Sufficient Power Research Articles

Development and evaluation of the "Toothbrushing Timer with Information on Toothbrushes" application: A prospective cohort pilot study.

For people, it is challenging to be conscious of the appropriate toothbrushing time to maintain good oral health in daily life. The aim of this study was to preliminarily examine the utility of an application (app) that combines a toothbrushing timer and information on toothbrushes. We developed the "Toothbrushing Timer with Information on Toothbrushes" app to help users ensure appropriate toothbrushing time and learn about the beneficial characteristics of toothbrushes. A total of 18 participants were registered for the study. At baseline (T0) and after 1 month (T1) of app usage, study participants answered a digital questionnaire that comprised three questions on oral health practice, self-efficacy in oral hygiene, and quality of life related to oral health (Oral Health Impact Profile-14 [OHIP-14]). Five participants were excluded from the analysis as they did not answer the digital questionnaire. Finally, 13 participants completed the survey with a follow-up of 1 month. The 13 participants were grouped into health professionals (n = 8) and non-health professionals (n = 5). The total scores for oral health practice and self-efficacy related to oral hygiene increased after a month of app usage in health professional and non-health professional groups. However, there were no significant differences between T0 and T1 in either group. The total score of OHIP-14 was lower at T1 than at T0 in both groups. Therefore, participants showed better oral health practice, self-efficacy in oral hygiene, and quality of life related to oral health at T1 compared with that at T0. Our app showed positive results for the users and is useful in maintaining and promoting oral health awareness and practice. However, our pilot study lacks sufficient power and did not yield significant differences. Therefore, high-quality clinical trials with larger sample sizes are warranted for further improvement and evaluation.

Top-Down and Bottom-Up Formalization: Waste Pickers’ Struggles for Labor Rights in São Paulo and Bogotá

Many labor scholars and practitioners see the regulation of informal work as necessary to protect the world’s most vulnerable workers from market predation. This article advances an alternative perspective: State regulation is a versatile tool that can be wielded either by workers or by elites, often toward contradictory ends. Accordingly, the key question for those seeking to promote decent work is not whether to formalize informal jobs, but rather, formalization by and for whom? The author uses this approach to analyze differential outcomes between efforts to formalize the work of waste pickers in São Paulo, Brazil, and Bogotá, Colombia. Drawing on 24 months of field research, the author documents how São Paulo’s formalization policies benefited few street waste pickers, whereas those of Bogotá elevated the incomes, conditions, and voices of thousands of comparable workers. The analysis suggests that formalization is likely to yield pro-worker outcomes only when workers possess sufficient power over policy design and implementation.

Analysis on the construction and application of comprehensive evaluation index system of construction quality of power transmission and transformation project

As the basic project of urban construction and development, power transmission and transformation project mainly provides sufficient power resources for urban residents, so the construction quality of the project determines the work efficiency and service quality of the power industry. With the continuous development of social economy and science and technology, the number of power transmission and transformation projects in our country is increasing, the scope of project construction is getting larger and larger, and the actual construction period is getting smaller and smaller, which leads to the quality of the project itself is not guaranteed. Therefore, on the basis of understanding the construction status of power transmission and transformation projects, this paper mainly explores how to construct the comprehensive evaluation index system of power transmission and transformation projects construction quality, and analyzes the corresponding management measures from the perspective of project construction.

Radiological signs of femoroacetabular impingement are linked to pelvic version in asymptomatic subjects

IntroductionWith the recent interest in hip-spine relationship, the link between femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and the lumbar-pelvic-femoral complex (LPFC) appears decisive. The objectives of this study were (1) to compare the pelvic version, as well as (2) all the parameters of the LPFC between two populations of healthy subjects, comparing those with radiological signs of FAI to those without and finally, (3) to evaluate the LPFC parameters according to the type of FAI. HypothesisAsymptomatic subjects with radiological signs of FAI had superior pelvic anteversion. Materials and methodThis retrospective study was based on a prospective cohort of 118 voluntary asymptomatic patients including 62 men (52.5%) with a mean age of 25.6 years±4.4 (19–39). The following parameters: pelvic version (PV), pelvic incidence (PI), lumbar lordosis (LL), sacral slope (SS), hip flexion, intrinsic (IER) and extrinsic (EER) extension reserve were measured using EOS imaging™ in the reference standing position and the lunge position. The radiological signs of FAI (cam, pincer, mixed) were identified on these acquisitions then separated into 2 groups. The first was the group presenting with one or more images of FAI (FAI+) and the second group with no images of FAI (FAI–). ResultsThere were 143 hips in the FAI+ group compared to 93 hips in the FAI– group. There were 36.4% cams and 45% pincers. With an average of 9.08°±7.81 (–11.0; 27.0) versus 12.33°±8.94 (–5.0; 55.0), the PV was significantly lower (p=0.022) in the FAI+ group compared to the FAI– group. A post-hoc power analysis on the primary outcome (PV) confirmed sufficient power (1–β=0.809). Compared to the FAI– group, the cam group presented a significantly lower IER and EER (respectively p=0.014 and p=0.047). The comparative analysis between the FAI– and pincer groups found a significant difference in PI (p=0.001), PV (p<0.001), IER (p=0.017) and hip flexion (p<0.001), SS in lunge position (p=0.031) and EER (p=0.039). ConclusionAsymptomatic subjects with radiographic signs of FAI present with weak pelvic version when standing. This pelvic hyper-anteversion is mainly found in the event of a radiological pincer sign. Level of evidenceIII, retrospective comparative study.

Transdisciplinary Team Science in Health Research, Where Are We?

Modern medicine and healthcare systems focus on diagnosing, treating, and monitoring diseases in clinical practice. However, contemporary disease burden is driven by chronic diseases, whose determinants occur across multiple levels of influence, from genetics to changes in the natural, built environments to societal conditions and policies. Conventional discipline-specific approaches are useful for the discovery and accumulation of knowledge on single causes of disease entities. Multidisciplinary collaborations can facilitate the identification of the causes of diseases at multiple levels, while interdisciplinary collaboration remains limited to transferring tools from one discipline to another, perhaps creating new disciplines (molecular epidemiology, etc). However, these forms of disciplinary collaboration fall short in capturing the complexity of chronic disease. In addition, these approaches lack sufficient power to generate knowledge that is translatable into implementable solutions, because of their failure to provide a holistic view limited their ability to capture the complexity of real-world problems. Transdisciplinary collaborations gained popularity in health research in the 1990 s, when disciplinary researchers began to develop integrated research frameworks that transcended discipline-specific methods. Using cancer research as an example, this position paper describes the nature of different disciplinary collaborations, reviews transdisciplinary research projects funded by the US National Cancer Institute, discusses frameworks to develop shared mental models in teams and to evaluate transdisciplinary collaboration, highlights the role of team science in successful transdisciplinary health research, and proposes future research to develop the science of team science.

Partitioning genetic effects on birthweight at classical human leukocyte antigen loci into maternal and fetal components, using structural equation modelling.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region in both maternal and fetal genomes have been robustly associated with birthweight (BW) in previous genetic association studies. However, no study to date has partitioned the association between BW and classical HLA alleles into maternal and fetal components. We used structural equation modelling (SEM) to estimate the maternal and fetal effects of classical HLA alleles on BW. Our SEM leverages the data structure of the UK Biobank (UKB), which includes ∼270 000 participants' own BW and/or the BW of their firstborn child. We show via simulation that our model yields asymptotically unbiased estimates of the maternal and fetal allelic effects on BW and appropriate type I error rates, in contrast to simple regression models. Asymptotic power calculations show that we have sufficient power to detect moderate-sized maternal or fetal allelic effects of common HLA alleles on BW in the UKB. Applying our SEM to imputed classical HLA alleles and own and offspring BW from the UKB replicated the previously reported association at the HLA-C locus and revealed strong evidence for maternal (HLA-A*03:01, B*35:01, B*39:06, P <0.001) and fetal allelic effects (HLA-B*39:06, P <0.001) of non-HLA-C alleles on BW. Our model yields asymptotically unbiased estimates, appropriate type I error rates and appreciable power to estimate maternal and fetal effects on BW. These novel allelic associations between BW and classical HLA alleles provide insight into the immunogenetics of fetal growth in utero.

Meteorological Influence on Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter: A Nationwide Observational Study in South Korea (2010-2022).

Background and rationale The impact of meteorological factors, including atmospheric temperature, humidity, and wind speed, on the incidence of atrial fibrillation and flutter (AF) has been the subject of several studies, but the findings have been inconsistent. Given the complex and multifaceted nature of this relationship, a larger-scale study was necessary to provide sufficient statistical power and elucidate potential associations between them. The aim of this study was, thus, to investigate the potential associations between meteorological factors and the incidence of AF. Methods The South Korean government provides open access to national health insurance and weather data for its citizens; the data was available from January 2010 to July 2022. The national health insurance data includes the monthly number of patients diagnosed with a specific condition, reflecting the incidence and prevalence of the condition. Pearson correlation analyses were performed using the statistical analysis software, SAS® OnDemand for Academics (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, North Carolina, United States), to examine the association between each month's national average climate data and the number of patients diagnosed with AF. Results The number of patients diagnosed with AF in the total population showed a statistically significant correlation only with average wind speed (correlation coefficient (r)=-0.42, 95%CI -0.55 to -0.28, p<0.001) and sunshine duration (r=0.27, 95%CI 0.12 to 0.41, p<0.001). Among females aged 20-24 years, there was a statistically significant association with other variables, including average temperature, precipitation, humidity, and atmospheric pressure (p<0.05). Diurnal temperature variation showed inconsistent associations across different age and sex groups. Conclusion The number of patients diagnosed with AF is negatively correlated with average wind speed and positively correlated with sunshine duration in the general population, particularly among the elderly. There was no significant association between the number of patients diagnosed with AF and average temperature, precipitation, or humidity, except for females aged 20-24 years, who exhibited a significant association with these variables. However, it is important to note that these correlations do not establish causality.

Color-blind racial ideology and beliefs about environmental inequality among local US government officials

ABSTRACT Recent scholarship argues that racial oppression by the state is central to the formation of environmental inequalities, calling into question reliance on the state to achieve environmental justice. Others argue that the state is not monolithic and is the only institution capable of wielding sufficient power to address environmental inequalities. I engage with this discussion through a survey of US local government officials (N = 691). I find that officials tend to engage in color-blind environmental racism; that is, officials tend to understand issues of environmental inequality through the lens of color-blind racial ideology. Findings support the arguments of critical environmental justice scholars who question the state’s inherent capacity to respond to issues of environmental racism. However, variance in officials’ views also suggest that the state is a site of political contestation with many officials both recognizing the reality of environmental inequality and racism and supporting government intervention to address it.

Advancements in performance of zinc oxide/carbon quantum dots based photovoltaic trigeneration system using genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization

Correct parametric extraction is vital for efficient photovoltaic cell designing and study of concerned system attributes, but the considerable nonlinearity of the results from the current–voltage curve makes this a difficult task. Consequently, in recent years, various interesting meta-heuristic techniques have been proposed to further expedite this development due to rapid advances in computer technology and swarm intelligence. In this work, two meta-heuristic methods, i.e., Genetic Algorithm and the Particle Swarm Optimisation method are used to identify the photovoltaic parameters of Zinc Oxide and Carbon Quantum Dots based hybrid cells. The values of optimised parameters, i.e., photo generated current, saturation current, series resistance, shunt resistance, using Genetic Algorithm are 0.567 mA, 0.077 mA, 61.282 Ω, 1.203 Ω respectively, and using Particle Swarm Optimization are 0.636 mA, 0.079 mA, 58.367 Ω, 0.975 Ω respectively. These results were validated using a highly potent optimization method, i.e., Artificial Neural Network using the firefly algorithm, the predicted photovoltaic characteristics aided in superior energy management and the proper operation of the photovoltaic system. The optimised results are deployed in a solar trigeneration model which is used in a commercial building. To substantiate the application area, a simulation tool, Polysun 12.0.8, is utilised to simulate and analyse the performance of hybrid cells. It is understood that the cell optimised using Particle Swarm Optimization obtains 7.85 % higher efficacy than the one optimised using Genetic Algorithm. The ultimate aim is to improve the efficiency of the solar systems and cope with the energy requirements by providing sufficient power, cooling and heating energy.

Respiratory health effects of e-cigarette substitution for tobacco cigarettes: a systematic review

BackgroundE-cigarettes (electronic nicotine delivery system, ENDS) have been presented as a harm reduction strategy for people who smoke tobacco cigarettes but who cannot achieve abstinence, or for those who wish to continue to enjoy nicotine and the habit of smoking. What are the health effects of the substitution of ENDS for tobacco cigarettes? This systematic review evaluates the evidence of human clinical tests on the respiratory effects of ENDS use in participants who smoke tobacco cigarettes.MethodsA registered and published protocol was developed conforming to PRISMA 2020 and AMSTAR2 standards. The literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and the CENTRAL Cochrane Library and updated to May 2022. Three supplementary searches and a grey literature search were performed. Studies were evaluated with the JBI quality tools and the Oxford Catalogue of Bias. Due to the heterogeneity (diversity) of the studies, a narrative data synthesis was performed on the test findings plus three sub-group analyses.ResultsThe review consists of sixteen studies and twenty publications. Spirometry tests comprised the majority of the data. In total, 66 respiratory test measurements were reported, out of which 43 (65%) were not significant. Statistically significant findings were mixed, with 9 tests showing improvements and 14 measuring declines, none of which was clinically relevant. Ten studies were rated at a high risk of bias, and six had some concerns primarily due to inadequate research designs and the conduct of the studies. Reporting bias was documented in thirteen studies.ConclusionsMost of the studies showed no difference in respiratory parameters. This indicates that ENDS substitution for smoking likely does not result in additional harm to respiratory health. Due to the low quality of the studies, confidence in the conclusions is rated as low. Robust studies with a longer duration and sufficient power are required to validate any potential benefits or possible harms of ENDS substitution.Registration PROSPERO #CRD42021239094, International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/29084.

Efficacy and Safety of Inebilizumab in IgG4-Related Disease: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a debilitating multiorgan disease characterized by recurring flares leading to organ dysfunction, decreased quality of life, and mortality. Glucocorticoids, the standard of care for IgG4-RD, are associated with substantial treatment-related toxicity. Inebilizumab, an antibody directed against CD19, mediates the rapid and durable depletion of CD19+ B cells thought to be involved in IgG4-RD pathogenesis. We describe the first international, prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of B-cell depletion for flare prevention in IgG4-RD (MITIGATE). The study was designed by an international panel of physicians with expertise in IgG4-RD. Critical trial design decisions included the selection of participants, definition of clinically meaningful primary and secondary endpoints, accommodation of standard of care, and development of flare diagnostic criteria. The study is approved for conduct in 22 countries. The primary efficacy endpoint is time from randomization to the occurrence of the first centrally adjudicated and investigator-treated disease flare during the 1-year randomized controlled period. A set of novel, organ-specific flare diagnostic criteria were developed specifically for this trial, incorporating symptoms and signs, laboratory findings, imaging study results, and pathology data. MITIGATE aims to accrue 39 flares for the primary endpoint, which provides sufficient power to detect a relative risk reduction of 65% in the inebilizumab group. It is anticipated that enrollment of 160 participants will achieve this goal. Additional endpoints include safety, annualized flare rate, flare-free complete remission, quality-of-life measures, and cumulative glucocorticoid use. MITIGATE represents the first randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of any treatment strategy conducted in IgG4-RD. Data from this study will provide insights into the natural history and pathophysiology of IgG4-RD and the efficacy and safety of B-cell depletion as a therapeutic avenue. NCT04540497.

A Transient Spore‐Forming Microbial Fuel Cell with Extracellularly Biosynthesized Tin Oxide Nanoparticles for Powering Disposable and Green Papertronics

AbstractTransient electronics, which can operate only for short‐lived applications and then be eco‐friendly disintegrated, create opportunities in environmental sensing, healthcare, and hardware security. Paper‐based electronics, or papertronics, recently have rapidly advanced the physically transient device platform because paper as a foundation offers an environmentally sustainable and cost‐effective option for those increasingly pervasive and fast‐updated single‐use applications. Paper‐based power supplies are indispensable to realize a fully papertronic paradigm and are a critical enabler of environmentally benign power solutions. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) hold great potential as power sources for such green papertronic applications. This work reports the design, operation, and optimization of a high‐power papertronic MFC by biosynthesizing microbe‐mediated tin oxide nanoparticles (SnO2 NPs) on dormant Bacillus subtilis endospores. They form an electrical conduit that improves electron harvesting during the spore germination and power generation. The MFC is packaged in a sub‐microporous alginate to minimize the potential risk of bacteria leakage. Upon the introduction of water, the paper‐based MFC generates a significantly enhanced power density of 140 µW cm−2, which is more than two orders of magnitude greater than their previously reported counterparts. Six MFCs connected in series generate more than sufficient power to run an on‐chip, light‐emitting diode.

Cellulose-fueled microbial fuel cells equipped with a bipolar membrane using hydrogen phosphate as the final electron acceptor.

A bipolar membrane microbial fuel cell (bMFC) is used to generate electricity using cellulose in phosphate buffer solution as fuel, and the mechanism of electricity generation is elucidated from five reference experiments. The bMFC was operated for 20 days using cellulose as fuel and Cellulomonas fimi. In the first reference experiment, no microorganism was used. In the second experiment, a cation-exchange membrane was used instead of a bipolar membrane. In the third experiment, the bipolar membrane was used in the opposite orientation as in the main experiment. In the fourth experiment, D2O was used instead of H2O in the cathode chamber. In the final experiment, the tris-maleate buffer was used instead of a phosphate buffer. Sufficient power generation did not occur in either reference experiment. The bMFC continuously generated electricity for 20days, and elucidated H+ and OH- react in bipolar membrane, where the counter cation of dihydrogen phosphate served as the final electron acceptor.

Evaluating the feasibility of measuring planar area of Sclerophytum penghuense and Cladiella hartogi using 2D image analysis

Soft coral (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) farming has been widely used to decrease the fishing pressure on wild populations harvested for use in the ornamental trade and studies related to natural products. With a soft and flexible body, only a few attempts have been made to quantify the growth rate, either in the field or in aquarium systems. In this study, the planar area measurement approach was applied and evaluated for its applicability to soft corals. All fragments of Sclerophytum penghuense and Cladiella hartogi were placed on individual tiles (10 × 10 cm) and randomly distributed in the mesocosm. Two treatments were applied: (1) finger touch treatment, and (2) air exposure for one minute to avoid the influence of morphological flexibility caused by the hydroskeleton before taking photographs underwater. Two independent tests were carried out including (1) applying two treatments before taking photographs for four sides (only for S. penghuense), and (2) comparing the planar area and linear measurement with its dry weight (for both species). Since the shape of C. hartogi is stable through time, the first test was not required for C. hartogi. The photographs were taken twice per day (11:00am and 8:00pm), and five pictures were taken for each side. The results showed that there was no significant difference between one and five pictures used (P &gt; 0.05). Furthermore, taking photographs of two sides that are perpendicular to each other is recommended to provide sufficient statistical power. Meanwhile, the air treatment made the fragments less flexible during the photographing process which should be used in this standardized 2D image analysis. Our results also showed that planar area was strongly correlated (P &lt; 0.001) with its dry weight (R2 = 0.929 for S. penghuense and R2 = 0.945 for C. hartogi). In addition, the air exposure treatment was consistently similar during both times (daytime and nighttime). Based on the results, we suggest this standardized 2D method to measure the growth of soft corals by measuring planar area changes through time.

‘Blind Spots’ of the ‘Scandinavian-Centric’ Hypothesis on the Origin of the Old Russian State

The author considers some of the ‘blind spots’ of the ‘Scandinavian-centric’ hypotheses on the emergence of the Old Russian state. He shows that adherents of the ‘Scandinavian-centric paradigm’ very often resort to ad hoc explanations without noticing the critical contradictions in their constructions. If we collect partial statements of the Scandinavian-centred hypotheses, we see how they begin to contradict each other. For example, according to Elena Melnikova, Old Russian ‘варѧгъ’ comes from Scandinavian ‘væringi’, which in turn comes from Greek ‘βάρaγγοι’, and Greek ‘βάρaγγοι’ in turn comes from the Old Russian ‘варѧгъ’. In the context of the processes leading to the formation of the Old Russian state, the author critically evaluates the ideas of the ‘Scandinavian control over the Baltic-Volga trade route’ and ‘Scandinavian colonies’ in Eastern Europe. The local polities of early medieval Eastern Europe, whether Slavic, Baltic or Finnish, obviously possessed sufficient power and military potential to close off uncontrolled movement along the river routes to the Scandinavians if they so wished. The author also raises the question of the initial political status and real role in the formation of the Old Russian state of the emerging settlements specialized in trade in Ladoga and Gnezdovo.

Thermodynamic analysis of combined heating and power system with In-Situ resource utilization for lunar base

With the growing interest in lunar exploration around the world, the construction of lunar base has naturally become a focus for researchers seeking sustainable exploration. The extreme temperature variations on the lunar surface and the 14-day lunar night pose great challenges to the stable output of electricity and heat energy from the lunar base energy system. In addition, the launch cost of constructing lunar base has emerged as an urgent research focus. In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) has the potential to be a feasible and effective way. With the aim of reducing launch mass, this study proposes a combined heating and power system (CHP) with ISRU for lunar base. With specific power and net output being the primary research objectives, the system design and thermal performance analysis are conducted. The results show that the proposed system can achieve a net output of 101.25 kW and a specific power of 13.00 W/kg by optimizing working fluid and parameters to satisfy the heating demand of 15 kW. Compared with the solar photovoltaic cell system of 0.86 W/kg and the nuclear reactor power system of 6.88 W/kg, the proposed system with ISRU can significantly reduce launch costs while ensuring sufficient power and heat output.

An Optimal Energy Control System for Campus Microgrid Using Crow Search Algorithm Considering Economic Dispatch

This article presents an optimal energy control system that considers economic dispatch (ED) for a campus microgrid to reduce its operating cost. A newly developed crow search algorithm (CSA) is used to enforce the ED in this work. To achieve this purpose, an optimal size of distributed energy resources (DERs) in the campus microgrid is assumed. CSA is used to optimize the energy control system and find the minimum operating cost of the campus microgrid. To indicate the effectiveness of CSA, several scenarios under various load demand conditions in grid-connected and stand-alone microgrid modes are investigated in this work. According to the findings, the suggested model is capable of sufficient power supply in all scenarios and reduces the operating costs more effectively than the reference delineated in the same case. The outcomes confirm that the suggested model’s performance is optimal for the energy control system of a campus microgrid.

The Additional Effect of Training Above the Maximal Metabolic Steady State on VO2peak, Wpeak and Time-Trial Performance in Endurance-Trained Athletes: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Reality Check.

To improve sport performance, athletes use training regimens that include exercise below and above the maximal metabolic steady state (MMSS). The objective of this review was to determine the additional effect of training above MMSS on VO2peak, Wpeak and time-trial (TT) performance in endurance-trained athletes. Studies were included in the review if they (i) were published in academic journals, (ii) were in English, (iii) were prospective, (iv) included trained participants, (v) had an intervention group that contained training above and below MMSS, (vi) had a comparator group that only performed training below MMSS, and (vii) reported results for VO2peak, Wpeak, or TT performance. Medline and SPORTDiscus were searched from inception until February 23, 2023. Fourteen studies that ranged from 2 to 12weeks were included in the review. There were 171 recreational and 128 competitive endurance athletes. The mean age and VO2peak of participants ranged from 15 to 43years and 38 to 68mL·kg-1·min-1, respectively. The inclusion of training above MMSS led to a 2.5mL·kg-1·min-1 (95% CI 1.4-3.6; p < 0.01; I2 = 0%) greater improvement in VO2peak. A minimum of 81 participants per group would be required to obtain sufficient power to determine a significant effect (SMD 0.44) for VO2peak. No intensity-specific effect was observed for Wpeak or TT performance, in part due to a smaller sample size. A single training meso-cycle that includes training above MMSS can improve VO2peak in endurance-trained athletes more than training only below MMSS. However, we do not have sufficient evidence to conclude that concurrent adaptation occurs for Wpeak or TT performance.

ABkPowerCalculator: An App to Compute Power for Balanced (AB)k Single Case Experimental Designs

Single case experimental designs are an important research design in behavioral and medical research. Although there are design standards prescribed by the What Works Clearinghouse for single case experimental designs, these standards do not include statistically derived power computations. Recently we derived the equations for computing power for (AB)k designs. However, these computations and the software code in R may not be accessible to applied researchers who are most likely to want to compute power for their studies. Therefore, we have developed an (AB)k power calculator Shiny App (https://abkpowercalculator.shinyapps.io/ABkpowercalculator/) that researchers can use with no software training. These power computations assume that the researcher would be interested in fitting multilevel models with autocorrelations or conduct similar analyses. The purpose of this software contribution is to briefly explain how power is derived for balanced (AB)k designs and to elaborate on how to use the Shiny App. The app works well on not just computers but mobile phones without installing the R program. We believe this can be a valuable tool for practitioners and applied researchers who want to plan their single case studies with sufficient power to detect appropriate effect sizes.

A Deep Sensing System for Monitoring the Health Status of Transmission Line Equipment Based on Self-Powered Sensors

The increasingly complex transmission lines can no longer rely on a single manual inspection method to monitor the health of equipment. Considering the actual needs and conditions, online monitoring of transmission lines can make up for the shortcomings of traditional detection methods. In order to reduce the manual workload and improve the accuracy and efficiency of detection, this paper introduces the application of self-powered sensors in the transmission line equipment health state depth sensing system. The research considers that the sensor is the important sensor module foundation of the online monitoring system. The characteristics of sensor cells used for solar energy conversion are analyzed. The self-powered sensor is introduced into the transmission line equipment health depth sensing system, and the transmission line network model and data transmission compression algorithm are optimized. The experimental results show that photovoltaic cells can effectively provide stable and relatively sufficient power for sensors, and prolong the service life of nodes. This improves the utilization of node resources, effectively reduces latency and energy consumption, and effectively extends the application life cycle of the sensor system.