Sugarcane Juice Research Articles

An Overview of Spirits Made from Sugarcane Juice.

Among the family of sugarcane spirits, those made from juice are diverse and often produced in a traditional way. They must be distinguished from other sugarcane spirits, which are more widely produced and made from other sugarcane derivatives, such as molasses. These alcoholic beverages contribute significantly to the socio-economic development of many countries. However, despite ancestral know-how, there is a lack of contemporary data required to characterize some sugarcane juice spirits (SCJSs) and to overcome the current and future threats that producers will have to face. While preserving their authenticity and specificity, SCJS producers expect to improve and ensure sufficient yield and a superior quality product. Even if the scientific knowledge on these spirits is not comparable, the available data could help identify the critical points to be improved in the making process. This review aims to present the main SCJSs encountered worldwide, defining their specific features through some important aspects with, notably, references to the complex notion of terroir. To continue, we discuss the main steps of the SCJS process from harvesting to aging. Finally, we expose an inventory of SCJS's chemical compositions and of their sensory description that define the specific organoleptic properties of these spirits.

Formulation of cost-effective medium and optimization studies for enhanced production of rapamycin

BackgroundEnhancing rapamycin production using a cost-effective medium is crucial for wider accessibility, reduced manufacturing costs, sustainable pharmaceutical practices, and advancements in therapeutic applications. It promotes global health, biotechnological innovation, research collaboration, and societal well-being through affordable and effective treatments. This study focuses on the development of a novel cost-effective production medium for the synthesis of rapamycin from Streptomyces hygroscopicus.ResultsIn the initial screening, more rapamycin production was observed in medium A. Initially, the organism produced 10 µg/mL rapamycin. Based on the OFT results, a novel cost-effective medium composition was designed, incorporating soyabean, sugarcane juice, and dried tomato components. Using RSM, soyabean and tomato was found to be more significant in rapamycin production than sugarcane. In the optimized medium, the production of rapamycin increased significantly to 24 µg/mL. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of the growth kinetics between the production normal medium (referred to as production medium A) and the newly optimized cost-effective production medium revealed that the optimized cost-effective production medium significantly enhanced the production of rapamycin.ConclusionOverall, this study demonstrates the successful development of a cost-effective production medium for rapamycin synthesis from S. hygroscopicus. The findings highlight the potential of using a cost-effective medium to enhance the production of a valuable secondary metabolite, rapamycin, while reducing production costs.

Removal of Colorants from Sugarcane Juice and Remelt Syrup by Bagasse-Based Biochar–Hydroxyapatite Composites

Removal of Colorants from Sugarcane Juice and Remelt Syrup by Bagasse-Based Biochar–Hydroxyapatite Composites

The Influence of Oxidizing and Non-Oxidizing Biocides on Enzymatic and Microbial Activity in Sugarcane Processing

Processing aids are utilized during raw sugar manufacturing at sugarcane processing facilities to mitigate unwanted contamination from microorganisms and their associated exopolysaccharides (EPS). Microorganisms in processing facilities contribute to sugar losses through sucrose inversion and consumption, with many bacteria strains subsequently producing dextran and fructan EPS that can cause downstream issues related to viscosity and crystallization. Similar issues also result from the presence of unwanted starches from plant material in cane juices. Processing aids include biocides for bacterial inhibition, and enzymes (e.g., dextranase, amylase) to break down polysaccharides in juices. However, oxidizing biocide processing aids (e.g., sodium hypochlorite) may inhibit enzymatic processing aid activity. In this study, biocides (sodium hypochlorite, carbamate, and hop extract) and enzymes (dextranase and amylase) were simultaneously added to sugarcane juice to measure residual enzymatic activity for dextranase and amylase. The same biocides were also tested to estimate minimum inhibitory concentrations against bacterial strains isolated from Louisiana sugarcane processing facilities. These experiments provide evidence to suggest that sodium hypochlorite may interfere with enzymatic processing aid activity, with lesser/limited enzymatic inhibition from carbamates and hop extracts. Biocide susceptibility assays suggest that sodium hypochlorite has limited effectiveness against tested bacterial strains. Hop extract biocide was only effective against Gram-positive Leuconostoc while carbamate biocide showed more broad-spectrum activity against all tested strains.

Optimization of Some Fermentation Conditions for Bioethanol Production from Yam Peels (Dioscorea rotundata) Using Box-Behnken Design (BBD)

Aim: The aim of this research was to optimize the production of bioethanol from a select second generation feedstock (yam peels).
 Methodology: Bioethanol was produced from yam peels using Box Behnken Design (BBD). The independent variables selected for optimization of bioethanol yield were; fermentation temperature (˚C), fermentation time (hours) and yeast concentration (%w/v). A set of 17 experiments were considered by design expert software. All experiments were run in triplicates. Test for bioethanol was carried out using acidified potassium dichromate method and absorbance was taken using a spectrophotometer at 600nm.
 Results: From the experiments carried out above, the optimum conditions under which the highest bioethanol (yield%) was produced were a fermentation temperature of 30̊C, yeast concentration of 5.50%w/v and fermentation time of 96hours under which a bioethanol yield of 45.79% was produced.
 Conclusion: Yam peels may therefore have the potentials to serve as substrates for bioethanol production rather than using food crops such as sugarcane juice and cassava flesh which may lead to food shortages and crisis especially is developing countries such as Nigeria.

The Spirit of Cachaça Production: An Umbrella Review of Processes, Flavour, Contaminants and Quality Improvement.

This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the production, classification, and quality control of cachaça, a traditional Brazilian sugarcane spirit with significant cultural importance. It explores the fermentation and distillation of sugarcane juice, the ageing process in wooden containers, and the regulatory aspects of cachaça labelling. It emphasises the role of quality control in maintaining the spirit's integrity, focusing on monitoring copper levels in distillation stills. Ethyl carbamate (EC), a potential carcinogen found in cachaça, is investigated, with the study illuminating factors influencing its formation and prevalence and the importance of its vigilant monitoring for ensuring safety and quality. It also underscores the control of multiple parameters in producing high-quality cachaça, including raw material selection, yeast strains, acidity, and contaminants. Further, the impact of ageing, wood cask type, and yeast strains on cachaça quality is examined, along with potential uses of vinasse, a cachaça by-product, in yeast cell biomass production and fertigation. A deeper understanding of the (bio)chemical and microbiological reactions involved in cachaça production is essential to facilitate quality control and standardisation of sensory descriptors, promoting global acceptance of cachaça. Continued research will address safety concerns, improve quality, and support the long-term sustainability and success of the cachaça industry.

Confinement-enhanced microalgal individuals biosensing for digital atrazine assay

Microalgal sensors are widely recognized for their high sensitivity, accessibility, and low cost. However, the current dilemma of motion-induced spatial phase changes and concentration-related multiple scattering interferes with induced test instability and limited sensitivity, which has hindered their practical applications. Here, a differentiated strategy, named confinement-enhanced microalgal biosensing (C-EMB), is developed and proposed to pave the way. The in-situ printed microgel trap is designed to confine Chlamydomonas reinhardtii individuals, stabilizing their spatial phase. The microgel trap arrays are introduced to eliminate the multiple scattering of microalgae, breaking the existing effective concentration in traditional microalgal sensing and enabling sensitive assays. The integration with lab-on-a-chip technology and a developed digital imaging algorithm empower portable and automated detection. With this system, a microalgae analyzer is developed for atrazine detection, featuring a linear range of 0.04–100 μg/L. We assess the system's performance through practical atrazine assays on commercial food, using a double-blind test against a standard instrument. Our results demonstrate the good accuracy and test stability of this system with the mean bias atrazine detection in corn and sugarcane juice samples (SD) were 1.661 μg/L (3.122 μg/L) and 3.144 μg/L (4.125 μg/L), respectively. This method provides a new paradigm of microalgal sensors and should advance the further applications of microalgal sensors in commercial and practical settings.

Optimization of sugarcane juice as a culture medium for scale up of Lactobacillus plantarum TISTR 2083 production

Lactobacillus plantarum TISTR 2083 is one of the industrially relevant lactic acid bacteria vastly used as a probiotic. The culture of L. plantarum TISTR 2083 in sugarcane juice was studied to optimize the culture medium and growth conditions for the highest viable cell production at a low cost. The effect of sugar content (5 - 20°Bx), amount of seed culture (1 - 10%), different nitrogen sources (ammonium sulfate, diammonium phosphate, yeast extract and peptone) with different concentrations (0 – 1.5%), and different agitation speeds (0 – 150 rpm) were investigated in the sugarcane juice growth media for higher cell growth of L. plantarum TISTR 2083. The concentration of sugarcane juice was optimized with 5, 10, 15, and 20°Bx. The highest cell viability was found in the 20°Bx sugarcane juice as 8.90-9.24 log CFU/mL. Moreover, seedlings with a 5% (v/v) seed culture maximized the viable cell (9.07 log CFU/mL) than 1, 3, 7, and 10% seed cultures, respectively. Among different nitrogen sources, high cell viability was obtained using 1.5% yeast extract (8.76-9.11 log CFU/mL). With all other optimized parameters, the agitation speed of 100 rpm resulted in a higher viable cell count. Optimized sugarcane juice can be used as a low-cost medium and a simple bottle fermenter for the scale-up of L. plantarum.

Ultrasonic treatment alleviated cadmium stress in sugarcane via improving antioxidant activity and physiological and biochemical status

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic element that endangers crop growth and affects food safety and human health. Therefore, the study of Cd mitigation technology is important. Ultrasonic treatment can improve crop growth and enhance their ability to resist various abiotic stresses. In this study, the effect of ultrasonic treatment on alleviating sugarcane Cd stress was studied in a barrel experiment using sugarcane varieties ‘ROC22’ and ‘LC05‐136’ as test materials. Sugarcane buds without ultrasonic treatment and with ultrasonic treatment (20–40 kHz mixed frequency ultrasound for 2 min, dry treatment) were planted in soil with Cd contents of 0, 50, 100, 250, and 500 mg·kg−1. Compared with non-ultrasonic treatment, Ultrasonic treatment significantly increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes in sugarcane, significantly increased the content of osmoregulation substances, significantly reduced the content of superoxide anion (the highest decreases reached 11.55%) and malondialdehyde (the highest decreases reached 20.59%), and significantly increased the expression level of metallothionein (MT)-related genes, with the expression of ScMT1 increased by 8.80–37.49% and the expression of ScMT2–1–5 increased by 1.55–69.33%. In addition, ultrasonic treatment significantly reduced the Cd contents in sugarcane roots, stems, leaves, bagasse, and juice (the highest reduction in Cd content was 49.18%). In general, ultrasonic treatment regulated the metabolism of reactive oxygen species and MT-related gene expression in sugarcane, increased the Cd tolerance of sugarcane, promoted photosynthesis in sugarcane leaves, improved root morphology, enhanced sugarcane growth, and increased cane and sugar yield.

Studi Efektivitas Penambahan Bubuk Wortel dan Air Tebu Terhadap Kuat Tekan Beton Guna Mengurangi Dampak Pemanasan Global Akibat Produksi Semen

Cement production which continues to increase along with the high demand for concrete will greatly affect the global warming phenomenon. This is the background for specific research. As far as the literature review has been carried out, there have been findings in the form of carrots and sugar cane, but publications regarding this matter have not been very detailed, they are still carried out in the form of reports, both text and video. Therefore, there is a subjective thought that there is probably something that is still missing in the research. In view of this, the current research aims to determine the relationship between carrots and sugarcane juice in a concrete mixture on its compressive strength. Carrots are processed into powder without chemical additives and the sugar cane is extracted from pure water. The research was carried out on the basis of SNI and regulations that are still in effect with the number of test objects as many as 20 cylinders. In the end, the research facts show that the mix design calculation method by finding the average result of the three SNIs is not correct, because the 2 normal concrete test objects made did not reach the planned value. In addition, from the slump value test, it was found that there was only one and no modified concrete in accordance with the planned value. The results of the value of the compressive strength of concrete produced by all types of concrete specimens are that they do not exceed the planned compressive strength, which is 300 kg/m2.

Health and ecological risks of selected heavy metals in sugarcane (Saccharum Officinarum L.) and it’s soil of plantation in Sanka irrigation farmland, Northeast, Ethiopia

ABSTRACT The ecological and health risks posed by heavy metals (HMs) have been a major concern of the world. This study aimed to assess the potential health and ecological risks of Fe, Pb, Cr, Zn, Co, Ni, and Cd metals in the sugarcane and its growing soil at Sanka farmland, Northeast Ethiopia. The sampling was conducted at six locations in three potential sugarcane cultivation Kebeles. HMs were quantified using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). They were found in the range of 2297 (Fe) to 3.750 (Co) mg/kg for soil and 0.557 (Fe) to 0.020 (Zn) mg/L for sugarcane. The metal transfer factors of the investigated HMs were 0.0002 (Fe) to 0.384 (Co), indicating a low sugarcane response to HMs. Six pollution indices (three multi-metal ecological impact indicators and three single-metal ecological effect indicators) were applied to the data. All multi-metal ecological impact indicators show that the soil is severely polluted. In contrast, the single-metal ecological effect indicators showed severe pollution by Fe and Cd, moderate pollution by Pb and Cr, and low pollution levels by Ni, Co and Zn. Apart from Cd, Cr and Pb in the soil sample and Zn and Cd in the sugarcane juice sample, all HMs concentrations were below allowable limits set by World Health Organization (WHO). The contribution of each exposure route to the total intake of HMs showed the trend of non-dietary oral intake > dermal contact > juice drinking > inhalation route. Single-metal health risk assessment (hazard quotient) revealed no significant non-carcinogenic risk for adults and children, while multi-metal health risk assessment (hazard index) indicated children have high non-cancer risks. Similarly, the single-metal cancer risk assessment showed no cancer risk, except Cr, whereas the multi-metal cancer risk assessment showed children and adults inhabitants likely to have cancer in their lifetime.

Sugarcane Yield and Juice Quality as Affected by Harvest Age and Chemical Ripeners in Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia

Sugarcane Yield and Juice Quality as Affected by Harvest Age and Chemical Ripeners in Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia

Green synthesized carbon aerogel for electric double layer capacitor

As new-generation biomass-derived carbon materials, carbon aerogels offer opportunities in supercapacitor applications. Owing to their excellent properties viz., a synergy of unique interconnected hierarchical porous structure, high specific surface area (SSA), and electrical conductivity they prove their candidature in electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs). In this article, we represent a green synthesis of carbon aerogel using sugarcane juice as a carbon source via cost effective hydrothermal method instead of the traditional supercritical drying method which is more toxic, time-consuming, and expensive. The structural and compositional studies confirm the formation of Sugar Aerogel (SA). Additionally, the surface analysis shows the interconnected porous scoop-like structure with a high SSA of 2028 m2/g and a low bulk density of 0.08 g/cc. Furthermore, the synthesized powder was screen printed on flexible stainless-steel mesh to conduct electrochemical study at various Na2SO4 electrolyte concentrations (0.3, 0.6, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 M). In 1.0 M Na2SO4 electrolyte, the SA showed 70% retention rate after 5500 cycles at 30 mA/cm2 current density over 1.9V potential window and also provides high energy density and power density 61.72 Wh/kg and 1588.33 W/kg respectively. Also, the SA||SA device exhibits stability over 1000 cycles with a 30% increment in capacitance with energy and power density 86 Wh/kg and 7920 W/kg. This study signifies the great potential of sugarcane juice to get SA via a simple, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly hydrothermal route for the fabrication of SC electrodes in neutral electrolyte Na2SO4.

Effect of Microencapsulation on Functional Properties of Sugarcane Juice Acidified with Orthophosphoric Acid by Using Spray Drying Technique

Effect of Microencapsulation on Functional Properties of Sugarcane Juice Acidified with Orthophosphoric Acid by Using Spray Drying Technique

Production components of agroindustrial interest of sugarcane varieties under subsurface drip irrigation in semiarid conditions

The identification of promising commercial varieties for irrigated crops in semiarid conditions based on characters of interest to sugarcane agro-industries is important, considering the search for high sugarcane yields to obtain sustainable crops. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate production components of agroindustrial interest of different sugarcane varieties grown under subsurface drip irrigation in the Semiarid region of Brazil, during two crop cycles. A randomized block experimental design was used, in an 8×2 factorial arrangement (varieties and cycles) with three replications. The sugarcane juice quality, sugar yield, and culm yield were evaluated in each cycle. Gross sugar percentage, sugarcane culm yield, juice apparent sucrose content, and juice purity were affected by the crop cycles. Soluble solids content presented strong significant correlation with most variables of agroindustrial interest. The path coefficient analysis showed that juice apparent sucrose content was the explanatory character with higher direct effect on soluble solids and that this variable presented high indirect effects on most explanatory variables. The sugarcane varieties RB72454 and Q124 are recommended for production managements with drip irrigation under semiarid conditions. Soluble solids content can be used as an alternative for direct selection of varieties with higher sugar yields in different cycles.

Pulsed light, microwave, and infrared treatments of jaggery: Comparing the microbial decontamination and other quality attributes

Jaggery, a traditional nutritive sweetener made from sugarcane juice, is contaminated due to poor handling during processing and storage. The study focuses on decontamination of jaggery using microwave (420–700 W, 30–60 s), infrared (80–90 °C, 4–12 min), and pulsed light treatment (1600–2200 V, 5–120 pulses). The process efficacy was compared based on microbial quality and physicochemical parameters. Microbial quality represents the reduction of aerobic mesophile (AM), yeast and mold (YM), and inoculated Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A maximum log reduction of 2.17, 2.04, and 2.78 for AM, YM, and S. cerevisiae, respectively, was observed during pulsed light (PL) treatment at 1.70 kJ/cm2 fluence. AM was the most resistant microbial entity, and PL irradiation demonstrated a maximum linear inactivation rate (k) of 17.5 s−1 and minimum non-linear decimal reduction time (δ) of 0.3 min. IR treatment at 90 ± 5 °C caused the maximum change in physicochemical properties, thermal stability, functional groups, and crystallinity index of jaggery. Microwave (MW) heating at 700 W showed maximum improvement in total phenolic content (TPC), minimum change in colour, and fastest inactivation of YM and S. cerevisiae. Finally, PL treatment exhibited better overall microbial safety, enhanced TPC, and minimum modifications in jaggery's thermal, chemical, and structural aspects.

Effects of caramelization and Maillard reaction products on the physiology of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The thermal treatment the sugarcane juice undergoes during its processing alters the medium's chemical composition through the so-called Maillard reactions and its products, which can affect the alcohol-producing yeast's physiology in steps following the processing. This study aims to describe and characterize the reactivity of the primary amino acids present in sugarcane with sucrose, as well as demonstrate the physiological effects of the reaction's products on the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The main amino acids in sugarcane (glutamine, asparagine, and aspartic acid) were chosen to be reacted with sucrose under similar conditions to the industrial sugarcane processing (pH 5 and temperature 100–120 °C). The physiological effect of Maillard and caramelization reaction on the S. cerevisiae CEN.PK-122 and PE-2 strains were tested in microplate experiments using a modified mineral media containing both the reacted and unreacted amino acid-sucrose systems and four modified synthetic molasses media. The results have shown that the presence of any amino acids drastically increases product formation. Furthermore, among the amino acids, aspartic acid was the most reactive. Meanwhile, asparagine and glutamine had similar results. In S. cerevisiae physiology, aspartic acid had the most significant effect on culture growth by reducing the maximum specific growth rate and optical density. The increase in the Maillard product concentration for synthetic molasses also evidenced the inhibitory effect on yeast growth compared to media in the absence of these products. We conclude that this initial investigation clarifies the inhibitory effect of the Maillard products on yeast physiology.

ANALISIS STRATEGY PRODUKSI, MANPOWER PLANNING DAN PENGELOLAAN LINGKUNGAN TERHADAP PEMASARAN PADA PT. ANGELS PRODUCTS, BOJONAGARA, SERANG, BANTEN

Sugar is a luxury item that is often called white gold and is a staple that is consumed. By the end of 1900, sugar was still a luxury item and was bought by the upper middle class. Over time, sugar can be produced in abundant quantities.
 Refined crystal sugar is sugar derived from cane juice. In the manufacturing process, sugarcane juice will go through a long refining and processing process so as to produce pure sugar (Raw Sugar). PT. Angels Products is the first refined crystal sugar factory in Indonesia that operated in 1997. PT Angels Products is a company engaged in the refined crystal sugar industry located in banten province.
 On December 17, 2022, Krisnadwipayana University held a Field Study in order to fulfill the compulsory study program for Master of Management (Strata 2) to PT. Krisnadwipayana. Angels Product is located in Bojonagara District, Serang Regency, Banten. In field study activities, research activities are also carried out with the method of direct visits to the research site and conducting interviews with informants and direct observations. The nature of this research is descriptive qualitative research, which is research conducted based on views, strategies and model implementation by drawing problems based on the findings. Describe the results of interviews and observations so as to get the desired data and analyze it. Research carried out on fiel study activities in the form of production layouts, logistics systems, production process flows, man power planning, production, marketing and environmental management.

Herbicides Roundup (Glyphosate) and Paraquat (Gramoxone) as chemical ripeners for sugarcane variety SP70-1143 (A case study at Debel Khozaie Agro-Industrial Co.)

In the Khuzestan province of Iran, sugarcane harvesting is normally carried out between the early November and March periods, when rain and frost risks occur. This results in delayed harvesting and reduced profitability due to cane deterioration and a reduction in cane sucrose content. Management strategies such as the application of chemical ripeners were hypothesized to tackle such challenges by harvesting the crop earlier when the natural ripening condition was poor. Consequently, paraquat and roundup herbicides were applied as chemical ripeners to investigate the effect of their application time and rate on accelerating the ripening quality of the sugar cane variety SP70-1143 using a split-plot design. The treatments were control (unsprayed) [T0]; 1.0 Lha<sup>−1</sup> Paraquat (250 ppm) applied 8 weeks before harvesting (8WBH) [T1]; 0.8 Lha<sup>−1</sup> Roundup (200 ppm) applied 8WBH [T2]; 1.0 Lha<sup>−1</sup> Paraquat (250 ppm) applied 5 weeks before harvesting (5WBH) [T3], and 0.8 Lha<sup>−1</sup> Roundup (200 ppm) applied 5WBH [T4]. The results indicated that the glyphosate application treatments T2 and T4 induced a significant improvement in the sugarcane juice quality through an increase in Brix%, Pol%, %purity, and commercial cane sugar (CCS%) starting 1 week after their application. The results also confirmed the feasibility of an earlier harvesting operation on November 1st, one month before normal harvesting time in the study area, without significant loss of sucrose by application of 0.8 Lha<sup>−1</sup> Glyphosate (roundup), 8WBH.

Chagas disease in the Brazilian Northeast: understanding health and living conditions in a population with a historical transmission risk in the rural area

Chagas disease (CD) is considered a neglected disease by the World Health Organization and requires priority from the health authorities of the American continent. In Brazil, few data are available to evaluate the real situation of endemic areas for CD, mainly in the Northeast region. Thus, the objective of the study was to evaluate the living conditions, clinical aspects and prevalence of infection in inhabitants of rural areas endemic to CD. Blood was collected and submitted to diagnostic ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence techniques. A questionnaire covering sociodemographic information and knowledge related to CD was applied, and general clinical evaluation and swallowing assessment were performed. Twenty-four (7.04%) seropositive individuals were identified, of whom 83.3% were women with most in the age range of 30-60 years old. The majority of the population has a low level of education. Regarding the risk variables for CD, an association was noted between the presence of kissing bugs (OR 9.8) and contact/manipulation (OR 20.2), transfusion (OR 10.6), and sugarcane juice intake (OR 5.1). Was possible to detect changes in swallowing. The present study revealed the existence of a population seropositive for CD without follow-up for their health condition. In addition, some of these patients present changes in swallowing that may be related to the chronic phase. Although no infected children were identified, the area may be considered at risk due to the environmental and socioeconomic conditions of its population and the presence of infected vectors previously found in the area.