Sugar Beet Production Research Articles

Correlation dependence between mineral and organic soil phosphates and sugar beet yield and their changes

The article presents the results of studies on correlations between the productivity of sugar beets and phosphorus, mineral and organic phosphates of soil grown in monoculture conditions and crop rotation on irrigated dark chestnut soil. Fertilizer application in a monoculture increases the amount of mineral phosphates in the range of 691,1-791,2 mg/kg, organic phosphates by 293,2-372,0 mg/kg, and under crop rotation conditions these indicators are 567,4-775,9 mg/kg and 332,5-395,8 mg/kg, respectively. It has been established that the correlations between the yield of sugar beets grown under conditions of monoculture and crop rotation, and mobile phosphorus and “active” calcium phosphates (Ca-PI + Ca-PII) in the soil are very high and amount to: R = 0,97-0, 99 and R =0,98. The correlations between sugar beet yield and organic phosphate phosphorus (LOS, fulvo and humic acids) were insignificant compared to mineral phosphate phosphorus. Under monoculture conditions, a high correlative relationship R = 0,81 was determined between the phosphorus of loose organic substances and the yield of sugar beets, and in crop rotation - between the phosphorus of fulvic acids and the yield of sugar beets (R = 0,76).

Evaluation of confirmatory data following the Article 12 MRL review for myclobutanil.

The applicant Corteva Agriscience submitted a request to the competent national authority in Austria to evaluate the confirmatory data that were identified for myclobutanil in the framework of the MRL review under Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 as not available. To address the data gap related to the lack of information on the triazole derivative metabolites (TDMs), new residue trials analysing for TDMs were submitted on apples, grapes, strawberries, tomatoes and melons. Following the assessment of the submitted data, EFSA concluded that Article 12 confirmatory data gaps are considered addressed for pome fruits, grapes, cucurbits with inedible peel, strawberries and tomatoes. The new information provided required the assessment of consumer exposure to TDMs, which identified no consumer intake concerns for the crops under consideration. No information was provided to address the Article 12 confirmatory data referred to in Regulation (EU) 2020/770 for blackberries, gooseberries, bananas, aubergines/eggplants, lamb's lettuces/corn salads, beans (with pods), globe artichokes, hops, sugar beet roots and products of animal origin. For these commodities, the existing EU MRL could be lowered to the enforcement limit of quantification (LOQ). For kaki/Japanese persimmon and azararoles/mediterranean medlars, the existing EU MRL is set on the basis of Codex MRL in pome fruits. The applicant did not request maintaining a Codex MRL in these commodities, but should risk managers decide otherwise, the Article 12 data gap is considered addressed for kaki/Japanese persimmon while for azaroles/Mediterranean medlars, a risk management decision might be required. No consumer intake concerns were identified.

Trends in global sugar beet production and sugar consumption levels

Relevance. Sugar beet is one of the raw materials from which granulated sugar is produced, and it, in turn, is one of the indicators by which the food security of any country is assessed. In 2020, European countries produced 47.6% of the total global volume of sugar beet, Asian countries — 18.6%, America — 13.3%, the Russian Federation — 13.7%, African countries — 6.7%. At the same time, the share of sugar beet production in global production increased in Asian countries (from 15.9% in 2010 up to 18.6% in 2020), in the Russian Federation (from 10.1 to 13.7%), in African countries (from 4.6 to 6.7%). A decrease in sugar beet production was noted in European countries — from 55.4% in 2010 to 47.6% in 2020, in American countries — from 14 to 13.3%. In the Russian Federation, sugar production per capita generally meets not only rational consumption standards, but also all criteria for food self-sufficiency. The excess of actual consumption over rational consumption in Russia is 62.5%. The lowest sugar beet production volumes are observed in countries such as Greece, Portugal, North Macedonia, Pakistan, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Kyrgyzstan, and some others.Results. The results of the study showed that in order to increase the economic indicators of sugar beet production, Russian commodity producers need to implement a policy of intensification of agricultural production along with updating the material and technical base using modern agricultural technologies and the development of their own breeding and genetic centers.

Effect of fertilizers and liming on soil condition and productivity of sugar beet

Purpose. To investigate the influence of an alternative organo-mineral fertilization system on the productivity of sugar beet at different application rates of lime. Methods. Short-term field and analytical. Results. The results of research on the influence of alternative organo-mineral fertilizers and liming on the alkaline-acidic balance of leached chernozem, its nutritional regime and productivity of sugar beets are presented. The perspective of using traditional and alternative fertilizers combined with lime on weakly acidic soil in conditions of sufficient moisture was revealed. Conclusions. The application of N90P90K90 + 5 t/ha of straw and 7.5 t/ha of defecation sludge in sugar beet ensured the maximum stability of the acid-alkaline balance of leached chernozem, increased the amount of absorbed alkalis with an increase in the content of calcium and magnesium in the soil-absorbing complex. Obtained рНsalt was 6.62, hydrolytic acidity 1.69 mg-eq/100 g, amount of absorbed alkalis 28.4 mg-eq/100 g of soil. Application of N90P90K90 + 5 t/ha of straw and 7.5 t/ha defecation sludge ensured the highest mobility of phosphorus and potassium in leached chernozem: the content of mobile phosphorus in the 0–30 cm layer was 170 mg/kg and potassium 128 mg/kg that provided increase of 32 and 38 mg/kg of soil, respectively, compared to control. Liming increased the mobility of potassium in the soil and did not affect the content of mobile phosphorus. The maximum productivity of sugar beet on leached chernozem was achieved with the application of N90P90K90 + 5 t/ha of straw + 7.5 t/ha of defecation sludge (1.5 standard rate of CaСО3). Obtained root yield was 73.3 t/ha, sugar content 18.6%, and sugar yield 13.6 t/ha that is higher compared to control without fertilizers and defecation sludge by 22.7 t/ha, 0.2%, and 4.3 t/ha, respectively.

Local agricultural by-products for rearing superworm larvae (Zophobas morio): a Greek example

Abstract As the industrial insect production sector is rapidly growing, the high production cost of insects forms a constraint for the further growth of the insect industry. One of the main factors that greatly contributes to the total insect production cost and affects the profitability of insect farms is feed costs. Various agricultural by-products have been successfully evaluated and proposed as low-cost, alternative, insect feedstocks. In this context, this study evaluates a variety of Greek agricultural by-products as feeding substrates for Zophobas morio (F.) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larvae. More specifically, eleven agricultural by-products derived from the seed cleaning process of barley, oats, peas and vetch and the production of cotton, sugar beet and sunflower, were utilized singly and as components of compound isonitrogenous diets at two nitrogen levels (2.7% and 3.2% on dry matter basis). The results showed that larvae reared on sunflower meal, oat and barley (class II) by-products performed well in terms of larval growth and survival. In contrast, for most other diets tested high mortality rates were recorded, indicating the necessity for the formulation of diets that meet the nutritional requirements of the larvae. Our study highlights the potential of locally available by-products for the rearing of Z. morio larvae and contributes to determining their nutrient requirements.

Commercial and Industrial Interests of Landowners in the Field of Sugar Beet Production (XIX – early XX centuries)

Commercial and Industrial Interests of Landowners in the Field of Sugar Beet Production (XIX – early XX centuries)

The Complete and Gapless Genome Sequence of the Sugarbeet Pathogen Cercospora beticola

Cercospora beticola, causal agent of Cercospora leaf spot of sugarbeet ( Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris), is the most economically damaging foliar pathogen inhibiting sugarbeet production. Despite the global importance of C. beticola, significant knowledge gaps exist pertaining to pathogen virulence and adaptation to management practices that include the use of resistant host varieties and the application of different fungicide chemistries. The lack of a high-quality reference genome for C. beticola has hindered research progression addressing these critical knowledge gaps. Here, we report the complete and gapless genome assembly and annotation of the reference C. beticola isolate Cb09-40. We identified misassembled regions in the previous reference genome and annotated previously missing protein-coding genes. This work establishes a high-quality reference genome that can serve as the foundation for future comparative genomic, population genetic, and evolutionary studies into the virulence and evolution of this important plant pathogen. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .

The Influence of Sugar Beet Cultivation Technologies on the Intensity and Species Biodiversity of Weeds

Sugar beet production is highly affected by weeds. The structure of crop rotation, the use of intercrops and different tillage techniques bring several benefits to sugar beet cultivation and create different living conditions for weeds. The response of weed communities in sugar beet stands has not been studied. The experimental plot is in the cadastral area of Ivanovice na Hané (Czech Republic). During an eight-year monitoring period (2013–2020), 46 weed species were identified. The dominant species was Chenopodium album. There were also summer and winter weeds. A more varied crop rotation increased the intensity of weed infestation, with winter weeds being the most common. On the contrary, a higher proportion of cereals in the crop structure favors the presence of summer weeds. The tillage technology and the inclusion of catch crops did not significantly affect the intensity of weed infestation in sugar beet stands or the spectrum of weed species. Current cropping technologies have driven the evolution of weeds. Due to their short life cycles and relatively simple genomes, weeds can respond very quickly to technological measures and, thus, change their harmfulness.

Change of Sugar Beet Technological Quality and Productivity as a Result of Vegetating Plants’ Treatment with Fungicides

Change of Sugar Beet Technological Quality and Productivity as a Result of Vegetating Plants’ Treatment with Fungicides

The influence of traditional and alternative fertilization systems on the productivity of sugar beet

Purpose. To investigate the influence of mineral, traditional and alternative organic-mineral fertilization systems on productivity and technological quality of sugar beet roots. Меthods. Long-term field and analytical. Results. Research data on the effectiveness of traditional and alternative fertilization systems in increasing the productivity and technological quality of sugar beet roots are given. The perspective of using straw, green mass of white mustard and mineral fertilizers to obtain high yield and technological quality of sugar beet roots under conditions of sufficient moisture on leached chernozem has been established. Conclusions. The mineral fertilizer system was inferior to the organic-mineral fertilization in terms of efficiency. The maximum dose of mineral fertilizers N120P80K120 ensured roots yield – 67.5 t/ha, sugar content – 17.9 %, sugar yield – 12.1 t/ha. The highest productivity of sugar beet was achieved with the application of 40 t/ha of manure + N90P60K90: yield of roots – 79.6 t/ha, sugar content – 18.2 %, sugar yield – 14.5 t/ha with an increase in yield compared to the control without fertilizers – by 37.0 t/ha, sugar yield – by 6.7 t/ha. The application of straw + green manure + N90P60K90 was determined to be promising under sugar beet: roots yield – 70.3 t/ha, sugar content – 18.2 %, sugar yield – 12.8 t/ha. The specified fertilization system was inferior to the application of 40 t/ha of manure + N90P60K90 in yield by 9.3 t/ha, sugar collection – by 1.7 t/ha. The use of fertilizers insignificantly increased the loss of sugar in molasses compared to the control without fertilizers: with the application of mineral fertilizers - by 0.01–0.05 %, 40 t/ha of manure + N90P60K90 – by 0.07 %, straw + green manure + N90P60K90 – by 0.04 %.

Appreciation of sugar beet waste in metakaolin geopolymer mortar for compressive strength and drying shrinkage

It is known that the waste of the sugar industry is increasing day by day, and this causes environmental problems. The optimum solution for this waste is to recycle it into building materials. In this paper, for the first time, the possibility of recycling carbonation lime residue after calcination (C-CR) into the metakaolin (MK) geopolymer mortar was studied. The carbonation lime residue (CR) is a waste generated during the production of sugar beet. To achieve this aim, the MK was partially replaced with C-CR at ratios alternated from 2.5 wt% to 10 wt% with a stride of 2.5 wt%. The effects of C-CR on the flowability, compressive strength and drying shrinkage, crystalline phases, hydration product, and microstructure morphology were investigated. The results showed that C-CR is similar to carbon oxide. The introduction of C-CR into the mortars showed a negative effect on the flowability, whilst up to 7.5% showed a positive effect on the compressive strength, as well as drying shrinkage. The optimum C-CR ratio was 5%, which gave the lowest drying shrinkage and the highest compressive strength.

Dependence on imported seeds as one of the threats to food security of Russia

Stimulation of domestic seed production is important for strengthening food security and economic development of the crop production industry. It is necessary to ensure the stability and viability of the agricultural industry and to reduce the risks associated with dependence on imported seeds. This article considers the main factors that have formed this dependence, as well as the main ways of solving the problem of import substitution in this industry. Sugar beet producers are most dependent on foreign seed suppliers, but in terms of seed market volumes, the most vulnerable crop in terms of domestic seed production is sunflower. For some crops Russia has reached self–sufficiency — winter wheat, rice and buckwheat. Localization of production and increase in royalty rates contribute to the development of domestic seed and breeding industries, providing the necessary private investment.

ВИРОБНИЦТВО ЦУКРОВИХ БУРЯКІВ В УКРАЇНІ: СТАТИСТИКО-ПРОГНОСТИЧНА ОЦІНКА

The article discusses the theoretical, methodological and applied aspects of using statistical instruments to assess the state, tendencies and prospects of beet growing, forecasting production of beet and sugar subcomplex. Using of integrated and synergistic approaches to studied issues ensure the reliability of the results of statistical analysis. The current state and dynamics of the sugar beet production in Ukraine are analyzed. In recent years, there has been a negative trend in the reduction of sugar beet acreage and production volumes. For the period of 2003–2022, the average annual absolute decrease in sugar beet acreage was 30,5 thousand hectares. As a result, sugar beet production volumes are decreasing, and the availability of raw materials for sugar factories is decreasing. The tendencies and prospects of sugar beet production were assessed using economic and mathematical methods and models. Both simple methods of dynamic series analysis and construction of linear/non-linear trendy models were used to identify the tendency of the effective indicators of sugar beet production. The effective factor of intensity of development of beet growing, increase of volumes of beet production is the yield of sugar beet. The linear, exponential and parabolic trend models of sugar beet yield are built. Using the standard deviation and coefficient of variation, the linear and parabolic trend equations are estimated. The closeness of the analytical series to the empirical series of dynamics was established by the calculated bond density indicators. It was found that the parabolic trend model accurately reflects the sugar beet yield trend. Statistical instruments were used to forecast sugar beet production in the form of a dynamic system and reproduce this system in the short term with a certain level of probability. The parabolic trend model was used to make predictive calculations of sugar beet yield in Ukraine. The forecast level of sugar beet yield in Ukraine in 2024 will be in the range from 436,4 dt/ha to 576,1 dt/ha.

Influence of precursors and systems of main tillage on sugar beet productivity

Influence of precursors and systems of main tillage on sugar beet productivity

Current state of agriculture in Russia and specific features of agrarian sector development in the far north - the republic of Sakha (Yakutia)

In the article the current state of Russian agriculture and specific features of the agrarian sector development in the Far North - the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and related economic processes taking into account its national interests are discussed. The development of agricultural production is known to be one of the most important priorities of the national strategy of Russia and its regions. Agriculture for the Russian Federation as a system of agrarian relations, is its strategic resource, but rural settlements, especially in the North, existing remotely with a low quality of life, poorly developed communication and infrastructure can not implement the full potential of rural areas. The agricultural complex of Russia and its basis in agriculture occupies one of the defining positions in the country's economy both in terms of its importance in ensuring the livelihood of the population and in the production and consumption of material goods. This situation also applies to the Far North - the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The specific features of traditional industries of the North are primarily associated with natural resources, their productivity and climatic conditions. Agriculture in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) specializes mainly in livestock production. Generally, the branches of agriculture in Russia are represented in independent branches of production of various products such as grain farming, sugar beet production, vegetable growing, horticulture, cattle breeding, pig breeding, etc. All of them differ in the types of manufactured goods, technology and organization of production, systems of applied machines. At the same time, large industries are subdivided into smaller ones.

Investigation of early detection possibilities of sugar beet disease with machine learning algorithms based on multispectral reflection

Traditionally, diagnosis and monitoring of agricultural diseases are carried out through on-site observation and inspection. These methods are time-consuming and may represent limited samples. Therefore, remote sensing technology has become an important tool in disease detection and monitoring in agriculture. In the research, Cercospora leaf spot (Cercospora beticola sacc.) disease, which cause significant economic losses in sugar beet production, were detected in the early stages using machine learning algorithms using non-invasive multispectral images taken with UAV under field conditions is intended to be determined. The research was fulfilled using images from the grower fields in two regions where the disease was observed intensively. Index value data from digital surface model maps created by processing the images taken were used as training and test data. Numerical data was tested using five different supervised machine learning methods. The success of the analyzed models in predicting disease formation from the index values obtained from the images taken and the physiological changes that occur before the disease agents appear on sugar beet leaves was over 70%. Among the models compared in the study, the k-nearest neighbor classifier (KNN) model gave the highest success in both diseases, with 83% accuracy and 76% and 86% f1-score values. The support vector machines model followed the KNN model with 77% accuracy, 75%, and 86% f1-score values. According to the results of the research, it has been revealed that plant diseases have the potential for pre-symptomatic detection, and by processing the images obtained with UAV-based MS images, it is possible to detect diseases in the early period.

Impact of Humic Acid and Some Nanomaterials on Alternaria Leaf Spot Disease and Sugar Beet Productivity

Impact of Humic Acid and Some Nanomaterials on Alternaria Leaf Spot Disease and Sugar Beet Productivity

Technology for obtaining soil ameliorant and evaluating the effectiveness of its application

The article is devoted to the results of research and development of technology for obtaining soil ameliorant based on organic and mineral waste from beet crop rotation and sugar production. The problem of soil degradation due to the intensification of sugar beet production is being solved by returning organic and mineral substances accumulated in sugar production waste and beet crop rotation back to the soil for its reclamation. The meliorant includes a defecate that is mixed with peat that has been pretreated by exposure in a hydrodynamic cavitation generator to pulsating jets and micro-explosions of gas bubbles dissolved in water or wastewater from sugar factories and organic residues of beet crop rotation plants. It is shown that the introduction of meliorant into the soil during the cultivation of sugar beet allowed to increase yields by 6.9%, and sugar yield by 11%.

Identification and Characterization of Pythium deliense Causing Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris) Root Rot in Grand Forks, North Dakota

Damping-off disease caused by multiple species of soilborne pathogens causes severe economic losses to sugar beet production. Thus, identifying the causal agent is important to formulating effective disease management. During a July 2021 disease survey in a sugar beet field at Grand Forks, North Dakota, we observed that approximately 15% of plants located in low areas of a commercial field showed wilting leaves that were pale green and slightly blighted in color, and the roots were dark brown to black, along with irregular necrotic lesions. The isolated pathogen had the characteristic morphology of Pythium deliense. The sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 mitochondrial ( cox1) genes were 100% homologous to corresponding sequences in the NCBI database, which confirmed its P. deliense identity. Moreover, the ITS phylogeny confirmed its identity as P. deliense and its close relationship with P. aphanidermatum. A disease screening trial with four sugar beet varieties was done. Growers and breeders could benefit from accurate information about the sugar beet pathogen in a given field to formulate effective disease management practices.

Effect of Form of Silicon and the Timing of a Single Foliar Application on Sugar Beet Yield

The aim of the study was the evaluation of silicon foliar application on sugar beet yield. In the years 2017–2019, the effect of a single foliar application of various forms of silicon (potassium silicate—PS, calcium silicate—CS, sodium metasilicate—SM, and orthosilicic stabilized acid—OSA) applied in the six-leaf phase of sugar beet, 7 and 14 days later on yield and technological quality of sugar beet roots was assessed. It was found that the form of silicon does not have a significant effect on the yield of sugar beet roots, and significantly modifies the biological yield of sugar and the pure sugar yield. The highest biological yield of sugar is achieved by the foliar application of PS, and the pure sugar yield by PS and OSA. The date of foliar application as well as the interaction of the date of application and silicon forms do not have a significant effect on the root yield, biological yield of sugar, and pure sugar yield. The form of silicon has a significant effect on the technological quality of sugar beet roots (sugar, α-amino nitrogen, potassium, and sodium content). The most beneficial effect on the sugar content and reduction of sodium content in sugar beet roots is the foliar application of OSA, and the reduction of α-amino nitrogen and potassium content—PS. The timing of the application of various forms of silicon has a significant effect on the sugar and potassium content in sugar beet roots. The most beneficial effect on the sugar content in the roots is the application carried out 7 days after the six-leaf phase of sugar beet, and the potassium content is most limited by the treatment 14 days after reaching this phase. The interaction of the timing of foliar application and the form of silicon significantly modifies the technological quality features of sugar beet roots: the content of sugar, α-amino nitrogen, potassium, and sodium. The results of the study proved the significant effect of silicon foliar application on the physiological parameters of plants, such as leaf area index (LAI), absorption of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) which are related to yield and sugar beet productivity.