Sugar Honey Research Articles

Physicochemical Properties, Antioxidative and Antibacterial Activities of the Persian Medicine-Based Maolasal Honey: An Experimental Study

Background: Maolasal is a honey-induced product which may lead to several beneficial effects from the Persian Medicine (PM) point of view. Heating process as a major step of Maolasal preparation may decrease the honey quality and deteriorate thermal treatment indicators of honey. Methods: This study was conducted on four honey samples (from different floral sources). Maolasal preparation process was done according to one of the most important PM references “Gharabadin Kabir”. Thermal treatment indices, antibacterial and antioxidative activities of products were measured. Results: The 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) concentrations of PM-based Maolasal samples of polyfloral, monofloral, and sugar honey were higher than 40 mg/kg; while PM-based Maolasal sample of monofloral honey had acceptable HMF concentration (38.9 mg/kg). Proline content of all samples decreased thorough Maolasal preparation and simple heating processes in all samples and these reductions were greater in monofloral honey and sugar honey Maolasal samples. Maolasal preparation processes decreased diastase activity of all samples. Although Maolasal preparation process led to sucrose content reduction in the three Maolasal samples, sucrose content of Maolasal sample of monofloral honey was higher than its raw sample. Maolasal preparation process increased total phenolic content of all samples. Finally, Maolasal preparation process led to an increase in antibacterial and antioxidant activities of all the samples. Conclusion: Maolasal samples reduced diastasis activity and proline content and increased HMF concentration. Maolasal preparation process may lead to an increase in antibacterial and antioxidative activities of honey which may be helpful for special preventive/therapeutic medicinal objectives.

СРАВНЕНИЕ ОРГАНОЛЕПТИЧЕСКИХ И ФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКИХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ НАТУРАЛЬНОГО И ФАЛЬСИФИЦИРОВАННОГО МЕДА

Currently, such falsifications of honey as «sugar honey» (obtained by feeding bees with sugar syrup during the honey collection time) and «artificial honey» (obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of sucrose) are the most common and difficult to detect. To identify them, the comprehensive assessment of organoleptic and physicochemical parameters is carried out. It’s a labor- and time-consuming process, and, unfortunately, doesn’t always guarantee obtaining objective results. The paper presents the results of palynological, organoleptic and physicochemical analyzes of these falsifications, as well as samples of natural linden tree honey. It has been established that both falsifications were characterized by a low content of pollen grains. The analysis of their organoleptic parameters didn’t reveal significant deviations from the standards. The reliable data have been obtained as the result of a comprehensive assessment of physicochemical parameters, both regulated by State Standards and some additional ones. The determination of hydrogen peroxide content (H2O2 ) is the most promising additional indicators.

Interior indicators of the organism of bees during the wintering of bee nucleus on cotton, fl ower and sugar honey under the conditions of the Republic of Uzbekistan

Under conditions of prolonged daylight cotton forms a powerful vegetative mass. This slows down the ripening of the pods, which is a signifi cant prerequisite for the use of honey bees in the pollination of this crop. During the season in the cotton-growing zone in the Republic of Uzbekistan bees are transported from six to ten times in special pavilions from one fi eld to another. At the same time cross–pollination increases the yield of cotton crops by two to three times. Cotton honey has a number of distinctive characteristics associated with the presence of essential oil, which gives it special biochemical properties. In 100 g of cotton honey carbohydrates account for up to 80,0 %, less than 1,0 % of proteins in the complete absence of fats. Despite this biochemical composition cotton honey crystallizes. The purpose of the research was to study the interior indicators of the organism of bees during the wintering of bee nucleus on cotton, fl ower and sugar honey under the conditions of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Experiments have been carried out on fi ve varieties of honey used for wintering of bees including cotton honey. It has been shown that the highest levels of interior indicators at the beginning and end of wintering were recorded when using flower honey (the 1st control group), both with the option of forming nucleus in 2 spaces between honeycombs, and in particular in 3 spaces between honeycombs. Here, the preservation of the reserve substances of the fat body in bees was 3,15 points in 2 spaces between honeycombs, and 3,50 points in 3 spaces between honeycombs, compared with the beginning of wintering the decrease was 21,25 and 12,50 %. At the same time the safety of nitrogen, fat and dry matter in the body of working bees of the described group was also high. In the variants with cotton honey (the 2nd experimental group) the decrease was 3,27 and 3,29 times in nitrogen, 1,93 and 1,9 times in fat, 2,22 and 2,12 times in dry matter, respectively. Despite the fact that sugar honey is poor in chemical elements needed by the body of worker bees, it does not crystallize, and its carbohydrates performing an energetic and plastic function, save bees from starvation during the critical period of wintering.

Digitizing cadastral maps in the Syrian Arab Republic using the ArcGIS software

Under conditions of prolonged daylight cotton forms a powerful vegetative mass. This slows down the ripening of the pods, which is a signifi cant prerequisite for the use of honey bees in the pollination of this crop. During the season in the cotton-growing zone in the Republic of Uzbekistan bees are transported from six to ten times in special pavilions from one fi eld to another. At the same time cross–pollination increases the yield of cotton crops by two to three times. Cotton honey has a number of distinctive characteristics associated with the presence of essential oil, which gives it special biochemical properties. In 100 g of cotton honey carbohydrates account for up to 80,0 %, less than 1,0 % of proteins in the complete absence of fats. Despite this biochemical composition cotton honey crystallizes. The purpose of the research was to study the interior indicators of the organism of bees during the wintering of bee nucleus on cotton, fl ower and sugar honey under the conditions of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Experiments have been carried out on fi ve varieties of honey used for wintering of bees including cotton honey. It has been shown that the highest levels of interior indicators at the beginning and end of wintering were recorded when using fl ower honey (the 1st control group), both with the option of forming nucleus in 2 spaces between honeycombs, and in particular in 3 spaces between honeycombs. Here, the preservation of the reserve substances of the fat body in bees was 3,15 points in 2 spaces between honeycombs, and 3,50 points in 3 spaces between honeycombs, compared with the beginning of wintering the decrease was 21,25 and 12,50 %. At the same time the safety of nitrogen, fat and dry matter in the body of working bees of the described group was also high. In the variants with cotton honey (the 2nd experimental group) the decrease was 3,27 and 3,29 times in nitrogen, 1,93 and 1,9 times in fat, 2,22 and 2,12 times in dry matter, respectively. Despite the fact that sugar honey is poor in chemical elements needed by the body of worker bees, it does not crystallize, and its carbohydrates performing an energetic and plastic function, save bees from starvation during the critical period of wintering.

Comparing Food Security Status between Sana'a and Taiz Governorates, Yemen

As a result of the conflict and aggression on Yemen since 2015, the majority of the Yemeni families have become unable to obtain and provide the food necessary for the continuation of life due to high prices, interruption of salaries, lack of job opportunities and deteriorating agricultural production, which in turn leads to a deterioration of the living conditions of the Yemeni families. Household food security is an important measure of well-being. Food security encompasses three dimensions: availability; access and utilization. Although it may not encapsulate all dimensions of poverty, the inability of households to obtain access to enough food for a productive healthy life is an important component of their poverty. Objective: The aim of study is to compare the Food Consumption Pattern (FCP) by Sana'a and Taiz Governorates (Govs), Yemen. Methods: Data was taken from a comprehensive survey that was conducted by the UNICEF during 2016 with a total sample of 921 and 1458 households in Sana'a and Taiz Govs, respectively. The FCP was measured by Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS). Descriptive statistics were used to calculate the consumption rate of Food Groups Consumed (FGC) by two Govs. Results: The findings show cereals, miscellaneous and sugar honey were the most frequently consumed in Taiz Gov, while oils, sugar honey and diary were the most frequently consumed in Sana'a Gov. Households in Sana'a Gov were more likely to consume meat and fruits than those in Taiz Gov. However, households in Taiz Gov were likely to consume seafood and eggs as compared to Sana'a households. Based on the income of household, more than 60% of households (in each Gov) were living on the three first income quintiles. The HDDS cut-off points were used to classify households into sufficient food or not sufficient. Approximately 21% of households in each Gov were consumed three or four or five FGC. Alternatively, HDDS were classified as average number of FGC. The findings indicate that about 62% of households were consumed at least one of seven FGC. Conclusion: HDDS based on average number of FGC should be suggested and lead to realistic results.

Evaluation of rheological, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of natural honey compared to sugar honey

Evaluation of rheological, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of natural honey compared to sugar honey

Mineral and lipid composition the body of the honeybees organism and the biological value of honey in the summer-autumn period under the conditions of feeding honey bees by citrate-capped silver and copper nanoparticles

The article presents the results of investigations of individual mineral elements – Fe, Zn, Cu, Cr, Co, Pb, Cd in the tissues of the honeybees, common lipids and the ratio of their classes in the body of honey bees and the biological value of honey under the conditions of feeding of honey bees by citrate-capped silver and copper nanoparticlescitrates. The research was conducted on the honey bees of the Carpathian race on the basis of the apiary of the Stepan Gzhytskyi National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies Lviv in the summer-autumn period in 5 groups of bee colonies, formed on the principle of analogues, by three bees colony in each group. Control group (I) received a sugar syrup in 1:1 concentration (1000 ml/bee/week). Experimental group (II) additionally added to the syrup Ag in the amount of 0.5 mg/l of sugar syrup, the third experimental group – under similar conditions received Ag in the amount of 1 mg/l, IV group received 0.5 mg of sugar Cu syrup/l and V–Cu in the amount of 1 mg/l of sugar syrup. The trace elements were injected into a sugar syrup in the form of citrates obtained by the nanotechnology method from LLC Nanomaterials and Nanotechnologies, Kyiv. Research period lasted 28 days at a feeding interval of 7 days. According to the research data, certain intergroup differences in the content of mineral elements in the bee organism have been established: the increase of Fe, Co, Cr content in the background of a probable decrease Zn in the samples of the whole body tissues of the IV and V experimental groups. Pb decrease in the content of the tissues of the body of all experimental groups with a high probability in the IV and V experimental groups (P < 0.02) was observed, as well as a tendency to decrease the level of Cd in the tissues of the whole organism in all experimental groups compared with the control group. According to the results of the conducted studies, the growth of the content of common lipids in the whole of the bees is observed and the probable differences in the fractional distribution of lipids are expressed. In particular, in the tissues of bees of all experimental group, higher levels of phospholipids and triacylglycerols were observed against the background of a decrease in the relative content of monodiacylglycerols, cholesterol. Feeding with sugar honey bees by citrate-capped silver and copper nanoparticles in the summer-autumn period was characterized by certain differences in the content of individual trace elements in honey in all experimental groups, in particular, higher content of Fe, Cu, Co in samples of honey IV and V experimental groups and decrease in the concentration of Cr, Pb, Cd. According to physico-chemical parameters, in honey of experimental groups, there were probably higher differences in the content of amino acids of proline, diastase activity, and a decrease in pH, water. The content of proline in samples of honey III and IV experimental groups was higher on 22.6% and 16.9% (P < 0.05–0.001) compared to control. In samples of honey II–V in experimental groups, diastase activity increased in 1.7–2.2 times (P < 0.01–0.001), while fluctuations of pH of honey by 4.0–5.0% (P < 0.001) were comparatively to control. Thereby, feeding with sugar syrup citrate-capped silver and copper nanoparticles, in doses of 0.5 and 1 mg, caused a certain corrective effect on the content of Fe, Zn, Cu, Cr, Co, and antagonistic effects on Pb, Cd in tissues and production of honey bees.

ОЦІНКА ВІДПОВІДНОСТІ ЗАКОНОДАВСТУ ЗРАЗКІВ МЕДУ НАТУРАЛЬНОГО РІЗНОГО БОТАНІЧНОГО ПОХОДЖЕННЯ

The Ukrainian market sells honey of different botanical origin, there are at least 30 titles (buckwheat, locust tree, rapeseed, sunflower, clover, lime tree and others). Today, bee honey is enough to meet the needs of a wide range of consumers. However, the attractive price of a product often leads to the appearance of counterfeit or poor-quality honey. Therefore, when it is implemented in various trading networks, it is necessary to carry out an assessment of quality, and to prevent the occurrence of counterfeit to the consumer. The purpose of the work is to investigate the honey of various botanical origin by physical and chemical indices. The task of the study is to establish the conformity of the investigated samples of honey of different botanical origin to the requirements of the current DSTU 4497:2005 Natural honey. Technical conditions for physical and chemical indicators. Materials for research were selected samples of honey of different botanical origin: flower, sunflower, acacia, buckwheat and grass. Tests of honey samples for research were conducted according to DSTU 4497: 2005 Natural honey. Technical conditions. The investigated honey samples of color and other organoleptic parameters corresponded to the current standard. Thus, the flavor was specific, pleasant, without foreign smells, well pronounced, delicate, depending on the botanical origin of honey. The taste of samples of honey of different botanical origin was sweet, tender, pleasant, irritating the mucous membrane of the oral cavity, without foreign flavors. By consistency, samples of honey were, in most cases, liquid and viscous. Symptoms of fermentation and mechanical impurities are not established. According to physico-chemical parameters, samples of honey of different botanical origin corresponded to those specified in DSTU 4497: 2005 Natural honey. Technical conditions. At the same time, in the sample of the buckwheat honey, the indicator of the mass fraction of sucrose was 6,44 ± 0,12 %, which is 1,07 % and 2,9 % higher than the requirements of the current standard for honey 1 and higher the brand. The content of sucrose characterizes honey from the standpoint of its maturity, benignity and may be one of the indicators of botanical origin. The increased rate of sucrose may contribute to the implementation of insufficiently mature, counterfeit sugar, or sugar honey. For falsification of honey by sucrose, its organoleptic properties deteriorate, diastase activity decreases, mineral content and invert sugar decreases, and the sucrose content rises. We believe that the investigated honey samples are obtained due to insufficient maturation. In our study, based on the values of hydroxymethylfurfural content, only samples of acacia honey and honey from herbs corresponded to the higher grade, the rest – to the first. According to the electrical conductivity only samples of flower honey and honey from different herbs responded to the highest grade, the rest – to the first. According to the values of proline content, honey samples from buckwheat and herbs corresponded to the higher grade of the others for the first.

Establishment of Lactobacillus plantarum strain in honey bee digestive tract monitored using gfp fluorescence

Lactic acid bacteria are symbiotic bacteria that naturally reside in the gastrointestinal tract of honey bees. They serve a multitude of functions and are considered beneficial and completely harmless. In our experiments Lactobacillus plantarum strain B35, isolated from honey bee digestive tract, was modified using pAD43-25 plasmid carrying a functional GFP gene sequence (gfpmut3a) and used as a model for monitoring and optimisation of the mode of application. The establishment of this strain in honey bee digestive tract was monitored using GFP fluorescence. Three different modes of oral application of this strain were tested: water suspension of lyophilised bacteria, aerosol application of these bacteria and consumption of sugar honey paste containing the lyophilised lactobacilli. Two days after administration the L. plantarum B35-gfp was present throughout the honey bee digestive tract with 104-105 cfu/bee with highest count observed for aerosol application.

Efectos de la presión de evaporación y la concentración de antiespumante y del uso de floculante y coadyuvante en la calidad de la miel y la panela

La implementación de evaporadores multiefecto en el proceso panelero requiere, además del ajuste tecnológico, mantener las características del producto; esta condición develó el desconocimiento del efecto de la presión de evaporación sobre la calidad de la panela. Para llenar parte de este vacío, se buscó determinar el efecto tanto de la concentración de antiespumante como del uso de floculante (Heliocarpus popayanensis Kunth) y coadyuvante (cal) sobre la calidad de la miel y la panela, cuando la evaporación se realiza a presiones diferentes a la atmosférica. Para ello, se trabajó en dos diseños experimentales completamente al azar, con cuatro repeticiones, una densidad de flujo calórico de evaporación de 27,78 kW/m2 y jugo de la variedad CC85-46. En el primero se estudiaron las variables presión de evaporación y uso de floculante y coadyuvante, con un arreglo factorial de 4x2x2 y sin antiespumante. En el segundo, se estudiaron las variables presión de evaporación y cantidad de antiespumante, con un arreglo factorial de 4x3 y sin floculante ni coadyuvante. Los resultados permiten concluir que la calidad del producto se deteriora en sistemas presurizados (se incrementa el coeficiente glucósido hasta en 200%), no se afecta con el uso de hasta 50 μL de antiespumante por litro de jugo clarificado y mejora con el uso de floculante (se disminuye la turbidez en 55%). La solidificación y la dureza mejoran con el coadyuvante, pero este incrementa 48% el color y 24% la turbidez.

Impact of Supplement Diets on Flights of Cross Breed Honeybee (<i>Apis mellifera</i> L.)

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the response of supplement diets on flight activities of cross breed honeybee (Apis mellifera Lin.) in Chitwan, Nepal. The experiment consisted of five replications and four feeding treatments: feeding low dose sugar (syrup of 166 g sugar); feeding high dose sugar (syrup of 333 g sugar); feeding modified diet (syrup of 166 g sugar + 30 g pollen substitute); and control (no diet supplement except 250 g sugar honey candy to prevent from starvation). Each hive (replication) consisted of five-framed A. mellifera colony, which were fed for six days with four days breaks in each feeding and altogether eleven feedings were provided. Sugar syrup feeding stimulated bee foragers flights by 908-987% out-going and 578-704% in-coming, respectively. Modified diet (low dose sugar syrup combined with pollen substitute) was suitable for off-season management of honeybee colonies, which supported high rate of flight activities i.e. 3.3 times out-going and 2.8 times in-coming as compared to the control colonies. Other treatments were intermediate types. The combined diet also showed higher flights than feeding low dose sugar syrup alone indicating necessity of feeding appropriate diet during off-season under Chitwan condition for good flight and foraging activities of honeybees. 
 
 Key words: Pollen substitutes, sugar syrup/sugar-honey candy, out-going, in-coming, cross breed
 
 J. Inst. Agric. Anim. Sci. 26:71-76 (2005)

The consumer's good chemical guide: a jargon-free guide to the chemicals of everyday life

Part 1 Perfumes: Chanel No 5 the chemistry of smell making fragrant molecules human scents aphrodisiacs aromatherapy. Part 2 Sweetness and light: sugar honey sugar as a chemical resource bulk sweeteners artificial sweeteners what makes a molecule taste sweet? Part 3 Alcohol: alcohol and body chemistry the production and chemistry of alcoholic drinks fraudulent drink the risks and benefits of drinking alcohol. Part 4 Cholesterol, fats and fibre: cholesterol oils and fats fibre hidden fibre (resistant starch) the chemistry of successful dieting. Part 5 Painkillers and painful decisions: thalidomide painkillers arthritis and non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs opiates toxicity risk. Part 6 PVC: in praise of plastics the manufacture of PVC the additives and hazards of PVC the environmental audit. Part 7 Dioxins, the world's deadliest toxins?: chlorinated phenols tracking down dioxins dioxins at large hidden dangers the verdict. Part 8 Nitrate: the nitrogen cycle in nature food fertilizers nitrate in natural waters nitrate in the diet nitrate and human health. Part 9 Carbon dioxide, CO2: carbon dioxide, COs greenhouse gases the global CO2 budget global warming the good side of carbon dioxide. Part 10 Take care.

Sublethal Effects of Parathion, Methyl Parathion, or Formulated Methoprene Fed to Colonies of Honey Bees 12

Small colonies of honey bees in outdoor flight cages were fed insecticide treated syrup and water for 31 days. Consumption and utilization of food and production of sugar honey, wax, and bees were measured. Even at 1000 ppm, methoprene gave no observed hormonal effects, but one formulation (Altosid R 5E) eliminated brood production. Although adult kill was not significant, bees had less sealed brood when they were given methyl parathion at 0.02 ppm or parathion at 0.1 ppm. Methyl parathion at 0.2 ppm reduced survival of adults and accumulation of sugar honey. Parathion at one ppm reduced the populations of all stages and accumulation of sugar honey. The results suggest that methoprene is relatively safe for honey bees and that parathion and methyl parathion have deleterious sublethal effects.