Sucking Pest Complex Research Articles

Pest succession and efficacy of newer insecticides and organic inputs including botanical and bio-pesticides against sucking pest complex of pigeon pea

Pest succession and efficacy of newer insecticides and organic inputs including botanical and bio-pesticides against sucking pest complex of pigeon pea

Eco-friendly management of sucking pest complex of chilli, (Capsicum annuum L.)

Eco-friendly management of sucking pest complex of chilli, (Capsicum annuum L.)

Relative toxicity of some newer insecticide molecules against vector and sucking pest complex of okra

Sucking pest like leaf hoppers or jassid (Amrasca biguttula biguttula (Ishida)) and vectors i.e., whitefly (Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius)) are regarded as one of the major biotic stresses in okra cultivation in India. Apart from direct sucking the plant sap and thereby devitalizing the crop through their specially adapted mouthparts, many of them also act as vectors for important plant diseases like okra yellow vein mosaic and okra enation leaf curl disease. To control these sucking pests and vectors, several newer insecticide molecules were tested under open field conditions during Kharif seasons of 2021 and 2022. Based up on the two years of pooled data, among the tested insecticides, Tolfenpyrad 15% EC @ 2 ml/L was the best molecule in reducing leaf hopper population in okra (5.40 per leaf) with 63.49% reduction over control (PROC). The next best molecule was flupyradifurone 17.09% SL (5.70 jassids per leaf with 61.46 PROC). In the case of whitefly, flupyradifurone 17.09% SL was the most promising during both years with percent population reductions of 69.90 over control. The next best molecule in the list was tolfenpyrad 15% EC with 67.08 PROC. Interestingly, Imidacloprid-treated plots had the highest leaf hopper (10.39 per leaf) and whitefly (9.55 per leaf) population among all treatments indicating its low activity against these sucking pests of okra. The highest healthy green fruit yields (152 q/ha) were obtained from the plots treated with tolfenpyrad 15% EC with a maximum cost-benefit ratio of 1:2.19 followed by dinotefuran 20% SG (1:2.16) and acetamiprid 20% SP (1:2.15).

Field bioefficacy and residue dynamics of chlorantraniliprole (18.50% sc) in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)

The okra fruit borer (Earias vittella) and sucking pests are a key limiting factor in okra cultivation due to their severe crop destruction behaviour. An experiment was conducted during 2019–20 to assess the bioefficacy of various new insecticides and persistence of chlorantraniliprole 18.50 sc residues in okra fruits at research farm of ICAR- Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. Among various treatments, chlorantraniliprole tested at 30 g a.i./ha was reported to be effective in reducing fruit damage by E. vittella (96%), as well as sucking pests infestation (87.81–1100%) with a significantly higher marketable fruit yield (8.88 t/ha) recorded under open field situations. Ethyl acetate was used to extract the chlorantraniliprole contaminants from the okra fruit matrix, and PSA and magnesium sulphate were used to clean up the matrix. The estimate for the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.01 mg/kg, and the average percent recoveries ranged from 83.67–89.00. The half-life was estimated 1.72 days. Based on the field bioefficacy against insect pests and residue status in okra fruits, it can be concluded that the chlorantraniliprole 30 g a.i./ha can be utilized in the okra ecosystem to successfully manage the sucking pest complex and fruit borer without posing any health risks to consumers.

Relative bioefficacy of different insecticides against sucking pest complex of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L.) and their effect on natural enemies present under field condition

The field experiment was carried out on tomato in the Rabi season of 2019-20 at the Vegetable Research Farm, Institute of Agricultural Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. The crop variety, Arka Vikas (Selection 22) was selected to evaluate the bioefficacy of nine different insecticidal treatments against the sucking pest complex and the natural enemies in tomato under field conditions. Two sprays at 15 days intervals of ten treatments with three replications were applied. The treatments were Diafenthiuron 50% WP, Abamectin 1.8% EC, Buprofezin 25% SC, Indoxacarb 14.5% SC, Spinosad 45% SC, Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC, Pymetrozine 50% WG, Flonicamid 50% WG, and Lancer Gold (50 + 1.8) % SP and control (water spray). Observations were recorded one day before and 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 10th, and 15th days after each spray. For controlling Whitefly (B. tabaci), Lancer gold was observed to be the best (76.98%), followed by Pymetrozine (69.03%) and Flonicamid (59.39%). At the same time, Flonicamid was excellent (70.62%) in controlling Aphids (A. gossypii), followed by Lancer gold (67.15%) and Pymetrozine (65.48%). In case of a reduction of damage by Thrips (T. tabaci), Lancer gold showed the best result (75.60%), followed by Buprofezin (68.45%) and Flonicamid (65.69%). However, all the treatments showed minute toxicity for the natural enemies; yet Flonicamid and Lancer gold were significantly safer among all of them.

Evaluation of some promising insecticides against sucking pest complex in cotton

Evaluation of some promising insecticides against sucking pest complex in cotton

Bioefficacy against Major Sucking Pest Complex and Residue Dynamics of Fipronil in Green Chilli (Capsicum annum Linn.)

Bioefficacy against Major Sucking Pest Complex and Residue Dynamics of Fipronil in Green Chilli (Capsicum annum Linn.)

Management of sucking pest complex through conventional and newer insecticides in brinjal crop

Management of sucking pest complex through conventional and newer insecticides in brinjal crop

Management of sucking pest complex in okra by sequential strategy

Management of sucking pest complex in okra by sequential strategy

Bio-efficacy of Belt Expert 480 SC against caterpillars and sucking pest complex in black gram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) and its effect on natural enemies and plants

The use of insecticides as a combination product with different modes of action and target may help in the reduction enhancement of categories of pests. Furthermore, the number of insecticide applications would be reduced which may pave the opportunity for an easy fit into the strategies of integrated pest management. Therefore, the field experiments were carried out at the Main Agricultural Research Station, Dharwad, Karnataka, India for two consecutive kharif seasons to evaluate bio-efficacy of combination product Belt Expert 480 SC (Flubendiamide 24% + Thiacloprid 24% SC w/v) against caterpillars and sucking pest complex in black gram and their safety towards non-target organisms. Field trials consisted of nine treatments replicated three times in a randomized block design. Results revealed that two sprays of the combi-product Belt Expert 480 SC (Flubendiamide 24% w/v + Thiacloprid 24% w/v SC) @ 250 mL/ha recorded lower pod borer incidence (4.54%) with higher seed yield (9.13 q/ha) followed by Belt Expert 480 SC (Flubendiamide 24% w/v + Thiacloprid 24% w/v SC) @ 200 mL/ha with pod borer incidence of 5.47% and seed yield of 8.83 q/ha. The treatments viz., Belt Expert 480 SC (Flubendiamide 24% w/v + Thiacloprid 24% w/v SC) @ 200 and 150 mL/ha, Alanto 240 SC (Thiacloprid 21.7% w/w SC) @ 250 mL/ha and Fame 480 SC (Flubendiamide 39.35% m/m SC) @ 100 and 125 mL/ha proved safe to natural enemies. None of the insecticidal treatments (Belt Expert 480 SC (Flubendiamide 24% w/v + Thiacloprid 24% w/v SC) @ 250, 500 and 1000 mL/ha) showed any type of phytotoxic symptoms on black gram plants.

Evaluation of effect of non-pesticidal methods on population of sucking pest complex on okra in comparison with chemical control

Investigations were carried out to evaluate phototropical, mechanical and botanical control measures in comparison with chemical treatment for managing sucking pest complex of okra under field condition in Dr. PDKV, Akola during kharif, 2019. The results regarding the cumulative effect revealed that treatment Recommended insecticidal spray (Ist Spray and IIIrd Spray with Imidacloprid 17.8% SL, IInd Spray and IVth Spray with Fenvalerate 20% EC) emerged as the most effective treatment against aphids, leafhoppers and whiteflies with realized yield of 52.23 q/ha. It was at par with non-pesticidal treatment Removal of infested shoots + Light traps + NSE (5%) + Yellow sticky trap with yield of 44.49 q/ha followed by Light traps + NSE (5%) in case of leafhopper population whereas in case of aphid and whitefly population treatment Removal of infested shoots + NSE (5%) + Yellow sticky trap at 3, 7 and 14 days after application. This treatments can be better alternative for organic farmers.

IPM Strategy Against Sucking Pest Complex of Guava Under High Density Planting

IPM Strategy Against Sucking Pest Complex of Guava Under High Density Planting

Biochemical basis of insecticides resistance in cotton leafhopper, Amrasca biguttula biguttula (Ishida) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)

Cotton is one of world’s most essential fiber crops having global significance. Several biotic and abiotic stresses are constraints in cotton production including the bollworm complex and sucking pests. Among sucking pests, the cotton leafhopper, Amrasca biguttula biguttula (Ishida) is a devastating pest causing both quantitative and qualitative losses. After the introduction of Bt cotton, there was a check to the bollworm complex. But, the sucking pest complex particularly leafhoppers increased gradually reaching economic injury levels. The rampant application of insecticides to control sucking pests has led to the development of pest resistance to insecticides with different mode of action world over. Among the various mechanisms of resistance, the metabolic resistance plays a vital role. In order to determine the enzyme activity viz., cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, carboxyl esterase and glutathione S-transferase, for which the biochemical analysis was done by using field collected and laboratory reared population of this pest. The results revealed that, the activity of detoxification enzymes was significantly higher in the field collected population as compared to the laboratory population. The specific activity of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (14.88 nmol/min/mg protein), carboxyl esterase (1321.97 nmol/min/mg protein) and glutathione S-transferase (1021.83 nmol/min/mg protein) in field collected population as compared to cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (12.02 nmol/min/mg protein), carboxyl esterase (1022.82 nmol/min/mg protein) and glutathione S-transferase (310.26 nmol/min/mg protein) in susceptible laboratory reared population of A. biguttula biguttula. This clearly shows that, these three xenobiotic enzymes are responsible for the detoxification of insecticides in the field population of this notorious pest.

Influence of temperature and relative humidity on population dynamics of thrips and leaf curl disease incidence in blackgram genotypes

The insect pests and diseases of blackgram continue to pose a serious threat to the plant growth and yield. The sucking pests in blackgram are economically most important that not only cause the direct damage by feeding but also by transmission of different viral diseases. Sucking pest complex in blackgram include an array of sucking pests out of which thrips, whitefly and aphids are the most important. The leaf curl disease caused by GBNV in blackgram is transmitted through thrips. A study was conducted involving 25 blackgram genotypes to screen them against leaf curl disease. The results obtained from the study indicated that the leaf curl disease incidence (%) and thrips population (Number plant-1) varied significantly among the genotypes. Late sowing of the crop coincided with higher temperatures, lower relative humidity and high vector population resulting in higher leaf curl disease incidence. The correlation studies indicated that the leaf curl disease incidence (%) was negatively associated with the mean and morning relative humidity (%) and positively associated with mean, maximum and minimum temperatures.

Sustainable management approach for sucking pests control in betel leaf of Bangladesh

BackgroundBetel leaf is the oldest and now highly paid farmer’s crop, but the most vulnerable to insect pests, leading to massive yield drops in Bangladesh. For this reason, the experiment was carried out at the Spices Research Centre, Bangladesh, during the period of January 2018 to December 2018 and to assess the effectiveness of the different bio-rational approach against the betel leaf sucking pests. In this study, BARI Paan-3 was used as a test crop. Studies were important that sucking insect pests to include red mite population (black fly, white fly, red mite and mealy bug) has been found actively around the year in Bangladesh.ResultsStudies have shown that sucking insect population (black fly, white fly, red mite and mealy bug) has been found actively year round, whereas the maximum (22.7, 17.2, 16.1, and 14 adult/vine) and minimum (3.2, 2.8, 2.6, and 1.5 adult/vine) were recorded during the month of October and January, respectively. The results explored that the significant variations and the R2 value suggested that biotic factor contributes 57.9, 50.9, 51.3, and 53.7% variations in black fly, white fly, red spider mite, and mealy bug population. Among approaches, the highest mortality rate (80.56, 84.73, 82.44, and 90.96%) of black fly, white fly, red mite, and mealy bug over untreated control with maximum vine yield (18.61 t/ha) is recorded from sanitation + three alternate spraying of fizimite and antario.ConclusionsIt had concluded that sanitation of betel leaf garden along with three alternate spraying of fizimite (sodium lauryl ether) at 1 ml/l and antario WP (Bt + abamectin 0.1%) at 0.5 g/l recommended for an effective management of the betel vine sucking pest complex.

Seasonal incidence of major insect pests of chilli crop and their correlation with abiotic factors

A field experiment was conducted during rabi season in the year 2018 at Vegetable Research Centre, Pantnagar to study the seasonal incidence of major insect pests of chilli crop in relation to weather parameters. The results depicted the first incidence of aphids, thrips on the 43rd SMW, whitefly appeared on 45th SMW while borers (Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera litura) were recorded in the trial field on 1st SMW. The predators (spiders and ladybird) were reported in the field on 44th SMW. The sucking pest complex (aphids, thrips and whitefly) attained their peak on 6th SMW while the borer reached their peak densities on 7th SMW. The predator populations were maximum on 6th SMW. Aphids and thrips were positively correlated with mean temperature (r= 0.503* and r= 0.393), mean relative humidity (r= 0.218 and r= 0.251) and rainfall (r= 0.296 and r= 0.284). Borers (Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera litura) showed positive and significant correlation (r= 0.491* and r= 0.476*) with rainfall. Maximum temperature (r= -0.663** and r= -0.632**) and sunshine hours (r= -0.604** and r= -0.570**) had highly significant and negative influence on spiders and ladybird population.

Population Dynamics of Sucking Pests on Bhendi, Abelmoschus esculentus L. (Moench)

Field investigations were made during 2017-2018 (Aug-April) in bhendi Co4 hybrid raised under organic conditions in farmer’s field of Thondamuthur block, Coimbatore. The population dynamics of sucking pests in bhendi viz., leafhopper (Amrasca biguttula biguttula Ishida), aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover), whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gennadius), thrips (Thrips tabaci Linnman) and mealybug (Maconellicoccus hirsutus) were assessed in different growth periods of the crop and correlated with weather parameters. The studies revealed that incidence of sucking pests started during August and reached its peak during October under organic conditions. Correlation studies between the sucking pest complex and weather factors revealed that there was significant positive correlation with maximum temperature and relative humidity. whereas, minimum temperature and wind velocity showed negative correlation to all above mentioned sucking pests. The rainfall favoured the activity of all the sucking pests with positive correlation except mealybug. Regression analysis revealed that for every unit increase in maximum temperature, the leafhoppers population got increased by 0.08 numbers. Similarly, for every unit increase in relative humidity the whiteflies population got increased by 0.02 numbers..

Efficacy of ready mix formulation of spirotetramat 120 + imidacloprid 120: 240 sc against sucking pest complex of Brinjal

Field experiments were conducted during pre-kharif season of 2011 and 2012 at University Experimental Farm, Unit C, Kalyani, West Bengal to study the efficacy of a ready mix formulation of spirotetramat 120 + imidacloprid 120: 240 SC at three combination doses (i.e., 45+45 g a.i./ha, 60+60 g a.i./ha and 75+75 g a.i./ha) against the jassid, whitefly and red spider mite. Six standard checks viz., spirotetramat 150 OD @ 75 g a.i./ha, imidacloprid 200SL @ 75 g a.i./ha, dicofol 18.5% EC @185 g a.i./ha, oxydemeton methyl 25 EC @ 250 g a.i./ha, dimethoate 30 EC @300 g a.i./ha and thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 25 g a.i./ha along with a untreated check were also evaluated. The study revealed that the combination of spirotetramat 120 + imidacloprid 120: 240 SC @ 75+75 g a.i./ha was the best treatment in terms of minimum pest population as well as maximum yield.

Validation of integrated pest management module against insect pests of pigeonpea, Cajanus cajan in Tarai region of Uttarakhand

Experiments on validation of integrated pest management (IPM) module against insect pest of pigeonpea in comparison with the Non-IPM (farmer’s practices) were conducted at N.E.B. Crop Research Centre, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar during Kharif 2014 and 2015. Adopted IPM module contained Seed treatment with Trichoderma spp. @10g/kg of seed, Sole crop, Bird perches @ 50/ha, need based insecticides spray (Chlorantraniliprole 18.5SC @ 30 g a. i./ha; Neem soap@10g/lit; Acetamiprid 20SP @ 20 g a. i./ha). The results indicated that minimum population of pod borers (Helicoverpa armigera,Maruca vitrata and podfly) and sucking insects (aphids, jassids, pod bug) was reported in IPM plots and maximum population of insects was observed in Non-IPM plots. Percent insect control over non-IPM was 50.98 % for H. armigera, 44.69 % for M. vitrata and 19.17 % for Maruca webbing were recorded. While, for sucking pest complex, insect control over non-IPM was 51.59 %, 40.36 % and 36.17 % against jassids, aphids and tur pod bug, respectively. Similarly, minimum pod borer damage (6.48 and 7.71 %) was recorded in IPM plots as compared to maximum pod borer damage (8.37 and 8.22 %) in non-IPM plots, respectively during 2014 and 2015. Whereas, pooled grain yield for IPM plots was 1286.5 kg/ha for both seasons as against 888 kg/ha in non-IPM plots with 1:2.89 benefit cost ratio. Hence, It is apparent that studied IPM module was able to increase the yield of pigeonepea with lower cost of production as against non-IPM thus it would be benefiting the farmers.

Study of seasonal incidence and impact of abiotic factors on sucking pests of brinjal

The present investigation was undertaken to find the impact of abiotic factors on seasonal incidence and sucking pest complex of brinjal under field conditions during kharif 2015-2016. The incidence of leaf hopper population (2.80 Lh/L i.e., Leaf hopper mean population/leaf) was noticed during 34th standard week and reached peak by 40th standard week (5.00 Lh/L) (October) whereas the aphid population was noticed during the 34th standard week (3.00 Lh/L) and peak population observed during the 40th standard week (4.60 Lh/L) (October). Correlation studies showed that among the various abiotic factors, maximum temperature showed highly significant positive correlation (r= 0.77) and sunshine hours (r = 0.61) showed significant positive correlation with the leaf hopper population. In case of aphid population, maximum temperature showed significant positive correlation (r = 0.70), rainfall showed highly significant negative correlation (r = -0.74) and relative humidity evening (r = -0.59) showed significant negative correlation with aphid population. The present investigations will give a brief idea about how the abiotic factors influencing the sucking pests of brinjal.