Sufficient Knowledge Research Articles

Women's Awareness of Reproductive Health.

Background and Objectives: reproductive disorders are a serious global concern in medical, social, and demographic contexts. According to estimates, approximately 10-15% of couples around the world suffer from infertility. Numerous studies have shown that modifiable lifestyle factors, such as a high-fat diet, a postponed decision to start a family, tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, risky sexual behavior, psychiatric diseases, and chronic stress, have a negative influence on the fertility of women. The main goal of this study is to assess the knowledge of women about reproductive health, infertility risk factors, and causes of infertility and to determine whether the level of this knowledge varies based on sociodemographic variables. Materials and Methods: a survey was conducted among 111 patients who anonymously filled in a questionnaire comprising questions regarding fertility and its deficiencies. The results were analyzed using the Chi-square test and Fisher's test. Results: the survey results indicated that women had a good or very good level of knowledge of the causes of infertility. The obtained test results were statistically significant (p < 0.05), but the studied group did not possess sufficient knowledge of the symptoms characterizing the diseases related to limited fertility (p > 0.05). The level of knowledge on the diagnosis of infertility did not depend on the age of the examined people, their educational level, or personal experience in this field (p > 0.05). The results also revealed that the awareness of women on reproductive health was poor. The studied women had a low level of knowledge of infertility risk factors, and their knowledge did not correlate with age, educational level, or personal experiences. Conclusions: information on the aspects of reproductive health should be widely disseminated through public educational campaigns, aimed at correcting erroneous convictions among women about the risk factors for infertility and assisting them in improving fertility.

A Hybrid Optimization Approach for Pulmonary Nodules Segmentation and Classification using Deep CNN

Lung Cancer, due to a lower survival rate, is a deadly disease as compared to other cancers. The prior determination of the lung cancer tends to increase the survival rate. Though there are numerous lung cancer detection techniques, they are all insufficient to detect accurate cancer due to variations in the intensity of the CT scan image. For more accuracy in segmentation of CT images, the proposed Elephant-Based Bald Eagle Optimization (EBEO) algorithm is used. This proposed research concentrates on developing a lung nodule detection technique based on Deep learning. To obtain an effective result, the segmentation process will be carried out using the proposed algorithm. Further, the proposed algorithm will be utilized to tune the hyper parameter of the deep learning classifier to increase detection accuracy. It is expected that the proposed state-of-art method will exceed all conventional methods in terms of detection accuracy due to the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. This survey will be helpful for the healthcare research communities with sufficient knowledge to understand the concepts of the EBEO algorithm and the Deep Convolutional Neural Network for improving the overall human healthcare system.

Radiographers’ role in justification of medical imaging examinations

IntroductionJustification is one of the fundamental principles in radiation protection and according to the ICRP, justification means that any decision that alters the radiation exposure situation should do more good than harm. The purpose of this study was to explore diagnostic radiographers’ attitude towards their role in justification, and to assess the perceived need for justification discussions with peers and the ability to reject unjustified referrals during day, evening, and night shifts. MethodsThis study was conducted in Norway and Denmark. A questionnaire was developed in Norwegian and translated into Danish, and two experienced radiographers assessed content validity. A secure online data capture solution was used, and the questionnaire was distributed to radiographers working in clinical settings in March and April 2022 (n = 1215). ResultsA total of 202 radiographers were included in the study, 93 from Norway and 109 from Denmark, respectively. Seventy-nine per cent of the radiographers reported that they had a duty to assess justification and 86 % did so daily. Their role in justification assessment was reported as relatively important, where CT and MRI had significantly different results than the total respondents. Radiologists were designated as being most responsible in the assessment, closely followed by referring doctors and radiographers. The most important criterion for justification assessment was the referring doctor's clinical assessment. The need to confer was highest during daytime when there were also more opportunities to confer. ConclusionThe need to discuss justification of examinations is greater during daytime when access to radiologists is also high, while both access and need are low during night shifts. Further research is needed to explain the latter finding. Radiographers who engage in daily justification assessments, and perceive it as a duty, find justification important and report having sufficient knowledge to carry out these assessments.

Quality of Service for Health Workers at the Motaha Community Health Center, South Konawe Regency Southeast Sulawesi

A community health center (puskesmas) is a functional organization that carries out health efforts that are comprehensive, integrated, equitable, acceptable and affordable to the community and use the results of appropriate science and technology development, at a cost that can be borne by the government and the community. The aim of this research is to determine the quality of service of health workers at the Motaha District Health Center. South Konawe, Southeast Sulawesi. This type of research is descriptive observational. This type of research is observational, descriptive in nature, which aims to describe the quality of service of health workers at the Motaha District Health Center. South Konawe, Southeast Sulawesi. Based on the results of field research, it shows that 40 respondents (76.9 %) had sufficient knowledge and 12 respondents (23.1%) had insufficient knowledge.

Optimasi Pertanian: Sosialisasi Budidaya Sayuran Organik Untuk Peningkatan Kesejahteraan Petani Dan Kualitas Pangan

Cultivating organic vegetables promises significant benefits such as supporting environmental health, increasing farmer welfare, and improving food quality. Even though demand for organic vegetables continues to increase, farmers' awareness and understanding regarding organic cultivation is still limited due to barriers to access to information and the strong tradition of conventional farming. To overcome these obstacles, service activities are carried out through socialization of organic vegetable cultivation, in collaboration with CV Reja Mayur. This outreach not only provides technical information on organic cultivation but also highlights economic and environmental aspects. Approach methods through lectures, discussions and simulations are used to provide significant understanding to socialization participants. The results of this activity are not only aimed at meeting market demand for organic vegetables, but also as a strategic step in achieving sustainable agriculture. The hope is that farmers can implement organic vegetable cultivation practices with sufficient confidence and knowledge, create positive transformations in their lives, and have a positive impact on the local community and environment.

Career Pathways: Studying the Factors Influencing Career Choice and Change Among Graduate Students in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

The present study aimed to investigate various factors that influence career choice and change of graduate students in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. To achieve this objective, a qualitative research approach was employed, and a phenomenological case study design was utilized. Data collection was conducted through semistructured interviews, involving a total of 44 graduate students. Social Learning Theory as proposed by Krumboltz guided the study. The collected data were analyzed using the content analysis technique. The findings of the study indicated that the career choices of graduate students were influenced by factors such as family members and siblings, academic performance, and a lack of sufficient career knowledge and information. Conversely, career changes were found to be influenced by low remuneration, low motivation, job insecurity, and long working hours. These findings highlight the importance of providing graduate students with comprehensive information about the programs they intend to pursue before enrolling in universities. Furthermore, it is recommended that higher learning institutions offer career information services to assist graduates in making informed decisions regarding their career paths. Additionally, parents should provide guidance to their children based on their career interests and abilities. Lastly, employers should strive to create supportive and motivating work environments that encourage employees to remain with their organizations for longer periods of time.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on Adverse Drug Reactions and its Reporting Among Nursing Students

Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) is defined as ‘a response to a medicine which is noxious and unintended, and which occurs at doses normally used in man’. ADR reporting does not yet appear to be regarded by healthcare practitioners as an integral element of standard professional practice. This is mainly because there isn't a robust and active ADR monitoring system or a culture of reporting among medical personnel. If given sufficient knowledge and skills during their undergraduate training careers, medical students could play a significant role and shift the paradigm in the successful implementation of a Pharmacovigilance program. At the moment, they don't have any significant roles due to insufficient training they received regarding ADR reporting. Thus it can be reasoned that effective educational intervention regarding ADR reporting improves Spontaneous Reporting. This study improves the Knowledge Attitude and Practice on ADRs among nursing students as they are the next generation of healthcare workers who will be the first point of contact in case a patient develops an adverse drug reaction in hospital settings. The goal of the study is to assess and improve the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on Adverse Drug Reactions and its reporting among nursing students. The study also aimed to identify the barriers associated with reporting of Adverse Drug Reactions among the study subjects. An educational interventional study was carried out among 150 samples in selected nursing colleges of Bengaluru. The data was collected by using self designed content validated questionnaire and responses were recorded. All data obtained was processed and analyzed by using Microsoft excel. It was found that most of the student’s knowledge towards Adverse Drug Reactions and its reporting were found to be improved after suitable intervention. Lack of training, less exposure, absence of professional confidence was identified as barriers associated with reporting of ADR. With the right coaching and guidance provided by means of educational programs, this study was able to further enhance nursing student’s knowledge, attitude and practice regarding Adverse Drug Reactions and its reporting.

Thin privacy boundaries: proximity and accessibility of E-commerce privacy policy in young consumers of Indonesia

PurposePrivacy is a sensitive issue in business because it involves how a platform uses consumer personal data. In terms of consumer rights, personal information needs to be protected in the privacy policy (PP). This study describes several aspects of the PP that consumers need to pay attention to, especially points prone to misuse of personal information.Design/methodology/approachThis research used a taxonomy of consumer privacy concerns in e-commerce to reveal general and specific privacy concerns. The privacy calculus theory was also applied to explore consumer rationalization using (1) consumer knowledge about PP, (2) subjective perception, and (3) proximity to the PP features. Furthermore, the netnographic approach was used to combine the interrelation between technology and social construction. A sample of 378 young consumers in several major cities in Indonesia participated online and offline. Semi-structured interviews were also conducted to gain more in-depth comprehension.FindingsThe results showed that most young consumers have sufficient basic knowledge of the important points of PP. Furthermore, they tend not to read the PP because it is long and cumbersome, and therefore do not wish to expend much cognitive effort on it.Originality/valueThis study provides several results that can be utilized by policymakers or e-commerce companies to pay more attention to PPs for young groups. In addition, e-commerce companies can increase the knowledge of the privacy situation of Internet users in general.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-11-2022-0740

Teaching Design Process for Modules Belonging to the Specialized Knowledge Block of Information Technology for University Students According to the Competency Approach

The article begins by summarizing the content of “Teaching through a Competency-based Approach”, analyzing the curriculum of specialized courses in Information Technology, emphasizing the crucial role of this field in various aspects of life and national development. The focus of the article is on the training objectives in the field of Information Technology, particularly the aim to educate bachelor’s degree holders with sufficient knowledge, skills, and political qualities to meet industry requirements. The article lists key Information Technology courses such as databases, computer networks, system analysis and design, programming, information security, artificial intelligence, and software development. Subsequently, the article describes important factors in the teaching process, including teaching tools and methods. This encompasses the necessity of using tools such as simulation software, instructional videos, and diverse teaching methods such as problem-based learning, project-based learning, and case study-based teaching. Finally, the article presents a detailed design process following the competency-based approach, from establishing training outcome standards, aligning objectives with standards, to identifying conditions and criteria for competency implementation in real-world professional settings. The article proposes a specific teaching plan for each specialized course, ensuring the integration of knowledge, skills, and attitudes, as well as the integrity of the teaching process. The article serves as a comprehensive guide on how to design teaching in the field of Information Technology using a competency-based approach. It highlights challenges and opportunities for improving the quality of education in this field in Vietnam.

Canadian dentists' awareness and views on early childhood caries and its prevention and management.

The Canadian Dental Association (CDA) recommends children visit a dentist within 6 months of the eruption of their first tooth or by 12 months of age. The aim of this study was to investigate Canadian dentists' awareness and views on early childhood caries (ECC) and its prevention and management. This study analyzed a subset of questions relating to dentists' knowledge of ECC and prevention strategies, from a national survey of general and pediatric dentists, commissioned by the CDA in 2013. Analyses included descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses. A p-value of ≤0.05 was considered significant. Three thousand two hundred thirty-two out of 14,747 dentists responded (response rate of 21.9%), with 95.1% having heard of ECC. Overall, 60.9% of respondents reported that they were comfortable providing treatment to children with ECC. Significant differences were found between the number of years in practice and whether dentists were or were not comfortable providing prevention (19.5 ± 12.6 years vs. 25.4 ± 12.1 years; p < 0.001) or treatment for patients with ECC (19.1 ± 12.7 years vs. 22.5 ± 12.3 years; p < 0.001). Pediatric dentists (OR = 6.92; 95% CI: 2.57, 18.61), female dentists (OR = 1.13; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.24), dentists practicing in smaller urban areas (OR = 1.17; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.28), and dentists who were aware of the CDA's position on ECC (OR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.41) were more likely to be comfortable providing treatment for children with ECC. While the majority of Canadian dentists have sufficient knowledge of ECC, not all are comfortable providing oral health care services to children at a young age. It is encouraging however, that most dentists are wanting additional oral health resources designed for education on ECC prevention for parents of young children.

English For Specific Purposes in SMK – The Ambition Versus Reality

&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class="fontstyle0"&gt;After the World War II, English has become the language of the world. It is used in various communications from business, culture, technology, education and world’s politic. In education, it is extremely important for vocational school to learn ESP as the students are being prepared to enter the work force directly after graduation. However, researcher found that there is no ESP textbook available nor training is provided to teachers how to adjust the textbook to teach ESP. The textbooks produced&lt;br /&gt;either by the government and private publishers are general English and do not have ESP appropriate for each SMK major. There are over 18 majors in SMK and each require an ESP to help them acquire sufficient skill and knowledge relate to their field of study. The lack of ESP textbook for the students should become the concern of the Ministry of Education and all English educators. It is surprising to find that there is no formal ESP textbook available in the market. Producing qualified learning materials is crucial in preparing the SMK graduates to enter the workforce in the era of globalization.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Chronic venous insufficiency, could it be one of the missing pieces in the puzzle of treating pain?

Pain is a common complaint among patients seeking medical care. If left untreated, pain can become chronic, significantly affecting patients' quality of life. An accurate diagnosis of the underlying cause of pain is crucial for effective treatment. Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is frequently overlooked by pain physicians. Moreover, many pain physicians lack sufficient knowledge about CVI. CVI is a common condition resulting from malfunctioning or damaged valves in lower limb veins. Symptoms of CVI, ranging from mild to severe, include pain, heaviness, fatigue, itching, swelling, skin color changes, and ulcers in the lower limbs. Recently, it has become more widely known that these symptoms can be attributed to CVI. Even slight or mild CVI can cause related symptoms. Pain physicians primarily consider neuromusculoskeletal disorders when assessing patients with leg pain, and often neglect the possibility of CVI. In clinical practice, when pain physicians encounter patients with unresolved leg pain, they must assess whether the patients exhibit symptoms of CVI and conduct tests to differentiate CVI from other potential causes.

The effect of cinema on human social behavior

Humans and creatures live by communication. The start moment of existence is the beginning of communication. But communication has taken different forms in different eras. Communication may be visual, auditory or sensory. In the world of beings, one of these communication methods is used as needed. In the field of visual communication, one of the most important parts is communication through images. This type of communication has been formed since the early times of human existence. Its signs are also petroglyphs that have been found in caves since the past centuries. This relationship changed shape in different eras and turned into painting, photography, and then into cinema and television images.Apart from being an art, cinema is an audio-visual medium that uses a combination of other arts to communicate with the audience. Nowadays, it is used in various ways to establish a communication bridge between cinema producers and social audiences. Because with it, they can convey the content they want to their audience. In essence, cinema is a bridge between the film producer and the target audience. But the type of use of this powerful and effective tool is different. In European and American countries, which are the founders of this means of communication, they use it well. But in the countries of the third world, especially the countries of the Middle East, especially Afghanistan, they could not use this magical tool to establish communication in order to change their society. The reason is the lack of sufficient knowledge of psychology, sociology, cultural studies and cinema technology and the power of image art to optimally use this means of mass communication.

BEHIND THE PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR PRESCRIPTION: AN INTERNATIONAL SURVEY ON PHYSICIAN PRACTICES AND KNOWLEDGE.

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely prescribed worldwide, often resulting in their overuse. Consequently, it is essential to identify the likely causes of this overuse to facilitate their appropriate prescription. This study aims to assess physician prescribing patterns, their knowledge of PPIs, and factors affecting their knowledge. An online survey was conducted among Latin American and Spanish physicians, collecting the following data: professional information, patterns of PPI usage, familiarity with published evidence, and the management approach in three hypothetical case-scenarios. Participant knowledge was categorized as sufficient or insufficient based on the results of the case scenarios. Subsequently, subgroup analysis was performed based on physician training level, years in practice, specialty, and time since the last PPI literature review. A total of 371 physicians participated in the survey. Thirty-eight percent frequently prescribe PPIs, primarily for prophylactic purposes (57.9%). Eighty percent were unfamiliar with PPI deprescribing strategies, and 54.4% rarely reviewed the ongoing indication of patients taking a PPI. Sixty-four percent demonstrated sufficient knowledge in the case-scenarios. A significant association was observed between specialty type (medical vs surgical: 69.4% vs 46.8%, P<0.001), the timing of the PPI indication literature review (<5 years vs >5 years: 71.4% vs 58.7%, P=0.010), and sufficient knowledge. While most participants prescribed PPIs regularly and for prophylaxis purposes, the majority were unfamiliar with deprescribing strategies and rarely reviewed ongoing indications. Sufficient knowledge is correlated with recent literature reviews and medical specialty affiliation. • The study aims to evaluate physician prescribing patterns, assess their knowledge of proton pump inhibitors, and identify factors influencing their knowledge. • An online survey of Latin American and Spanish physicians assessed proton pump inhibitor usage patterns and case-scenario responses, categorizing knowledge, and conducting subgroup analysis based on training, experience, specialty, and literature review timing. • Thirty-eight percent of surveyed physicians commonly prescribed proton pump inhibitors, and among them, 80% were unfamiliar with deprescribing strategies, with 54.4% rarely reviewing ongoing indications. • Sufficient knowledge was correlated with recent literature reviews and medical specialty affiliations.

Rheumatology Training for Undergraduate Medical Students in Uganda: A Need Assessment Survey.

Despite the rise in the common rheumatological and musculoskeletal disorders (RMDs) in Africa, rheumatology remains an under recognized field with limited training and exposure of medical students. We assessed the knowledge of undergraduate medical students in Uganda on RMDs occurring in our settings. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among clinical year medical students at 9 universities in Uganda offering undergraduate medical degrees in March and April 2022. A self-administered, semistructured questionnaire was used to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics and basic knowledge on RMDs online using KoboToolbox. Sufficient knowledge was defined as a score of ≥50% (pass mark for undergraduate students in Uganda). Multivariable logistic regression was performed using STATA 16 to determine factors associated with knowledge acquisition on RMDs. We enrolled 359 medical students from 9 medical training institutes across Uganda. Overall, 126 (35.1%) participants had sufficient knowledge and the overall mean score for all participants was 41.2%. Factors independently associated with sufficient knowledge were: being in fourth (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.6, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.49-4.64, P < .001) and fifth year (aOR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.18-4.18, P = .013) compared to third year of study, awareness of the speciality of rheumatology (aOR: 4.0, 95% CI: 1.96-8.06, P < .001), formal classes on rheumatology (aOR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.15-3.35, P = .012), prior bedside teaching on RMDs (aOR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.49-3.69, P < .001), awareness of common RMDs (aOR: 3.2, 95% CI: 1.67-6.04, P < .001), and having seen a patient with an RMD (aOR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.14-2.77, P < .01). There was a significant knowledge gap among undergraduate medical students nationwide on rheumatology. There is an urgent need to increase exposure to RMDs for undergraduate medical students to address the rising burden of RMDs in Uganda.

Knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding human papilloma virus vaccination among physicians in Qatar.

The human papilloma virus is a global problem that affects sexually active women and men, with cervical cancer being the most serious associated disease. Most cervical cancer cases can be prevented by vaccination against the human papilloma virus early in life. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices among physicians working in Qatar, regarding the human papilloma virus, infection, and prevention using vaccines. This was a cross-sectional study using quantitative data collection. An online survey targeting physicians working in Qatar was conducted, using a web-based pretested questionnaire. The questionnaire comprised four sections capturing a few demographic details, 33 questions in the Knowledge Section, 12 questions eliciting the attitude, and 14 practice-related questions. Mean knowledge score was calculated and those with a score more than the mean score were considered to have sufficient knowledge. Association between knowledge and attitude/practices/independent variables were looked for using bivariate and multivariate analysis. Logistic regression was used to identify the predictors for recommending human papilloma virus vaccines. Of the 557 physicians who participated, 83.7% had sufficient knowledge, but only 69.1% knew that human papilloma virus vaccines were available in Qatar. The majority (89.4%) knew that human papilloma virus infection could be asymptomatic and 96.1% knew at least one symptom; 77% believed the human papilloma virus vaccine would substantially decrease the chances of human papilloma virus infection and related cancers and 46.5% felt physicians were less motivated to promote the human papilloma virus vaccine. The perceived barriers to community acceptance of the human papilloma virus vaccine were lack of awareness regarding the relationship between human papilloma virus and cervical cancer (61.6%), doubts regarding efficacy (32.5%), fear regarding safety (26.9%), concern that the human papilloma virus vaccination may encourage risky sexual behavior (26.8%), and perceived low-risk (23.3%) and cost (24.6%). Only 21.5% commonly discussed sexual health with their clients. More than one-third were not interested in recommending the human papilloma virus vaccine. Bivariate analysis showed nationality, specialization, discussing with patients, and recommending vaccine to be significantly associated with knowledge. Bivariate and regression analysis identified that female gender and physician's religion were significant predictors to recommend the human papilloma virus vaccine. Most physicians have good knowledge. Less than one-fourth commonly discussed sexual health with their clients. More than one-third were not interested in recommending the human papilloma virus vaccine. This issue might affect the human papilloma virus vaccination program implementation if not well addressed.

Islamic Perspective of Household Debt Management: An In-Depth Study

The use of debt in personal life has become crucial in modern times. Nowadays, people prefer to incur debt to fulfill their needs, wants, and demands. However, it is important to have sufficient knowledge and literacy in debt management unless it might be a cause of financial failure. In Malaysia, the tremendous growth of loans and debt-based products has led to a rise in household indebtedness. It seems Malaysian households are suffering from a lack of knowledge about debt and its management. Hence, the aim of the study is to explore the Islamic point of view regarding the management of debt. This study employs a qualitative approach, utilizing in-depth interviews with a group of Shariah scholars. The selection of these scholars follows a snowball sampling technique, ensuring a comprehensive and insightful exploration of this research topic. The findings of the study expose that the rulings on debt and its settlement in Islam vary according to particular circumstances. In general, there is no harm to incur debt as it valid (halal). However, debt should only be used to fulfill necessities, as the absence of it might cause damage to the debtor. On the other side, Islam encourages people to become creditors by giving interest free loans (qard-e-hasan). Moreover, it inspires the creditors to extend the debt repayment period in case of debtors’ inability to pay back the debt within the specific period to ensure social and economic welfare. Thus, the study contributes to improving the knowledge and literacy of the Malaysians about debt and its treatment, ultimately improving their financial behaviors.

The Relationship Between Knowledge and Attitude of Pregnant Women about Anc with The Suitability of Antenatal Care Visits

Background:The goal of an ANC (Antenatal Care) examination is to assess a pregnant woman's physical and mental health in order to help her prepare for childbirth, the postpartum period, exclusive breastfeeding, and the restoration of her reproductive organs' health. To have a happy pregnancy and birthing experience, pregnant women get prenatal care (ANC) (positive pregnancy experience). Objective:To determine the relationship between the knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women about ANC and the suitability of ANC visits. Methods:The type of research used in this study is an analytical survey with a cross-sectional design. The study participants were typical primigravida pregnant women—as many as 172 people. The sample of this study was 120 primigravida pregnant women who had attended antenatal care visits at 3 Community Health Centers and 3 TPMB Cimahi City. Results:According to this study, 21.6% of respondents had good knowledge, 21.8% of respondents had sufficient knowledge, and 56.6% of respondents had less knowledge. 39.1% of respondents had a positive attitude towards the implementation of ANC, fewer than the respondents who had a negative attitude of 60.9%. Based on the bivariate analysis, which resulted in a p-value of 0.000, Conclusion:Pregnant women are required to constantly be receptive to the advice of healthcare professionals in order to broaden their knowledge and inspire moms to have their pregnancies regularly monitored

Level of confidence in management of medically compromised patients among senior dental students and interns in Madinah

Background: Planning for dental treatment for medically compromised patients (MCP) generally involves understanding the nature of the patient\&amp;apos;s condition and its influence on their general and dental health, response to treatment, and post-treatment healing. Dental senior students and interns need to be confident about formulating a treatment plan to treat MCP with impaired health status, like systemic diseases and immune-compromised patients who require modification of their dental treatment according to their condition. This study aims to assess the knowledge, confidence, and ability of senior dental students and interns to manage MCP at Taibah University, College of Dentistry, Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted using an online-based self-administrated questionnaire consisting of 26 close-ended questions. It was divided into three sections dealing with demographic data, knowledge, and confidence about the management of MCP. Results: The study group comprised 82 participants. Most participants were males, 52.4%, and half were senior dental students. Most participants reported that they have sufficient knowledge about the dental management of MCP. Only 45.1% agreed that evaluating risk factors is necessary for MCP and think the patient\&amp;apos;s postoperative outcome depends on the patient\&amp;apos;s medical status. However, 50% were less confident in dealing with MCP, while 87.8% may need more training to handle MCP. Conclusions: The present study revealed a need to enhance confidence and knowledge about managing MCP among dental students and interns. Diagnosing complex cases and choosing a suitable treatment regimen is vital to reducing possible adverse side effects and achieving treatment outcomes. Hence, further training to improve the management of MCP in dental settings is essential

Community Pharmacists' Knowledge and Attitude Towards Opioid Pain Medication Use in Bahir Dar City, North-West Ethiopia.

Opioid use is a major global public health problem, affecting 16 million individuals worldwide. According to a 2023 WHO report, out of the 600,000 substance-related deaths worldwide, 80% were attributed to opioid use. Pharmacists play a vital role in reducing unnecessary opioid exposure while facilitating access to non-opioid alternatives. To do so, pharmacists should have sufficient knowledge regarding opioid-containing medications and a positive attitude about opioid use problems. This study aimed to evaluate community pharmacists' knowledge of opioid-containing medications and their attitude toward opioid use problems. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered, structured questionnaire distributed to 105 community pharmacists from July 1-30, 2023 in Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia. The tool included demographic information and questions designed to assess participants' knowledge and attitudes. Out of the 105 pharmacists included in this study, majority were males (54.3%), nearly half held a bachelor's degree (49.5%), and slightly above one-third had over a decade experience (39%). Regarding knowledge and attitude towards opioids, 62 individuals (59%) exhibited good knowledge, and 64 (61%) demonstrated less stigma toward opioid usage. Factors affecting knowledge include: education level (AOR (95% CI): 8.43 (1.76-40.35) and 9.93 (1.04-85.33) for bachelors and postgraduates respectively and age 1.45 (1.20-1.77)]. Meanwhile, experience [AOR (95% CI): 4.64(1.20-17.90) and 4.29 (1.23-15.05)] for 5-9 years and ≥10 years respectively and education level [AOR (95% CI): 4.08 (1.40-11.93) for bachelors and 6.40 (1.42-28.96)] for postgraduates were linked to attitude. A gap in knowledge and more stigmatizing behavior was observed among community pharmacists. These findings imply the importance of tailored educational interventions to address knowledge gaps and promote positive attitudes toward opioid usage among community pharmacists. Therefore, it is imperative to deliver up-to-date information on opioids, emphasizing their high addiction potential, to ensure pharmacists are well-equipped with the latest information.