College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, and comprised diabetics aged 19-80 years. Blood and urinary glucose were assessed at the point of contact. Blood glucose 80-180mg/dl was considered glucose in range and >180mg/dl glucose above range. Hyper-function of sodium glucose transport receptors was suspected if urinary glucose was <++ and the function of these receptors was considered normal if urinary sugar was ++ or more. Association of suspected receptors and their association with blood glucose levels was determined. Data was analysed using SPSS 26. Results: Of the 159 diabetics, 91(57%) were females and 68(43%) were males. The overall mean age was 57±11 years (range: 46-68 years). Of the total, 43(27%) patients had glucose in range and 116(73%) had glucose above range. Of the diabetics with glucose above range, 54(47%) patients had hyper-functioning sodium glucose transport receptors, and 62(53%) had normal functioning sodium glucose transport receptors. Of the patients with glucose in range, 11(26%) had hyper-functioning sodium glucose transport receptors, and 32(74%) had normal functioning sodium glucose transport receptors. There was a significant association between sodium glucose transport receptors’ function and blood glucose levels (p<0.001). Conclusion: Dysfunction of sodium glucose transport receptors affected the secretion of glucose in the urine, resulting in impaired glucose regulation in type 2 diabetes mellitus cases. Key Words: Blood glucose, Diabetes, Glycosuria, Sodium-glucose transporter 2.

Insightful Perspectives on Sodium-glucose Co-transporter 2 Inhibitors: Navigating Safety Updates and Beyond

SGLT2 (Sodium-Glucose Co-transporter 2) inhibitors, also known as gliflozin class, are a novel family of oral drugs being used to treat type 2 diabetes. SGLT2 inhibitors can work alone or in conjunction with other medications. This class includes five drugs, including canagliflozin, ertugliflozin, sotagliflozin, dapagliflozin, and empagliflozin. SGLT2 inhibitors inhibit the SGLT2 cotransporter in the proximal tubules of the kidney, reducing glucose and sodium reabsorption. It promotes the elimination of sugar in urine (diabetes mellitus) and lowers blood sugar levels. SGLT2 inhibitors also have pleiotropic effects on cardiac and renal function, broadening their therapeutic applications in heart failure. Despite the clinical benefits, regulators have placed secondary warnings in product information since the medications first hit the market. SGLT2 inhibitors, in particular, have had a significant impact on a variety of risk factors. This can lead to hypoglycaemia, urinary tract infections, diabetic ketoacidosis, lower limb amputation, and fractures. Although some of these events are uncommon, they can lead to severe and deadly consequences; therefore, patients must be closely monitored. In general, SLGT2 inhibitors are an efficient diabetes treatment with strong cardiovascular and renal protection and a favourable safety overview. This review sought to summarise the safety overview of commercially available SGLT2 inhibitors.

Profiling of Antidiabetic Bioactive Flavonoid Compounds from an Edible Plant Kudzu (Pueraria lobata).

Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi, known as kudzu and used as a "longevity powder" in China, is an edible plant which is rich in flavonoids and believed to be useful for regulating blood sugar and treating diabetes, although the modes of action are unknown. Here, a total of 53 flavonoids including 6 novel compounds were isolated from kudzu using multidimensional preparative liquid chromatography. The flavonoid components were found to lower blood sugar levels, promote urine sugar levels in mice, and reduce the urine volume. Molecular docking and in vitro assays suggested that the antidiabetic effect of kudzu was attributed to at least three targets: sodium-dependent glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2), protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP1B), and alpha-glucosidase (AG). This study suggests a possible mechanism for the antidiabetic effect that may involve the synergistic action of multiple active compounds from kudzu.

Long Suffering Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus During Metabolic Acidosis on Positiveness of Ketones in Urine Patients

Examination of ketones in the patient's urine and measuring the patient's blood sugar level will determine whether there will be metabolic acidosis in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, which is a metabolic disorder that can be caused by various etiologies, such as chronic hyperglycemia due to impaired insulin secretion or impaired insulin action. alone. Diabetes Mellitus type 1 itself is more caused by reduced insulin secretion due to damage to pancreatic -cells. This study was conducted to examine ketones in urine on the duration of suffering from type 1 diabetes mellitus when metabolic acidosis occurs Data collection in this study was carried out by accidental sampling method by researchers to collect secondary and primary data on urine ketones in patients with metabolic acidosis. Based on research that has been done, data obtained from 34 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus at the Sigerongan Health Center, as many as 8 patients with positive results of urine ketones with a prevalence of +2 totaling 3 people and +3 totaling 5 people. Judging from the high level of glucose (hyperglycemia) that is > 200 mg/dl and the positivity of ketone bodies in the patient's urine as a sign of metabolic acidosis. With a long-susceptibility to suffer from diabetes mellitus 1-5 years and above. The results of measuring ketone levels in the patient's urine show that there is no relationship with the duration of suffering from diabetes mellitus in the urine but blood sugar levels.

Biochemical Evaluation of Hypoglycemic Effect of Stingless Bee Pollen in High Fat Diet Fed-Low Dose STZ Induced Experimental Type 2 Diabetes in Rats

The present study was aimed to evaluate the hypoglycemic properties of stingless bee pollen in HFD fed-low dose STZ induced experimental type 2 diabetes in rats. Healthy, male wistar rats weighing between 160-180g were used in the present study. The rats were divided into four groups of six animals each. Group I served as control rats fed with normal pellet diet. Group II fed with a high fat diet for two weeks and intraperitoneally injected with a low dose of STZ (35mg/kg. b.w.) to induce experimental type 2 diabetes. Group III were induced with diabetes and treated with stingless bee pollen (100 mg/kg b.w/rat/day) for oral administration, respectively. Group VI was diabetic rats treated with metformin (50mg/kg.b.w.), a standard drug used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Body weight, food and fluid consumption were recorded periodically. At the end of the experimental period, the animals were starved overnight and OGTT was performed. After 30 days of experimental period, the animals were overnight fasted, anesthetized and scarified by cervical decapitation. Blood was collected with and without anticoagulants for the separation of plasma and serum, respectively. The biochemical analysis performed includes fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, plasma insulin, C-peptide and urine sugar. Insulin resistance, β-cell function and insulin sensitivity were also manipulated from HOMA-IR, HOMA β-cell function and QUICK-I index. The results of the present study clearly indicate that the stingless bee pollen significantly decreased the levels of fasting blood glucose and HbA1c. Stingless bee pollen improves the plasma insulin and C-peptide levels. From the arithmetic data, stingless bee pollen reduces the insulin resistance and enhances β-cell function and insulin sensitivity. The antidiabetic efficacy was more pronounced in rats treated with stingless bee pollen. The results obtained clearly evidenced that the stingless bee pollen significant antidiabetic properties used in the present study.
 Keyword: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, High fat diet, stingless bee pollen, Antidiabetic properties

Twenty-Four-Hour Urinary Sugars Biomarker in a Vending Machine Intake Paradigm in a Diverse Population.

Accurately measuring dietary sugars intake in large-scale epidemiological studies is necessary to understand dietary sugars' true impact on health. Researchers have developed a biomarker that can be used to assess total sugars intake. Our objective is to test this biomarker in diverse populations using an ad libitum intake protocol. Healthy adult participants (n = 63; 58% Indigenous Americans/Alaska Natives; 60% male; BMI (mean ± SD) = 30.6 ± 7.6 kg.m2) were admitted for a 10-day inpatient stay. On day 2, body composition was measured by DXA, and over the last 3 days, ad libitum dietary intake was measured using a validated vending machine paradigm. Over the same days, participants collected daily 24 h urine used to measure sucrose and fructose. The 24 h urinary sucrose and fructose biomarker (24hruSF) (mg/d) represents the sum of 24 h urinary sucrose and fructose excretion levels. The association between the 3-day mean total sugars intake and log 24uSF level was assessed using the Pearson correlation. A linear mixed model regressing log-biomarker on total sugars intake was used to investigate further the association between biomarker, diet, and other covariates. Mean (S.D.) total sugars intake for the group was 197.7 g/d (78.9). Log 24uSF biomarker was moderately correlated with total sugars intake (r = 0.33, p = 0.01). In stratified analyses, the correlation was strongest in females (r = 0.45, p = 0.028), the 18-30 age group (r = 0.44, p = 0.079), Indigenous Americans (r = 0.51, p = 0.0023), and the normal BMI category (r = 0.66, p = 0.027). The model adjusted for sex, age, body fat percent, and race/ethnicity demonstrated a statistically significant association between 24uSF and total sugars intake (β = 0.0027, p < 0.0001) and explained 31% of 24uSF variance (marginal R2 = 0.31). Our results demonstrated a significant relationship between total sugars intake and the 24uSF biomarker in this diverse population. However, the results were not as strong as those of controlled feeding studies that investigated this biomarker.

AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF PRAMEHA: A CASE STUDY

Diabetes, which is a metabolic disorder, is the most common disorder affecting more than 30 million people with type 2 diabetes is characterized by polydipsia, polyphagia, and polyuria that can be related to Prameha. The pa-rameters for the diagnosis of diabetes are fasting blood sugar (FBS), post prandial blood sugar (PPBS), fasting urine sugar (FUS), post prandial urine sugar (PPUS) and glycated hemoglobin (Hba1c). The word prameha com-prises of 2 words ‘Pra’ which means Abundant and ‘Meha’ which means ‘passing of large quantity of urine’. In Ayurveda the cardinal features of Prameha which is caused by vitiation of all doshas mainly Bahudrava Shleshma1 are Prabhootha mutrata and Avila mutrata1. The complaints of diabetes are included under Medova-ha sroto Vikara. Two broad classifications of Prameha are Sahaja and Apatya Nimittaja characterized by krusha pramehi and sthula pramehi2 respectively. A 44-year male patient, with the complaint of weight loss, increased thirst for 11 months on regular body check-up came to know that his blood sugar &amp; urine sugar levels were high i.e., FBS – 263mg/dl, PPBS – 396mg/dl, FUS – 0.5% and PPUS – 2%, Hba1c 13.6. Based on the symptoms and presentation it was diagnosed as Apatya Nimittaja, sthula pramehi and treatment was done for the same. This case was managed with sthula pramehi chikitsa siddhanta3,4 (treatment principles of diabetes) with the shodhana i, e virechana followed by administration of Shilajathu, yava and meha abhaya kashaya. The weight of the pa-tient was maintained throughout the treatment, without allowing the condition to enter into vataja prameha which is asadhya condition. A significant improvement was observed with decreased in symptoms and decrease in blood and urine sugar levels.

Comparative safety and study of Shadguna Makaradhwaja prepared from thin foils of gold and residue with Guduchi Ghana (aqueous extract of Tinospora cordifolia Miers.) in management of Madhumeha (type 2 diabetes): A double-blind, randomized, clinical trial

Abstract Background: Diabetes turns out to be an intense worldwide public health problem. Makaradhwaja is in practice for the treatment of Madhumeha (diabetes mellitus) due to its Pramehaghna (antidiabetic) and Rasayana (immunomodulatory and rejuvenating) properties with the number of preclinical and clinical trials in diabetes. The present study was carried out to compare the efficacy of Shadguna Makaradhwaja prepared from (Varkha) thin foils of gold (SM-V) and Shadguna Makaradhwaja prepared from Apakwa Talastha Swarna Bhasma (residue of gold remained at the bottom of glass bottle during Kupipakwa) (SM-R) with Guduchi Ghana (GG) (aqueous extract of Tinospora cordifolia Miers) in type 2 diabetes. Materials and methods: In this prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial, 82 patients of type 2 diabetes were treated with SM-V with GG (250 mg) and SM-R with GG (250 mg) twice daily before food with honey for 28 days. The assessment of changes observed in hemogram, blood glucose, lipid profile, hepatic, renal profile, and clinical symptoms was carried out. Results: After 28 days of medication, fasting blood glucose level decreased significantly in SM-R, whereas postprandial blood glucose level significantly decreased in SM-V treated group. A significant improvement in subjective parameters and reduction in blood and urine sugar was noted with baseline. Hemogram and hepatic and renal function profiles (safety parameters) in both groups were not significantly different from the baseline. No adverse events were reported during the study period. Conclusion: SM-V, along with GG, is more effective in comparison with SM-R, thereby improving the quality of life of patients along with significant glycemic control and free from any untoward effect. Makaradhwaja can be used as an effective drug for diabetes.

Solid-Phase Microextraction Techniques and Application in Food and Horticultural Crops.

Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a sample preparation technique which utilizes small amounts of an extraction phase for the extraction of target analytes from investigated sample matrices. Its simplicity of use, relatively short sample processing time, and fiber reusability have made SPME an attractive choice for many analytical applications. SPME has been widely applied to the sampling and analysis of environmental, food, aromatic, metallic, forensic, and pharmaceutical samples. Solid phase microextraction is used in horticultural crops, for example, to determine water and soil contaminants (pesticides, alcohols, phenols, amines, herbicides, etc.). SPME is also used in the food industry to separate biologically active substances in food products for various purposes, for example, disease prevention, determining the smell of food products, and analyzing tastes. SPME has been applied to forensic analysis to determine the alcohol concentration in blood and that of sugar in urine. This method has also been widely used in pharmaceutical analysis. It is a solvent-free sample preparation technique that integrates sampling, isolation, and concentration. This review focuses on recent work on the use of SPME techniques in the analysis of food and horticultural crops.

The Impact of Barley-based diet on Diabetes: A Case-Report

Background: Diabetes is becoming more prevalent in India. The increase in prevalence in most populations has probably been driven by modifiable risk factors, including lack of exercise and an increasing prevalence of overweight/obesity and unhealthy diets and habits. Yava(Barley)is one among the food articles and its preparation is extensively suggested in Prameha(Diabetes) and other lifestyle disorders. Diet intervention is the primary and effective way to control sugar levels. Diet therapy without much alteration of one’s habits will be acceptable to individuals. A barley-based diet is formulated and evaluated for its effectiveness in the case of diabetics.&#x0D; Aim: To study the effectiveness of a Yava-based diet on fasting and postprandial blood sugars, fasting and postprandial urine sugars and lipid profile. &#x0D; Study Design: Modified crossover study&#x0D; Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Swasthavritta, Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda and Hospital, Hassan, between December 2022 and February 2023.&#x0D; Methodology: A single case study was designed and a barley-based diet was planned as a flatbread, suggested for a month as a dietetic intervention along with the routine dietary habit. The diabetic subject was screened in the outpatient department. Laboratory investigations were carried out at one-month intervals three times. Subject studied for observation period and intervention period with the follow-ups. &#x0D; Results: There were decreases in blood sugar and urine sugar levels and in lipid profile. Symptoms like polyphagia, heaviness in the body are also reduced.&#x0D; Conclusion: Ayurveda literature opines Prameha is a disease of vitiated Kapha and fat tissue. Yava has the properties of pacifying Kapha and fat. The diet plan acts as a potential antidiabetic food. Yava can be an alternative to other grains and more beneficial for diabetes.

Correlation of lactulose-to-mannitol ratios in plasma and urine for intestinal permeability assessment in pigs.

The lactulose-to-mannitol ratio test is a test to assess the disorders associated with gut permeability. The test requires an oral administration of the mixture of lactulose and mannitol and urine collection. The urinary ratio of lactulose to mannitol is an indicator of intestinal permeability. Due to the complexity of urine collection in animal studies, plasma exposure ratios of lactulose to mannitol compared to their urinary concentration ratios were evaluated following an oral administration of the sugar mixture in pigs. 10 pigs were orally dosed with a solution of lactulose and mannitol mixture. Plasma samples were collected at predose, 10 and 30 minutes and 2, 4, and 6 hours postdosing, and cumulated urinary samples were collected at 6 hours for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. The ratios of pharmacokinetic parameters of lactulose to mannitol and the plasma sugar ratios at a single time point or the mean values of several time points were compared to their urinary sugar ratios. The results revealed that the lactulose-to-mannitol ratios of AUC0-6h, AUCextrap, and Cmax were correlated to the urinary sugar ratios, and the plasma sugar ratios of a single time point at 2, 4, or 6 hours and the mean values of those time points were also appropriate to replace their urinary ratios in pigs. Following an oral administration of lactulose and mannitol mixture, blood collection, and assay can be an option for assessing intestinal permeability, especially in animal studies.

Dynamic nomogram prediction model for diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

BackgroundTo develop a dynamic prediction model for diabetic retinopathy (DR) using systemic risk factors.MethodsThis retrospective study included type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients discharged from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University between May 2020 and February 2022. The early patients (80%) were used for the training set and the late ones (20%) for the validation set.ResultsFinally, 1257 patients (1049 [80%] in the training set and 208 [20%] in the validation set) were included; 360 (28.6%) of them had DR. The areas under the curves (AUCs) for the multivariate regression (MR), least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression (LASSO), and backward elimination stepwise regression (BESR) models were 0.719, 0.727, and 0.728, respectively. The Delong test showed that the BESR model had a better predictive value than the MR (p = 0.04899) and LASSO (P = 0.04999) models. The DR nomogram risk model was established according to the BESR model, and it included disease duration, age at onset, treatment method, total cholesterol, urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR), and urine sugar. The AUC, kappa coefficient, sensitivity, specificity, and compliance of the nomogram risk model in the validation set were 0.79, 0.48, 71.2%, 78.9%, and 76.4%, respectively.ConclusionsA relatively reliable DR nomogram risk model was established based on the BESR model.

History and Evolution of Capillary Glucose Monitoring

Abstract Monitoring of blood glucose levels is an inevitable part of diabetes management. The last decade was marked by path-breaking and transformational changes in diabetes technologies that ushered in the introduction of a wide spectrum of glucose monitoring devices that are more reliable and user-friendly. This review describes the evolution of capillary glucose monitoring from simple urine sugar screening tests to reagent strip systems and to sophisticated glucose monitors over the past four decades since the introduction of the first glucose meter in 1970.

Estimations of Serum Creatinine, Urea, and Some Urine Parameters among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus after More than Ten Years Disease Onset

Background: Assessment of a patient’s renal function may be used for two different purposes. One is to diagnose impaired renal function, and the other is to detect the presence of a progressive loss of renal function over time 1. In Sudan according to our knowledge there is lack of information regarding the impact of prolong type 2 diabetes mellitus on the renal function.&#x0D; Objective: This study aims to assess renal function described as serum creatinine, urea and some urine parameters in type 2 diabetics after more than ten years onset. To detect impact of patient age and the duration on renal function.&#x0D; Materials and methods: This study was designed as case control study, carried out in Northern State, Al Dabbah, during the period from Februarys to June 2014. Include 100 samples (57 males and 43 females), 50 samples collected from patient with more than ten years type 2 diabetic (27 males and 23 females) and 50 samples collected from healthy volunteers as pre described by physical examination and medical history (30 males and 20 females). &#x0D; Results: The results showed statistically significant increase in the serum levels of creatinine and urea in diabetic compared to their copartner with p.value 0.000 and mean ± SD (3.29±2.25, 1.28±0.35) mg/dl and (63.88±3.38, 21.28±5.48) mg/dl for diabetic and non-diabetic respectively. urine parameters showed elevation and presence of albumin 35% in diabetic and 1% in non-diabetic, sugar 99% for diabetic and 0% in non-diabetic, acetone 60% for diabetic and 0% for non-diabetic, pus 55% for diabetic and 5% for non-diabetic, calcium oxalate 66% for diabetic and 1% for non-diabetic, RBCs 5% for diabetic and 2% for non-diabetic, yeast cells 2% for diabetic and 1% for non-diabetic, epithelial cells 11% for diabetic and 1% for non-diabetic. &#x0D; Conclusion: There were significant increase in serum levels of creatinine and urea. And urine albumin, sugar, acetone, pus and calcium oxalate. Positive correlation between duration and urea and no correlation between duration and creatinine in case group. There were no significant changes in RBCs, yeast cells and epithelial cells. Patients should have regular screening renal function tests.

Efficacy of Haridra Churna and Chandraprabha Vati along with Pippali Churna in Madhumeha (Type 2 Diabetes)

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) has turned out to be a considerable silent killer today within the world. It can be correlated with Madhumeha, mentioned under the types of Vataja Prameha. It can be managed conservatively with modifications in diet, exercise, medication, and lifestyle. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the hypoglycemic effect of Haridra Churna and Chandraprabha Vati along with Pippali Churna in Madhumeha type 2 DM. Materials and Methods: Forty patients were allocated for intervention in two groups. In Group A, 3-g Haridra Churna and in Group B, 500-mg Chandraprabha Vati, both are given with 500-mg “Pippali Churna” twice in a day for 21 days, before meal with lukewarm water. The data study was analyzed by Chi-square/Fisher exact test for subjective criteria and Student's paired t-test for objective criteria to check the level of significance. Results: Significant results (P &lt; 0.001) were found in subjective parameters were seen such as polyuria (Prabhuta Mutrata), polyphagia (Kshudhadhikya), polydipsia (Trishnadhikya), exhaustion, loss of body weight, giddiness, polyneuritis (Praharsha), and visual disturbance in both group. Haridra Churna had a significant impact (P &lt; 0.01) on reducing the objective parameters such as fetal bovine serum (FBS), postprandial blood sugar, and urine (sugar) levels. However, in some of the symptomatic parameters, Chandraprabha Vati showed significant results which have become mandatory to be taken in consideration. However, in reducing the FBS levels, both Chandraprabha Vati and Haridra Churna were equally effective. Conclusion: Haridra Churna and Chandraprabh Vati along with Pippali Churna have showed significant improvement in the symptoms of Madhumeha and blood sugar levels.

Magneto-stress-electric-coupled biosensors originated in magnetostrictive effect for sensitization

The stress-electric coupling based on receptor functionalization provides a new paradigm for biosensor development. However, it is difficult to avoid the gravity factor of the sensitive element since it can suppress biosensor sensitivity. Herein, a magnetic-sensitization sensing system based on multi-physical field coupling of stress, magnetism, and electricity is proposed to improve the sensitivity of surface stress biosensor. The gravitational interference of sensitive film is eliminated by the magnetostriction of TbDyFe under a magnetic field, amplifying the surface stress-induced film deformation. The urine protein and sugar detections associated with kidney disease serve as a proof of concept revealing the improved sensitivity. The calculated limits of detection (LODs) of urine protein and sugar are 0.21 ng/mL and 0.45 nM, respectively. The LODs are significantly lower than those of traditional surface stress biosensors without magnetic coupling, showing consistency with previous simulation and performance analysis. Furthermore, the urine protein and sugar in clinical samples are accurately detected, showing good practicability of the prepared biosensor. All these results indicate that magneto-stress-electric coupling in magnetostrictive effect contributes to the enhanced performance of surface stress biosensor and provides a platform for highly sensitive detection of clinical biomarkers.

The construction and validation of a lead exposure screening tool for pregnant women in Thailand (ThaiL8Is)

ObjectivesTo construct, validate, and implement a new screening tool for lead exposure in Thai pregnant women. MethodsA cross-sectional study that included three processes: screening tool development, validation, and implementation. The participants were pregnant women who had received antenatal care at district health promotion hospitals. There were 100 pregnant women in Nakhon Si Thammarat province during the validation process, and 30 pregnant women in Phang Nga province during the implementation process. Blood lead levels (BLLs) were analysed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The sensitivity and specificity of the screening instrument, as well as the Area Under the Curve (AUC), demonstrate its validity. ResultsThere were 80 BLL-related items found through the collection of primary and secondary data and examined for validity and inter-rater reliability by five experts. Six items were excluded because the values were less than the criteria set. Seventy-four items remained with the Item Content Validity Index (I-CVI) = 0.80–1.00, the Content Validity Index Average (S-CVI/Ave) = 0.91, and Kappa scores = 0.76–1.00. After using 74 items collected on pregnant women, only 31 items were included in the validation process. Following that, the pooled eight items with cut-off point scores of 1 had the highest validity, which included systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, urine sugar, haemoglobin level, occupation, drinking coffee, using chemical products, and education level (ThaiL8Is). The ThaiL8Is in the validation process yielded sensitivity = 80.9%, specificity = 69.8%, and an AUC (95%CI) = 0.78 (0.69–0.87). The implementation process has confirmed the validity of the screening tool; sensitivity = 78.9%, specificity = 81.8%, and the AUC (95%CI) = 0.80 (0.63–0.97). ConclusionsThe ThaiL8Is a valid screening tool for Thai pregnant women. ThaiL8Is' sensitivity in detecting the risk groups for lead exposure can be enhanced by a combination of biochemical markers used in routine prenatal screening. It can be used to screen pregnant women for early indicators of lead exposure prior to a blood lead test.

Frequency and Risk Factors for Hyperglycemia in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia During Induction Chemotherapy

Background: Hyperglycemia is a common side effect and it has long been recognized as a consequence of corticosteroids and L-asparaginase, chemotherapeutic agents key to ALL treatment. This study was done to determine the frequency and identify the risk factors for hyperglycemia in paediatric ALL during induction chemotherapy.&#x0D; Material &amp; Methods: This prospective observational study was done among 87 newly diagnosed ALL cases of 1-18 years of age. After initial work up patient got induction chemotherapy according to UK ALL 2003 (modified) protocol in BSMMU. Anthropometric measurements and CBC, RBS/ 2 hours after glucose/ FBS and corresponding urine sugar was assessed after 2nd, 4th, 6th and 9th dose of Lasparaginase and after completion of induction. Data were analyzed by SPSS 17.0.&#x0D; Results: Eight patients (9.75%) of the study cohort developed hyperglycemia. Among ³10 years of age 36.8% had hyperglycemia compared to 1.6% of younger children (p&lt;0.001). No gender difference was found. Obese and overweight (p &lt;0.001 in both cases), positive family history of diabetes mellitus using 4 drugs during induction remission phase of chemotherapy were found significant risk factors for hyperglycemia.&#x0D; Conclusion: In this study frequency of hyperglycemia was 9.75% and frequency of transient hyperglycemia (TH) was 7.3%. Older age, obese or overweight children, positive family history of diabetes mellitus, patient getting regimen B according to UK-ALL 2003 (modified) protocol had shown increase the risk of hyperglycemia.&#x0D; BANGLADESH J CHILD HEALTH 2021; VOL 45 (3) : 155-161

Efficacy of traditional yogic practices in psychological variable among type 2 diabetic middle age women

Diabetes Mellitus is, a long period (or 'persistent') condition that happens when an individual's glucose level increase and the ensuing discharge of sugar in urine, since Pancreas not make any or adequate Insulin. Yoga practices are fundamental among Type 2 Diabetic middle age women. The goals of the review was to analysis where would be any tremendous decrease on chosen Psychological variable such as Stress because of practices of Traditional yoga among Type 2 Diabetic middle age women. 30 middle age of 35 and 45 years Type 2 Diabetic women from Chennai were choose through random sampling group and they were split into Group A and B with 15 each subjects. It was hypothesised that due of practices of Traditional yoga on Stress was decreased among Type 2 Diabetic women with middle aged. Group A (experimental) was given traditional yoga, Group B (Control) got no particular treatment except for were in dynamic rest. Both pre and post test was given for the Group A and B before and after twelve weeks of traditional yoga program and Analysis of Co-variance was used as statistical tool.

Biogenic Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Catharanthus roseus and Its Cytotoxicity Effect on Vero Cell Lines.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is a chronic and sometimes fatal condition which affects people all over the world. Nanotherapeutics have shown tremendous potential to combat chronic diseases—including DM2—as they enhance the overall impact of drugs on biological systems. Greenly synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Catharanthus roseus methanolic extract (C. AgNPs) were examined primarily for their cytotoxic and antidiabetic effects. Methods: Characterization of C. AgNPs was performed by UV–vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The C. AgNPs were trialed on Vero cell line and afterwards on an animal model (rats). Results: The C. AgNPs showed standard structural and functional characterization as revealed by FTIR and XRD analyses. The zetapotential analysis indicated stability while EDX analysis confirmed the formation of composite capping with Ag metal. The cytotoxic effect (IC50) of C. AgNPs on Vero cell lines was found to be 568 g/mL. The animal model analyses further revealed a significant difference in water intake, food intake, body weight, urine volume, and urine sugar of tested rats after treatment with aqueous extract of C. AgNPs. Moreover, five groups of rats including control and diabetic groups (NC1, PC2, DG1, DG2, and DG3) were investigated for their blood glucose and glycemic control analysis. Conclusions: The C. AgNPs exhibited positive potential on the Vero cell line as well as on experimental rats. The lipid profile in all the diabetic groups (DG1-3) were significantly increased compared with both of the control groups (p < 0.05). The present study revealed the significance of C. AgNPs in nanotherapeutics.