THE MILITARY HISTORY OF THE SELJUQ EMPIRE UNDER THE REIGN OF ALP ARSLAN (1063-1072): A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

This study is anchored on Schloemers assertion that the Battle of Manzikert in 1071 was a monumental conflict between the Islamic forces led by Alp Arslan and the Byzantine army under Emperor Romanus IV. Alp Arslans tactical brilliance in exploiting the enemys strategies led to the defeat of the Byzantine forces, despite their numerical superiority and sufficient equipment. Consequently, Alp Arslans strategies and cunning, along with the effectiveness of the Islamic forces, became the primary factors behind the Seljuq Empires victory. Based on this premise, this study aimed to conduct a literature review on the military history of the Seljuq Empire during Alp Arslans reign, with a particular focus on his involvement in the Battle of Manzikert. This qualitative study employed historical research and content analysis for data collection and analysis purposes, particularly relying on credible sources. Findings reveal that the literature on this topic can be categorized into three main themes, namely the state of the Seljuq Empire in the 11th century, biography of Alp Arslan, and the Seljuq militarys involvement in the Battle of Manzikert in 1071. Discussions on these three themes facilitate further examination, particularly regarding the Seljuq militarys engagement during Alp Arslans era in the Battle of Manzikert.