Suction System Research Articles

Optimizing Outcomes in Flexible Ureteroscopy: A Narrative Review of Suction Techniques.

The aim of this review is to summarize the existing suction systems in flexible ureteroscopy (fURS) and to evaluate their effectiveness and safety. A narrative review was performed using the Pubmed and Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) databases. Additionally, we conducted a search on the Twitter platform. Studies including suctions systems in fURS were included. Editorials, letters and studies reporting intervention with semirigid ureteroscopy, PCNL and mPCNL were excluded. A total of 12 studies were included in this review. These studies comprised one in vitro study, one ex vivo study, one experimental study and eight cohort studies. The Pubmed and WoSCC searches identified three suction techniques (Irrigation/Suctioning system with control of pressure, suction ureteral access sheath (sUAS) and direct in scope suction (DISS)), and the Twitter search identified four of them. The overall results showed that suction is an effective and safe technique that improves stone-free rates, reduces operative time and limits complication rates after fURS. The use of suctioning during common endourological procedures has been shown to improve safety and efficacy in several indications. However, randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm this.

Bilayer Stiffness Identification of Soft Tissues by Suction

In vivo mechanical characterisation of biological soft tissue is challenging, even under moderate quasi-static loading. Clinical application of suction-based methods is hindered by usual assumptions of tissues homogeneity and/or time-consuming acquisitions/postprocessing Provide practical and unexpensive suction-based mechanical characterisation of soft tissues considered as bilayered structures. Inverse identification of the bilayers’ Young’s moduli should be performed in almost real-time. An original suction system is proposed based on volume measurements. Cyclic partial vacuum is applied under small deformation using suction cups of aperture diameters ranging from 4 to 30 mm. An inverse methodology provides both bilayer elastic stiffnesses, and optionally the upper layer thickness, based on the interpolation of an off-line finite element database. The setup is validated on silicone bilayer phantoms, then tested in vivo on the abdomen skin of one healthy volunteer. On bilayer silicone phantoms, Young’s moduli identified by suction or uniaxial tension presented a relative difference lower than 10 % (upper layer thickness of 3 mm). Preliminary tests on in vivo abdomen tissue provided skin and underlying adipose tissue Young’s Moduli at 54 kPa and 4.8 kPa respectively. Inverse identification process was performed in less than one minute. This approach is promising to evaluate elastic moduli in vivo at small strain of bilayered tissues.

Surgery assistance system for continuous resection of brain tumors-proposal of continuous tumor resection forceps, tumor cell separation, dehydration, and isolation mechanism

The tumor resection ratio must be improved due the increased possibility of recurrence or malignancy. The purpose of this study was to develop a system that includes forceps with a continuous suction function and flow cytometry to diagnose the malignancy of the tumor for safe, accurate, and effective surgery. A newly developed continuous tumor resection forceps consists of a triple pipe structure, which enables continuous suction of the tumor by integrating the reflux water and suction system. The forceps includes tip opening/closure detection switch to control the adsorption and suction strength when tip is opened and closed. To perform accurate tumor diagnosis using flow cytometry, a filtering mechanism was developed for dehydrating reflux water from continuous suction forceps. In addition, a cell isolation mechanism comprising a roller pump and shear force loading mechanism was also newly developed. By using a triple pipe structure, a significantly larger tumor collection ratio was observed compared to the previous double-pipe structure. By performing suction pressure control with the opening/closure detection switch, inaccurate suction can be prevented. By widening the filter area of dehydration mechanism, it was possible to improve the reflux water dehydration ratio. The most appropriate filter area was 85 mm2. By using a newly developed cell isolation mechanism, the processing time can be reduced to less than 1/10 of the original time, keeping the same cell isolation ratio, when compared to the existing pipetting method. Neurosurgery assistance system with continuous tumor resection forceps and a cell separation, dehydration and isolation mechanism was developed. An effective and safe tumor resection, accurate and fast diagnosis of malignancy can be achieved by using the current system.

Closed Endotracheal Suction Systems for COVID-19: Rapid Review.

The increase in admissions to intensive care units (ICUs) in 2020 and the morbidity and mortality associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection pose a challenge to the analysis of evidence of health interventions carried out in ICUs. One of the most common interventions in patients infected with the virus and admitted to ICUs is endotracheal aspiration. Endotracheal suctioning has also been considered one of the most contaminating interventions. This review aims to analyze the benefits and risks of endotracheal suctioning using closed suction systems (CSS) in COVID-19 patients. A rapid review was carried out using the following databases: PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, LILACS, the Cochrane Library, and IBECS. The data search included articles in English and Spanish, published between 2010 and 2020, concerning adult patients, and using the key words "endotracheal," "suction," and "closed system." A total of 15 articles were included. The benefits and risks were divided into 3 categories: patient, care, and organization. Relating to the patient, we found differences in cardiorespiratory variables and changes in the ventilator, for example, improvement in patients with elevated positive and end-expiratory pressure due to maladaptation and alveolar collapse. Relating to care, we found a shorter suctioning time, by up to 1 minute. Relating to organization, we found fewer microorganisms on staff gloves. Other conflicting results between studies were related to ventilator-associated pneumonia, bacterial colonization, or mortality. Aside from the need for quality research comparing open suction systems and CSS as used to treat COVID-19 patients, closed endotracheal suctioning has benefits in terms of shorter stay in the ICU and reduced environmental contamination, preventing ventilator disconnection from the patient, reducing the suctioning time-though it does produce the greatest number of mucosal occlusions-and preventing interpatient and patient-staff environmental contamination. New evidence in the context of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is required in order to compare results and establish new guidelines.

Design and quantitative evaluation of 'Aerosol Bio-Containment Device (ABCD)' for reducing aerosol exposure during infectious aerosol-generating events.

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic renewed interest in infectious aerosols and reducing risk of airborne respiratory pathogen transmission, prompting development of devices to protect healthcare workers during airway procedures. However, there are no standard methods for assessing the efficacy of particle containment with these protective devices. We designed and built an aerosol bio-containment device (ABCD) to contain and remove aerosol via an external suction system and tested the aerosol containment of the device in an environmental chamber using a novel, quantitative assessment method. The ABCD exhibited a strong ability to control aerosol exposure in experimental and computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulated scenarios with appropriate suction use and maintenance of device seals. Using a log-risk-reduction framework, we assessed device containment efficacy and showed that, when combined with other protective equipment, the ABCD can significantly reduce airborne clinical exposure. We propose this type of quantitative analysis serves as a basis for rating efficacy of aerosol protective enclosures.

Comparative study between standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy and modified percutaneous nephrolithotomy: Using the shah sheath with suction system

Comparative study between standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy and modified percutaneous nephrolithotomy: Using the shah sheath with suction system

Anesthesia in Low-Resourced Settings. Near Misses and Lessons Learned

Physician training requires the highest intelligence quotient of all professions to assimilate the vast amounts of complex knowledge required. The most critical decision-making medical specialty is anesthesiology, which requires much art of practicing medicine. That art is acquired via experience from years of medical practice.Clinical experience can also be gleaned from studying these 90 case reports in Brock-Utne’s book, Anesthesia in Low-Resourced Settings. These cases are from third-world countries, but any of these situations could also occur in American Ivy League University hospitals.Limited hospital night staff can be overwhelmed by a sudden influx of gunshot trauma cases and force one to care for emergency patients outside one’s regular working expertise. Another time one could be working remote from the hospital’s fully equipped main operating room complex in a small-case specialty single operating room. Then a crisis arises needing additional drugs and devices taking 20 min to be transported to that remote venue. Innovative temporary medical measures will be required. Power failures can occur without backup electricity. Suction systems can fail. Gas delivery can fail. An anesthesia machine can fail. A device may develop a problem not foreseen by its designers. Low-resourced settings can occur in a flash moment anywhere in the world, even in rich countries.This book’s cases challenge anesthesiologists’ training, intellect, and resourcefulness. This book is rich in wisdom. Before doing “mission medical work,” all anesthesiologists should read this book. There is a summarizing list of pearls of wisdom in the book. Reading that list may save one patient’s life in your career. I read the book in 2 days. Reading this book should be mandatory for anesthesia trainees nearing graduation. Anesthesiologists at any career point will read lessons echoing some anesthesia mishap they have experienced and wish they had read this book earlier in their careers.The deficient resources can be:This is the most valuable case in the book.A 29-yr-old woman fell off a moving train. When she arrived at a midsize Somali hospital, she was hypotensive, in pain, and tachycardic. She had fractures of the T10 vertebra, right humerus, the pelvis, and five right-side ribs with a right-side hemopneumothorax. A large-bore right subclavian multi-lumen access cordis venous cannula and an intercostal chest drain were immediately inserted. The pleural cavity drained 1,500 ml of blood. Additional peripheral venous access catheters were inserted.The anesthesiologist administered 4 units of blood. The blood pressure improved, but the centralized venous pressure measured via the subclavian cannula stayed at zero. Intercostal blood continued to drain and worried the thoracic surgeon, who urgently wanted to operate to stop the bleeding. The international normalized ratio (INR) test for clotting, of a sample withdrawn for the right-subclavian vein cannula, measured 2.3 (N = less than 1.1 when not on warfarin).The anesthesiologist worried about the darkness of the ongoing draining chest blood and the inexplicable high INR test result. The thoracotomy found no active bleeding source. A repeat INR test sample drawn from the femoral vein revealed a normal INR test of 1.1. The right subclavian cannula was intrapleural, and the persistent draining dark blood was subclavian catheter transfused blood. The first INR test had been done on the trauma intrapleural blood.A patient underwent general anesthesia with intubation using a wire-reinforced flexible endotracheal tube. On awakening, the patient bit firmly on the tube and occluded it, bending the reinforcing wire. After the biting relaxed, the tube was still entirely blocked from the crimping of the reinforcing wire. The patient’s chest started to heave as he struggled to breathe past the sustained endotracheal tube obstruction.Fully deflate the endotracheal tube cuff. That frees up about 40% of the cross-sectional area of the trachea for the patient to breathe past the outside of the endotracheal tube.Soon this patient woke up and was safely extubated. The problem is preventable by initially placing a bite-block or a Guedel airway in the mouth beside the endotracheal tube.After reading this book, many will recall many forgotten pearls of wisdom. Dr. Brock-Utne is a rare and superbly trained physician anesthesiologist who has worked extensively in third-world circumstances. He is an Emeritus full clinical professor from Stanford University in California. He is the epitome of a clinically expert scientist. His book is recommended to read.

Biological efficiency ofPseudomonas fluorescensstrains against pathogens of Brassicaceae black rot under controlled conditions

The bacteriumXanthomonas campestrispv.campestriscauses black rot of cruciferous plants, the most harmful bacterial disease of a wide range of cole crops. Breeding for resistance to the pathogen is carried out considering the racial structure of the pathogen population discovered in 1992 and the race-specific resistance reaction in plants of the Brassicaceae family. The model describing the gene-to-gene relationship between the pathogen and plants does not consider biometric indicators associated with the pathogen’s effect on the suction, conducting, and photosynthetic systems of plants. In this paper, the effect of infestation of spring rape plants withXanthomonas campestrisraces 1 and 6 on biometric indicators of plants important for crop formation is studied. A significant positive effect of the use of a preparation based on antagonistic bacteriaPseudomonas fluorescens(Binoram preparation) on the growth and stability of spring rape has been shown.

Unsaturated modelling, testing and monitoring towards the rehabilitation of a slope on National Route 3, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

The stability of over-steep road embankments often worsens with time. In many cases the slope deterioration can be ascribed to continual downslope creep of a surficial layer of soil that has been affected by infiltration of rainfall. Such infiltration reduces the suction in the surficial layer interacting with the environment. With every season the surficial layer moves further downslope, often resulting in cracks in theslow lane and placing structures constructed at the crest of fill slopes in potential jeopardy. A slope on the National Route 3 (N3), in the South African Province of KwaZulu-Natal, constructed at roughly 40° from the horizontal showed signs of distress in the slow lane many years after construction. The rehabilitation of this slope required stabilisation design using unsaturated soil testing, modelling, and in-situ suction measurement. The slope was stabilised using soil nails, a high-tensile steel mesh, and a suction measurement system was installed. An overview of the emergency works design, subsequent investigation, and monitoring is provided in this paper. It was found that the suction profile determined by transient finiteelement analysis matched well with the measured suction profile and provided a good basis for the emergency design works prior to full investigation.

Increasing the operating efficiency of mining compressor installations on the basis of improving the cooling, lubrication and air suction system

Pneumatic or compressed air energy is widely used in the mining industry at the same level as electrical energy. In the technological processes of mining, compressed air, acting as an energy carrier, has a significant impact on the performance of mining machines and other pneumatic energy consumers. The operating efficiency of a compressor depends to a large extent on the operation of its cooling, lubrication and air intake systems, and improving their performance significantly reduces the cost of producing compressed air. The results of scientific research on improving the efficiency of operation of mine compressor installations based on the improvement of the cooling system, lubrication and air suction are presented.

Comparison Between the Effect of Open and Closed Tracheal Suction Systems on Physiological Parameters of Critically Ill Patients

Comparison Between the Effect of Open and Closed Tracheal Suction Systems on Physiological Parameters of Critically Ill Patients

ANALYSIS OF THE SUCTION SYSTEM EFFICIENCY FOR REDUCING THE LEVEL OF AIR POLLUTION IN WORKING AREAS

Problem statement. The task of efficiency assessment for suction system located near the highway and allows reducing chemical air pollution level in work areas is considered. This system changes the air flow aerodynamics and creates a dynamic barrier in the path of polluted air moving into the working areas. At the stage of designing systems for protecting air from pollution in working areas, it is necessary to have calculation methods that allow determining its efficiency for specific operating conditions. The purpose of the article. Development of mathematical models and software for conducting a computational experiment to determine the efficiency of using the suction system located near the highway. Methodology. An aerodynamic model of potential movement and the equation of impurities convective-diffusion transfer in the air are used for mathematical modeling of the pollutants spread of in work areas near the highway during using a suction protection system. The proposed mathematical model makes it possible to take into account wind velocity, turbulent diffusion, the intensity of impurities’ emission from cars, the operation mode of the suction system, the presence of screen on this system. Two finite-difference schemes are used to solve the aerodynamics problem, allowing determining the velocity potential by an explicit formula. The splitting method for the numerical integration of the impurities convective-diffusion transfer equation is used. A computer program for conducting a computational experiment based on the constructed numerical models is developed. Scientific novelty. Numerical models are developed for solving problems of aerodynamics and mass transfer in relation to the task of efficiency assessment of the special suction system using, which allows reducing the level of air pollution in work areas near the highway. Practical value. Based on the developed model, a code is created that allows the rapid calculation of the air pollution process, both near the highway and in the working areas where suction systems for protection is used. Conclusions. Created numerical models allow rapid assessment of using a special suction system installed near the highway. The models take into account the most significant physical factors affecting the pollution areas formation near the highway. Practical application of models does not require the use of powerful computers. The results of the computational experiment are presented.

Operation of the Suction System during the Production of a Mixture of Polypropylene and Polyethene Granulate from the Point of View of the Risk of Possible Fire and Explosion of Combustible Dust

Operation of the Suction System during the Production of a Mixture of Polypropylene and Polyethene Granulate from the Point of View of the Risk of Possible Fire and Explosion of Combustible Dust

Increasing the rate of capture of pollutants by local suction due to the use of an external swirling jet. Part 1. Research methods

To capture pollutants in many buildings and structures, it is necessary to use local suction systems. One of the criteria for the effectiveness of local suction ― the rate of capture of pollutants ― it is proposed to increase due to the impact of a swirling annular jet and the occurrence of a reverse air flow. The circular suction is placed coaxially in an external cylindrical casing, in which the air flow is twisted due to the tangential supply of two supply jets into the casing. A vortex dome is formed, which helps to increase the efficiency of such a vortex suction. The change in the axial velocity of air at a distance from the vortex suction was experimentally and numerically investigated for 11 structures, in each of which 4 different ratios of intake and supply air flow rates were set. In the investigated applications of the proposed suction systems, the speed increases significantly at a certain range of distance from them. A combination of designmode parameters that contribute to the highest rate of capture by vortex suction is determined. The results obtained are useful in designing effective suction systems for capturing pollutants.

Mathematical model of the separation flow near the suction channel embedded in the side surface of the cylinder with the open part of the base

An algorithm for calculating the circular slit suction developed using stationary discrete vortex rings without selfinduction is given. The change in the size of the vortex zone arising at the entrance to the suction channel depending on the distance to its axis of symmetry is investigated. The developed computer program and the results obtained can be useful for creating energy-efficient circular slot suction systems, including for dust collection when drilling flat surfaces. Ill. 6. Ref. 20.

The relationship between residual limb health, motion within the socket, and prosthetic suspension.

Residual limb health is critical for continued prosthesis use; however, many prosthesis users experience skin-related breakdown. The interface between the residual limb and the prosthetic socket sets the local mechanical environment and plays a role in skin stresses. Motion of the residual limb in the socket adds additional mechanical strain on the limb. This article explores the relationship between motion of the limb in the socket and residual limb health. We evaluated current methods for assessing residual limb health and motion of the residual limb in the socket and compared these evaluations across different prosthetic suspension systems. While few direct studies comparing residual limb health and motion exist, it has been shown that elevated vacuum suspension systems result in both improved residual limb health compared to passive suction and pin-lock systems and decreased motion compared to passive suction, pin-lock, knee sleeve, and anatomical suspension systems. While motion and health have not been directly linked, elevated vacuum suspension may demonstrate a relationship that reduced motion of the residual limb in the socket improves residual limb health. Further evaluation in this area is necessary to more completely and directly understand the relationship between residual limb motion and residual limb health.

Enhanced Adhesion of Synthetic Discs with Micro-Patterned Margins.

Many aquatic creatures in nature have non-cooperative surface scaling abilities using suction organs; micro-/nano-scale structures found in different parts of the organs play an important role in this mechanism. Synthetic bioinspired suction devices have been developed, but the mechanisms of bioinspired suction system need further investigation. This paper presents the development of a synthetic adhesive disc inspired by the hillstream loach. The microscopic structures involved in adhesion of the hillstream loach were investigated. Bioinspired suction discs were designed with single-level or hierarchical micropatterned margins. Micro three-dimensional (3D) printing and micro electromechanical system (MEMs) technology were utilized in the fabrication of the discs, and the adhesion performance was tested on substrates with different roughness values. The engaging and disengaging processes of the margin were simulated by carrying out a peeling test on a submerged substrate. The interactions between the liquid film and the microstructures were observed using fluorescence microscopy. The enhanced adhesion forces due to the synergy of the hierarchically micro-patterned margin and the disc cavity were duplicated in the synthetic adhesion system.

Proposing Inclined Multi-Hole Suction (IMHS) Systems for Sediment Removal in Reservoirs Using the Hydro-Suction Method

Proposing Inclined Multi-Hole Suction (IMHS) Systems for Sediment Removal in Reservoirs Using the Hydro-Suction Method

Observational Analysis of Stationary C.I. Engine Output and Emission Evaluation for Variance of Induction Pressure Aspects

In the current environment, improved engine performance, reduced fuel consumption and reduced emissions are important goals for automotive manufacturers. To understand the factors involved in the compartment assemblies in Compression Ignition (C I) engines it is crucial to concentrate on such goals. Pressure rating, fuel atomization, fuel pressure, fuel quality, air pressure rating, air temperature, pressure and other design components such as piston, Air induction system, and assembly chamber and more to work. It is evident from the literature review and research work carried out to date that the airing system is best method of promoting C I operation of the engine. The design of the Air suction system could be achieved in this way that it takes into account the objectives of entire system. Effective air suction system improvement needs least energy utilization and most extreme use of air intake pressure for decrease in poisonous productions at outlet of C I engines. Furthermore, powerful use of fuel vitality. In present work, air suction arrangement, exclusively less air inlet pressure during suction stroke of four stroke cycle engine concern is topic of explicit enthusiasm for plan. Advancement of air induction system with air induction pressure regulator, flow distribution, action is studied and useful information is developed through proper intake manifold arrangement for better fuel efficiency.

Design and power calculation of HLFC suction system for a subsonic short-range aircraft

Hybrid laminar flow control (HLFC) can be a possible solution for future sustainable energy-efficient aviation. The current study proposes a MATLAB-based numerical tool for the design of the suction system for an airfoil optimized for a subsonic short-range HLFC application. Considerable energy losses may occur when the air passes through the perforated metallic outer surface and the inner structure of the suction system. A semi-empirical approach is used to design a layout that provides a target suction velocity based on measured pressure losses through porous medium and substructures. Flowbench measurements were performed on 3D-printed internal core test samples to quantify the pressure losses that can be used to create a lower pressure below the porous sheet matching the target suction velocity. The actual suction realized on the airfoil using this substructure concept has a discrete nature that increases with the distance between two adjacent walls. Finally, the suction system’s power requirement is calculated. The power requirement for distributed suction accounts for the pressure loss characteristics of the porous material, the internal core structure, and throttling holes. However, the study does not include the ducting losses from the substructure to the compressor. Approximately 80% of the total suction power is utilized to eject the sucked air back to the freestream conditions for a system with a compressor and propulsive system efficiency equal to one. The study analyses the performance of the designed internal core layout to different flight conditions and addresses the suction power requirement variation with lift coefficient and flight altitude.