In the general spectrum of cultural cooperation between Iran and Russia, a special place belongs to the problems of educating the younger generation. The rich spiritual and artistic heritage of the two countries, common historical parallels, traditional worldview ideals contribute to the formation of the civic identity of young people, the harmonious development of the individual. Philosopher, thinker, poet, true patriot of his Motherland – I.A. Bunin was subtly aware of the Eurasianism of his country, which was reflected in the awareness of the national identity and rich cultural heritage of Russia through the prism of understanding world religions. The article provides a structural and semantic analysis of several poems by I.A. Bunin, thanks to the use of appropriate mystical images referring to the text of the Koran. The poet, based on religious and mystical (Muslim) traditions and legends, which, in turn, have a connection with other cultures (Christian, Jewish, etc.), depicts the Day of Judgment. Particular attention is also paid to the motif of the Day of Judgment in Islamic mysticism (Sufism). The novelty of the research lies in the fact that the authors reveal the motif of the Day of Judgment in the artistic system of I.A. Bunin influence of socio-political events of the first half of the XX century. Based on the foregoing, the article attempts to analyze and identify the main spiritual and moral concepts of the Nobel Prize winner, nicknamed “Righteous Among the Nations”, relevant in a poly-confessional and multi-ethnic human society at different stages.