Estimations of Serum Creatinine, Urea, and Some Urine Parameters among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus after More than Ten Years Disease Onset

Abstract

Background: Assessment of a patient’s renal function may be used for two different purposes. One is to diagnose impaired renal function, and the other is to detect the presence of a progressive loss of renal function over time 1. In Sudan according to our knowledge there is lack of information regarding the impact of prolong type 2 diabetes mellitus on the renal function.
 Objective: This study aims to assess renal function described as serum creatinine, urea and some urine parameters in type 2 diabetics after more than ten years onset. To detect impact of patient age and the duration on renal function.
 Materials and methods: This study was designed as case control study, carried out in Northern State, Al Dabbah, during the period from Februarys to June 2014. Include 100 samples (57 males and 43 females), 50 samples collected from patient with more than ten years type 2 diabetic (27 males and 23 females) and 50 samples collected from healthy volunteers as pre described by physical examination and medical history (30 males and 20 females). 
 Results: The results showed statistically significant increase in the serum levels of creatinine and urea in diabetic compared to their copartner with p.value 0.000 and mean ± SD (3.29±2.25, 1.28±0.35) mg/dl and (63.88±3.38, 21.28±5.48) mg/dl for diabetic and non-diabetic respectively. urine parameters showed elevation and presence of albumin 35% in diabetic and 1% in non-diabetic, sugar 99% for diabetic and 0% in non-diabetic, acetone 60% for diabetic and 0% for non-diabetic, pus 55% for diabetic and 5% for non-diabetic, calcium oxalate 66% for diabetic and 1% for non-diabetic, RBCs 5% for diabetic and 2% for non-diabetic, yeast cells 2% for diabetic and 1% for non-diabetic, epithelial cells 11% for diabetic and 1% for non-diabetic. 
 Conclusion: There were significant increase in serum levels of creatinine and urea. And urine albumin, sugar, acetone, pus and calcium oxalate. Positive correlation between duration and urea and no correlation between duration and creatinine in case group. There were no significant changes in RBCs, yeast cells and epithelial cells. Patients should have regular screening renal function tests.