Sufficient Equipment Research Articles

THE MILITARY HISTORY OF THE SELJUQ EMPIRE UNDER THE REIGN OF ALP ARSLAN (1063-1072): A LITERATURE REVIEW

This study is anchored on Schloemers assertion that the Battle of Manzikert in 1071 was a monumental conflict between the Islamic forces led by Alp Arslan and the Byzantine army under Emperor Romanus IV. Alp Arslans tactical brilliance in exploiting the enemys strategies led to the defeat of the Byzantine forces, despite their numerical superiority and sufficient equipment. Consequently, Alp Arslans strategies and cunning, along with the effectiveness of the Islamic forces, became the primary factors behind the Seljuq Empires victory. Based on this premise, this study aimed to conduct a literature review on the military history of the Seljuq Empire during Alp Arslans reign, with a particular focus on his involvement in the Battle of Manzikert. This qualitative study employed historical research and content analysis for data collection and analysis purposes, particularly relying on credible sources. Findings reveal that the literature on this topic can be categorized into three main themes, namely the state of the Seljuq Empire in the 11th century, biography of Alp Arslan, and the Seljuq militarys involvement in the Battle of Manzikert in 1071. Discussions on these three themes facilitate further examination, particularly regarding the Seljuq militarys engagement during Alp Arslans era in the Battle of Manzikert.

An Evaluation of Factors Influencing Nurses’ Preparedness and Response to COVID-19 with Focus on Saudi Arabia: Literature Review

This study offers a comprehensive analysis of the preparedness and response of nurses towards the COVID-19 pandemic across selected Arabic countries, namely the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Palestine, Yemen, and Saudi Arabia. The research elucidates the understanding, preparedness, and strategies adopted by healthcare workers in these countries, identifying significant gaps in resources, training, and psychological support. Data were derived from various cross-sectional studies and validated online questionnaires, allowing for a broad comparison of factors affecting preparedness and response across different healthcare systems. The findings demonstrate varying levels of understanding and preparedness among healthcare workers, with gaps in resources and mental health support being prevalent issues. The study also highlights the role of knowledge delivery and sufficient personal protective equipment in bolstering effective response efforts. Based on the findings, the study recommends continuous education and training initiatives for nurses, improving information dissemination channels, ensuring equitable resource allocation, enhancing psychological support, implementing comprehensive emergency preparedness plans, increasing investment in healthcare infrastructure, and promoting further research. This research underscores the necessity for swift, collaborative global action, enhanced strategies, and interventions to ensure the well-being of nurses and healthcare professionals during such crises. It provides insight into current response efforts, facilitates understanding of their effectiveness, and fosters informed decision-making for future health emergencies. The recommendations offered are integral to enhancing the resilience and readiness of healthcare systems for future health crises.

Evaluating the Teaching of Physical Science Practical Work at a Selected Resource-Constrained Secondary School in Rundu Circuit, Kavango East Region

This study evaluated the teaching of Physical Science practical work at a resource-constrained secondary school in the Rundu Circuit, Kavango East region in Namibia. The research objectives were to assess the impact of practical work on learners’ academic performance in a resource-constrained community, identify the challenges faced by both teachers and learners in conducting practical activities, and propose strategies to address these challenges and improve the overall quality of science education. A qualitative research design was employed, with data collected through semi-structured interviews involving four Physical Science teachers. The interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis, with themes aligned to the research objectives. The findings revealed that the state of science practical work was poor due to a lack of sufficient laboratory equipment and resources. Other significant challenges identified included limited laboratory space, inadequate time allocation, overcrowded classrooms, a lack of motivation among learners, and insufficient background knowledge on practical work for learners. These challenges collectively impeded effective teaching and learning of science practical work. To overcome these issues, the study recommended providing adequate laboratory materials and constructing an additional laboratory to alleviate overcrowding. The study also further recommended the employment of laboratory technicians to assist teachers in organizing, planning and conducting practical activities more efficiently. Furthermore, the study suggested forming partnerships between schools to share laboratory facilities, as per Key Area 7 of the National Standard and Performance Indicators for Schools in Namibia, which emphasizes the importance of collaborative linkages within educational communities. By implementing these strategies, it was concluded that the quality of Physical Science practical work in resource-constrained schools could be significantly enhanced, leading to improved learner outcomes.

Perception and preparedness of physicians in public-sector hospitals of LMICs during the COVID-19 pandemic: a phenomenology-based qualitative study

Background: Amid such a global chaotic scenario generated by the COVID-19 pandemic, physicians hold a significant frontline position in the health care system. The current study was designed to explore the perception and preparedness of physicians toward the COVID-19 pandemic and their patient assessment and management aspects. Methods: A total of 11 physicians were purposively interviewed. All the interviews were audio-taped, transcribed verbatim, and subjected to thematic content analysis. Results: Thematic content analysis yielded six major themes: familiarity with COVID-19, perceptions and attitudes toward COVID-19, preparedness for safety against COVID-19, case assessment, barriers to lifestyle, and psychological perspectives. Even in resource-limited settings with the scarcity of sufficient protective equipment and first-line medicines, the physicians provided patient care. They demonstrated intact self-esteem and better understanding and preparedness for COVID-19. Conclusions: The findings demand timely and adequate provision of personal protection equipment, availability of first-line medicines, as well as development and implementation of occupational health surveillance measures that ensure mental health well-being.

Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Health of Nursing Staff: Qualitative Research

Purpose: To explore the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the physical, psychological, social, and spiritual health of the members of the nursing team and to identify the coping measures adopted by them. Methods: This is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach. The study involved 42 Brazilian nursing professionals. Data were collected between June and July 2022 and analyzed using the qualitative content analysis method. Results: Three themes emerged: (I) Effects of the pandemic on the health of nursing professionals, (II) Major difficulties faced by nursing professionals during the pandemic, and (III) Protection measures adopted by nursing professionals during the pandemic. Also, eleven sub-themes were identified. Nursing professionals participating in this study reported that the COVID-19 pandemic affected their physical, psychological/mental, social, and spiritual health. Lack of material and human resources, increased demand and professional devaluation, social distancing, facing death, and lack of information and social commitment were cited as the main problems faced by the participants. Nursing professionals resorted to different measures to protect their health. Conclusion: The health of nursing staff was enormously impacted during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was determined that nursing professionals and health institutions need to be better prepared to face crises. Continuing education should be developed to better train nursing staff for future outbreaks. Health administrators have key roles in protecting the physical and psychosocial health of healthcare workers by providing sufficient and quality protective personal equipment, training in occupational health, and developing psychosocial support programs.

Service Delivery of Hemodialysis Centers among Public Hospitals in Region III: An Evaluation

The affordability and accessibility of hemodialysis treatment in public hospitals have increased unlike decades before. While there is significant progress, constraining factors and problems exist in hemodialysis service delivery hindering this progress and health outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the level and identify the problems of service delivery of hemodialysis centres to create evidence-based proposed measures and recommendations. The study used a descriptive quantitative research design wherein data was collected by surveying 93 hemodialysis staff in three tertiary hospitals using a Likert scale survey and multiple-choice questionnaire. The study determined that overall level of service delivery has a very satisfactory rating of 3.71. Therefore, the hospitals have sufficient knowledgeable staff, necessary materials and equipment that can deliver quality care and service to an increasing volume of patients while ensuring the patient’s satisfaction; however, the hospitals can further improve the availability, the quality, and the maintenance of the materials and equipment. Moreover, respondents identified these seven service delivery indicators to be the common service delivery problems they encountered. These findings indicate the need for better resource allocation and interagency collaboration to further assess the identified problems, undertake possible interventions, and strengthen local and public healthcare system policymaking.

Analysis of Service Satisfaction Level at Batam Center International Port in Batam City Using the Fuzzy Mamdani Method

A port is defined as a facility and system where a port is a work environment consisting of a land and water area equipped with berthing and mooring facilities for ships, a place for loading and unloading, and boarding and disembarking passengers from one mode of sea transportation to another mode of transportation. In carrying out activities at the port, apart from providing sufficient facilities and equipment, quality services cannot be neglected. This research aims to analyze and determine how much influence the level of service provided has on the satisfaction response of ship passengers at the Batam Center International Port, Batam City. To carry out this research, the study used a literature review, observation, and distribution of questionnaires using a Likert scale and the Fuzzy Mamdani method. However, several challenges were encountered during the study. First, there was a difficulty in obtaining a representative sample of passengers due to the variability in passenger traffic and schedules. Second, the subjective nature of satisfaction measurement posed challenges in ensuring the accuracy and consistency of responses. Third, integrating the qualitative data from the Likert scale with the quantitative Fuzzy Mamdani method required careful handling to avoid misinterpretation The expected results from this research are the levels of satisfaction ship passengers feel regarding the dimensions of tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. This will help determine whether passengers perceive themselves as satisfied or dissatisfied. Based on the analysis and discussion carried out with 50 respondents using the Likert scale method, the respondents stated that they were quite satisfied. This indicates that the Batam Center International Port, Batam City, is quite successful in providing satisfactory services to passengers. From the dimensions of reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and tangibles, overall consumers feel quite satisfied, with an average satisfaction percentage of 71% (35.5 out of 50 respondents). Similarly, the results obtained from the Fuzzy Logic Mamdani method show an output value for consumer satisfaction of 150 (within a range of 50–250), indicating that the level of consumer satisfaction with the services provided by the Batam Center International Port, Batam City, is quite satisfactory

Quality of work life and associated factors among health professionals working at private and government health institutions in Awi zone, Amhara regional state, Ethiopia, 2022: a comparative cross-sectional study.

Quality of work-life issues significantly impact the economic, physical, and psychological well-being of health professionals and their families. Enhancing QWL aims to foster a conducive environment and improve work performance. This study evaluated the quality of work life of health professionals in government and private health institutions in the Awi zone, Ethiopia. A comparative cross-sectional approach was employed, with study participants selected via the lottery method in 2022. Socio-demographic and organizational-related data were collected, coded, cleaned, and entered into Epi-Data version 3.1, then analyzed using SPSS version 27. Candidate variables were selected using bivariable logistic regression (p < 0.20). We used multivariable logistic regression to identify factors associated with quality of work life, presenting AOR with a 95% CI at a 5% significance level. The study included 385 private health professionals and 395 government health professionals, with response rates of 90.38 and 92.72%, respectively. Overall quality of work-life satisfaction was 53.08% (95% CI: 49.2-57.0), with private health institution workers reporting satisfaction at 42.3% (95% CI: 37.4-47.30) and government health professionals at 63.54% (95% CI: 58.78-68.31). The difference between the two groups was 21.2% (95% CI: 14.3, 27.9). Factors significantly associated with quality of work life included type of health institutions (AOR = 2.272; 1.684, 3.065), family size (AOR = 1.536; 1.122, 2.103), personnel protective equipment (AOR = 1.369; 1.006, 1.863), eye protection (AOR = 2.090; 1.514, 2.885), engineering control (AOR = 1.563; 1.140, 2.143), and accessibility of alcohol (AOR = 1.714; 1.219, 2.410). Health professionals in private health institutions exhibited lower quality of work-life satisfaction than government health institutions. Quality of work life was significantly associated with the type of health institutions, family size, availability of personal protective equipment, eye protection, engineering control, and accessibility of alcohol. Regular monitoring and evaluation of the quality of work life, ensuring the availability of appropriate personal protective equipment, and providing sufficient materials and equipment for both groups were recommended based on the findings.

Survey of VA Laboratory Practices for Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Background: Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) are drug-resistant pathogens causing high mortality rates with limited treatment options. Understanding the incidence of these organisms and laboratory knowledge of testing protocols is important for controlling their spread in healthcare settings. This project assessed how often Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare facilities identify CRAB and CRPA and testing practices used. Method: An electronic survey was distributed to 126 VA acute care facilities September-October 2023. The survey focused on CRAB and CRPA incidence, testing and identification, and availability of testing resources. Responses were analyzed by complexity of patients treated at VA facilities (High, Medium, Low) using Fisher’s exact tests. Result: 77 (61.1%) facilities responded, most in urban settings (85.4%). Most respondents were lead or supervisory laboratory technologists (84.2%) from high complexity facilities (69.0%). Few facilities detected CRAB ≥ once/month (4.4%), with most reporting that they have not seen CRAB at their facility (55.0%). CRPA was detected more frequently: 19% of facilities with isolates ≥ once/month, 29.2% a few times per year, and 26.9% reporting had not seen the organism. No differences in CRAB or CRPA incidence was found by facility complexity. Nearly all facilities, regardless of complexity, utilize the recommended methods of MIC or disk diffusion to identify CRAB or CRPA (91.9%) with remaining facilities reporting that testing is done off-site (7.8%). More high complexity facilities perform on-site testing compared to low complexity facilities (32.0% vs 2.7%, p=0.04). 83% of laboratories test for Carbapenemase production, with one-fourth using off-site reference labs. One-fourth of facilities perform additional antibiotic susceptibility testing for CRAB and CRPA isolates, most of which test for susceptibility to combination antibiotics; no differences between complexities were found. Agreement that sufficient laboratory and equipment resources were available was higher in high complexity than in medium complexity facilities (70.7% vs 33.3%, p=0.01), but not low complexity facilities (43.8%). Conclusion: Having timely and accurate testing protocols for CRAB and CRPA are important to quickly control spread and reduce associated mortality. This study shows that most VA protocols follow recommended testing and identification guidelines. Interestingly, there was no difference in CRAB or CRPA incidence for facilities providing higher vs lower complexity of care. While high and low complexity facilities generally reported sufficient resources for CRAB and CRPA evaluation, some medium-complexity labs, who may feel more compelled than low-complexity labs to bring testing in house, reported that additional resources would be required.

Challenges, barriers and solutions for implementing clinical practice guidelines: a qualitative study in southern Iran

BackgroundIdentifying the challenges of implementing clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) can provide valuable information for decision-makers and health policymakers at the national and local levels. The implementation of CPGs requires the...

“That was one of my most difficult and biggest challenges”: experiences, preconditions and preventive measures of health-oriented leadership in virtual teams – A qualitative study with virtual leaders

BackgroundHealth-oriented leadership (HoL) has a positive impact on health- and work-related outcomes of employees in face-to-face settings. Increased digitization during the COVID-19 pandemic has led to many changes and increased job demands. According to current state of research, HoL in virtual teamwork is insufficiently researched. The aim of the study is to examine the experiences of virtual leaders during the COVID-19 pandemic and to identify preconditions and preventive measures for promoting HoL.MethodUsing a qualitative study design, semi-structured, guide-based telephone interviews were conducted with 16 German virtual leaders between May and July 2021. The collected data were inductively analyzed and interpreted using qualitative content analysis according to Mayring. Explorative analyses of differences between leaders with and without pre-pandemic experiences with virtual leadership were made.ResultsResults indicated that leaders, regardless of pre-pandemic experiences with virtual leadership, faced diverse challenges in implementing HoL in virtual teamwork during the COVID-19 pandemic. Virtual leaders perceived personal preconditions (e.g., leaders’ characteristics or behaviors), organizational preconditions (support by management or open-minded corporate culture), social preconditions (e.g., social support by team) and technical preconditions (e.g., sufficient technical equipment) as conducive to implementation of HoL. Almost all leaders with pre-pandemic experience identified a need for structural preventive measures, whereas almost all leaders without pre-pandemic experience reported a need for behavioral preventive measures in order to promote HoL in virtual teams.ConclusionsThis study suggests that implementing HoL in virtual teamwork is challenging, complex and requires adjustments in leadership behavior. Thereby, the study provides initial empirical findings for a holistic approach to HoL implementation in virtual teams, considering beneficial multilevel preconditions. Due to a limited generalization of present results, longitudinal and interventional studies will be necessary for the analysis of causal relationships in future research. In particular, a holistic research perspective in order to understand the complex, contextual interdependencies of leadership is recommended. In practice, based on a differentiated needs analysis, structural preventive measures for a holistic organizational development as well as behavioral preventive measures for ongoing personnel development are recommended.

THE USE OF INFORMATION COMMUNICATION AND TECHNOLOGY (ICT) IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNING: A CASE STUDY AT ONE PUBLIC UNIVERSITY IN JAMBI

This research is aimed to describe students’ perception toward the use of Information Communication and Technology (ICT) in language learning. The objective of the study is to know students’ perception toward the use of ICT in language learning and to know the problem that they encountered during the use of ICT. The design of this research was survey method. The subject of this research was sixth semester students’ of English department Jambi University. A questionnaire was main instrument to gather the data. The questionnaire consists of items regarding the educational resources of respondents, their reasons for using ICT, the use of ICT in learning process and the problems that they encountered. The result of the study showed that ICT is useful for students. Using ICT can help students easier in accessing information they need which can bring positive effect for students, but this should supported by sufficient ICT equipment and ability to determine information which they search for in order to give better performance since the number one problem faced by students come from two numbers which are, few staff using ICT and information from ICT always change. It is recommended for lecturer to involve ICT services during the teaching and learning process more often and giving guidance to students to determine the appropriate material for their needs. Keyword: Information communication and technology, English language learning

Multi-View Synthesis of Sparse Projection of Absorption Spectra Based on Joint GRU and U-Net

Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) technology, combined with chromatographic imaging algorithms, is commonly used for two-dimensional temperature and concentration measurements in combustion fields. However, obtaining critical temperature information from limited detection data is a challenging task in practical engineering applications due to the difficulty of deploying sufficient detection equipment and the lack of sufficient data to invert temperature and other distributions in the combustion field. Therefore, we propose a sparse projection multi-view synthesis model based on U-Net that incorporates the sequence learning properties of gated recurrent unit (GRU) and the generalization ability of residual networks, called GMResUNet. The datasets used for training all contain projection data with different degrees of sparsity. This study shows that the synthesized full projection data had an average relative error of 0.35%, a PSNR of 40.726, and a SSIM of 0.997 at a projection angle of 4. At projection angles of 2, 8, and 16, the average relative errors of the synthesized full projection data were 0.96%, 0.19%, and 0.18%, respectively. The temperature field reconstruction was performed separately for sparse and synthetic projections, showing that the application of the model can significantly improve the reconstruction accuracy of the temperature field of high-energy combustion.

Integration of figital sports from the student community point of view

Fijital sport is a new word in the development of physical culture, fijital is on the border between cybersports and traditional sports. This type of sport has been developing lightning fast in the last few years, large nationwide events have already been held, where hundreds of thousands of people watch athletes in the new field. The development of fijtal-sports in the country's universities, its timely integration helps motivate students to engage in physical education, especially cyber athletes, whose activities are closely associated with hypodynamia. In order to address the issue of integrating fijital sport into the framework of the educational program, it is necessary to have feedback from the representatives of the student community, for this purpose in this paper it was decided to conduct a survey among students to determine the student point of view on fijital sport. The key points of integration of this sport into practice students consider: 1) sufficient modern equipment, which unmistakably provides an opportunity for athletes to train to perform at any events - 96% of students, consider this a primary issue, 2) 84% of students supported the idea of a systematic unified approach to integration, 3) 78% were in favor of the need for regular classes, trainings, 4) in achieving the goal the most important point, according to 72% of students, is the active position of the student community. Thus, the program of integration of fijital-sport will be built on a number of key aspects highlighted by students - future sportsmen.

Enhancing Air Quality Monitoring Through Spatial Classification in Central Zone of Peninsular Malaysia Using Artifical Neural Network as Prediction Tools

Ambient air monitoring plays a crucial role in the effective implementation of air quality management systems. This practice entails systematically and over a long period assessing and quantifying specific pollutants in the outdoor environment. However, the high cost of acquiring sufficient equipment for comprehensive air monitoring poses a challenge. Thus, this study proposes that spatial classification could be a viable approach to reducing monitoring stations while still obtaining adequate air monitoring data. The objective of this study was to examine the predictive performance of artificial neural networks (ANNs) in spatial classification to support air quality monitoring. By implementing ANN in this study, the MLP-FF-ANN model successfully distinguished air quality samples in the HPC, MPC, and LPC regions. Particularly notable were the positive outcomes achieved with a configuration of ten hidden nodes, resulting in an R2 value of 0.7982, as well as the lowest RMSE (0.3799) and MR (0.1950). Additionally, the MLP-FF-ANN model demonstrated commendable performance, achieving an average correct classification rate of 76.38%. These findings suggest that air quality monitoring based on clustered data can effectively maintain data quality.

Impact of a Harmonious Sports Environment on Learning Interest

The study delves into the impact of sports equipment and facilities on students' learning interests within educational environments, with a particular focus on the positive influence observed among physical education (P.E) students. Through a qualitative approach employing the library method, the research explores this influence by dissecting existing literature on related topics, including cooperative learning efficiency in physical education and the motivational dynamics of student-athletes. The findings underscore the vital role played by a harmonious sports environment, marked by sufficient sports equipment and facilities, in fostering physical education, personality development, and lifelong engagement in sports activities. Notably, students with access to such facilities exhibit heightened participation in physical activities, correlating with improved academic performance and enhanced psychological well-being. The study highlights the pivotal role of a supportive sports environment in shaping students' learning interests, boosting academic achievements, and promoting psychological wellness within educational settings. It stresses the necessity of ensuring adequate sports equipment and facilities, coupled with the cultivation of a positive sports culture, to effectively nurture physical education, foster personal growth, and encourage sustained participation in sports activities. Furthermore, the research acknowledges and addresses socioeconomic disparities in sports participation, shedding light on the escalating income inequalities over time, especially among specific demographic groups such as women, middle and high school students, and adults. Moreover, it underscores the potential of group sport participation to mitigate such disparities compared to individual sports, suggesting avenues for fostering more inclusive sporting environments.

Using Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA) of SARS-CoV-2 to understand possible exposure to health risks in selected wastewater treatment plants located in the Eastern region of South Africa

In the past two years, Covid-19 has emerged as the most severe and pressing public health issue, causing a great deal of damage to societal and economic welfare, as well as causing illness and mortality. The operators in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), particularly those employed in rural communities, appear to often exhibit a lack of adherence to proper safety protocols by not utilizing sufficient protective equipment while handling unprocessed sewage samples throughout the different phases of wastewater treatment and disposal. This study aimed at examining the potential health risk of infection among WWTP operators, as a result of unintentional ingestion of wastewater during routine duties in facilities that receive influent containing Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) from various areas. This study examined the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in grab samples of untreated wastewater samples using the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) technique and quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) model was employed on three probable exposure of SARS-CoV-2 scenarios that are expressed as moderate, aggressive and extreme (2 mL, 10 mL, 20 mL) to evaluate the probability of infection to WWTP workers based on the 6 h that the workers spent in WWTPs performing their daily activities which exposed them to potential health risk of various pathogens. At the highest SARS-CoV-2 genome of 266.23 × 102 gc/mL, the findings indicated that there was no statistically significant difference in the probability of infections with respect to seasonal differences because the P(i) value was greater than 0.05 (p > 0.05). Overall, P(i) was highly significant across all volumetric scenarios in the study with p value that was p < 0.001. The probability of getting infected during the different seasons is assumed to be low since there was no statistically difference in P(i) with respect to season however it can be assumed that there is a high chance of getting infected regardless of volumetric intake. Our study suggests that the risk of accidental occupational exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in raw wastewater is negligible to workers whereby workers would perform their daily activities without wearing protective gear. Nevertheless, the importance and work of WWTPs by workers should not be overlooked. Regardless of the situation, it is widely recognized that residential wastewater poses a potential risk of infection due to the presence of several enteric pathogens, therefore, it is crucial to ensure that those who are occupationally exposed to untreated wastewater are well equipped with suitable personal protective equipment (PPE).

Bond Incident Degree (BID) Indices of Line Graphs of some Chemical Structures in Drugs

A tremendous amount of drug experiments revealed that there exists a strong inherent relation between the molecular structures of drugs and their biomedical and pharmacology characteristics. Due to the effectiveness for pharmaceutical and medical scientists of their ability to grasp the biological and chemical characteristics of new drugs, analysis of the bond incident degree (BID) indices is significant of testing the chemical and pharmacological characteristics of drug molecular structures that can make up the defects of chemical and medicine experiments and can provide the theoretical basis for the manufacturing of drugs in pharmaceutical engineering. Such tricks are widely welcomed in developing areas where enough money is lacked to afford sufficient equipment, relevant chemical reagents, and human resources which are required to investigate the performance and the side effects of existing new drugs. This work is devoted to establishing a general expression for calculating the bond incident degree (BID) indices of the line graphs of various well-known chemical structures in drugs, based on the drug molecular structure analysis and edge dividing technique, which is quite common in drug molecular graphs.

Vorbereitung deutscher Notaufnahmen auf Notfälle mit chemischen, biologischen, radiologischen und nuklearen (CBRN) Gefahrstoffen

Abstract Background Post-pandemic considerations, as well as lessons learned from terrorist attacks, wars, and disasters worldwide demonstrate that emergency departments must be prepared for mass casualty events related to chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) hazardous materials. Our aim was to evaluate whether German emergency departments are sufficiently prepared for such events. Methods We developed a survey and distributed it to all chairpersons of emergency departments in Germany via the German Emergency Department Directory. Results of the survey were described using total numbers and percentages. Capacity for decontamination at different sites was graphically displayed using box-and-whisker plots. The primary endpoint of this study was whether German emergency departments are sufficiently prepared for CBRN incidents. Results Of 963 emergency departments, 262 (27.21%) answered the survey: 80.43% (189/235) of the hospitals had a plan for biological incidents, 49.36% (116/235) for chemical incidents, and 34.47% (81/235) for radionuclear incidents. Furthermore, 50% (116/232) reported some kind of decontamination site, but only 31.42% (71/226) reported having a water supply to their decontamination area. Sufficient protective equipment was only available in 27.51% (63/229) of emergency departments. Only 12.02% (25/208) of hospitals were able to decontaminate supine patients properly, following a decontamination scheme. Conclusion Most German hospitals are not adequately prepared to handle casualties resulting from chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear hazardous materials. Given these results, there is a need for systemic intervention at the national level in order to improve preparedness.

Development and validation of the resident safety activity questionnaire for long-term care facility staff

This study developed and tested a questionnaire to evaluate the safety activities supporting older adult residents’ quality of care among long-term care facility staff. The process included item construction, expert review and pilot testing, testing of reliability and validation with 268 staff from 12 targeted facilities in South Korea. The final questionnaire yielded 28 items across six domains: proactive activities for emergency situations, comfort management, prevention of infections, staff training and communication, sufficient goods and equipment, and adequate personnel. These factors explained 73.48 % of the total variance. The fit indices in the confirmatory factor analysis were acceptable, and the total Cronbach's ⍺ was 0.952 (sub-domains: 0.823 – .895), indicating high reliability. The findings suggest the reliability and validity of the newly-developed Resident Safety Activity Questionnaire, enabling an accurate evaluation of the safety of long-term care facility residents and serving as an indicator for improving care quality in such establishments.