Successful Movement Research Articles

Letter From the Co-Editor: Yes, “Shit’s Got to Change.” But How? A Call for a Deep Scholarship Social Movement

This letter from the editor is in response to Benjamin et al.'s (2024) call to action surrounding the structures and systems of the tourism academy. It recommends a social movements approach as a possible framework for taking next steps. This Deep Scholarship Movement suggests (1) identifying and assembling key leadership change agents with diverse viewpoints, (2) enhancing self-efficacy, increasing consciousness-raising, and maximizing resource mobilization, the three primary components of successful social movements, and using them to work toward (3) community consensus building. These are challenging and daunting recommendations. This letter argues, however, that this or some other systemic, organized approach is necessary for those of us in varying aspects of leadership to clear the way and establish deeper, richer, more inclusive and less oppressive environments for our early-and mid-career colleagues.

Transnational diffusion and far-right latent social movements: unveiling the survival of anti-immigration mobilisation in Portugal

ABSTRACT Diffusion is key to understanding the transnational spread of social movements. Given its relevance, scholarship in the field of social movements has explored many different dimensions of the diffusion process. Most of these studies, however, focus on the diffusion process during movements’ intense periods of visibility. In contrast, this paper explores an understudied facet of transnational diffusion: its links to the latency of social movements in the context of anti-immigration mobilisation. Using an original theoretical perspective, it investigates the role of transnational diffusion in feeding far-right mobilisation outside their peak, disclosing how submerged networks survive during their invisible phases. Drawing on novel empirical data collected from in-depth interviews with Portuguese far-right activists, we show how the lack of politicisation of migration in Portugal pushes anti-immigration mobilisation into a permanent state of latency, and how transnational diffusion emerges as a key mechanism for the maintenance of their frames. Moreover, our analysis illuminates the agency of Portuguese anti-immigration activists in the transnational diffusion process in adopting and adapting frames from successful movements elsewhere. Lastly, we offer an innovative contribution to far-right scholarship, by exploring the under-researched context in Portugal, offering valuable insights applicable to similar cases.

A mixed-methods approach to understand victimization discourses by opposing feminist sub-groups on social media.

Opposing social movements are groups that have conflicting objectives on a shared social justice issue. To maximize the probability of their movement's success, groups can strategically portray their group in a favourable manner while discrediting their opposition. One such approach involves the construction of victimization discourses. In this research, we combined topic modelling and critical discursive psychology to explore how opposing groups within the feminist movement used victimization as a lens to understand their movements in relation to transgender women. We compiled a dataset of over 40,000 tweets from 14 UK-based feminist accounts that included transgender women as women (the pro-inclusion group) and 13 accounts, that excluded transgender women (the anti-inclusion group). Our results revealed differences in how victimization was employed by the opposing movements: pro-inclusion groups drew on repertoires that created a sense of shared victimhood between cisgender women and transgender women, while anti-inclusion groups invoked a competitive victimhood repertoire. Both groups also challenged and delegitimised their oppositions' constructions of feminism and victimhood. These findings add to our understanding of the communication strategies used by opposing movements to achieve their mobilization goals.

Complexities and Dynamics of the Popular Movement of 1990 in Nepal

After decades of autocratic control, Nepal's political landscape saw a dramatic change in 1990 when the democratic revolution brought multiparty democracy back. This article examines the tactics, difficulties, and final success of political parties in launching and maintaining the movement. Utilizing historical narratives, primary materials, and academic examinations, it offers perspectives on how political parties evolved into catalysts for transformation, galvanized the populace, and engaged in negotiations with the king to usher in a novel phase of democracy in Nepal. The complex dynamics influenced by many social, political, and economic elements led to the movement's success. In the face of authoritarianism and popular discontent, the study explores the intricacies of the movement and sheds insight on the interlocking dynamics that drove Nepal toward democratic reform

Does the Buck Stop Somewhere? Blame Games and State Capture in the Legalization of the Israeli Land Grab

This article explores the intricate relationship between the Israeli state and Jewish settlers in the occupied Palestinian West Bank after the Oslo Accords (1993). It shows that, despite the accords, which prohibited the establishment of new settlements, such activities persisted. Instead, the accords triggered the seemingly spontaneous emergence of numerous illegal “hilltop settlements,” tolerated by higher echelons of government and actively supported by lower levels. These settlements subsequently underwent a gradual post hoc formalization process, ultimately leading to their full legalization. The article elucidates how a faction within Israeli society influenced segments of the government, employing blame games as a strategy to rationalize the legitimization of the Israeli land grab. Notably, it highlights the strategic and deceptive tactics employed by various Israeli governments in their dealings with the settler movement. The article concludes by reflecting on the political implications of the settler movement's success for the democratic character of the Israeli state.

Negotiating Ideologies: The Campaign for Gender–Balanced Boards and Commissions in Iowa

ABSTRACT This interview and archival research case study of the successful movement to adopt state laws to require gender balance on Iowa state boards and commissions (adopted in the late 1980s) and to extend the law to local boards and commissions (adopted in 2009) provides an empirical challenge to two prominent theories of ideology—interest theory, in which the powerful impose ideology, and strain theory, in which people find ideology to cope with their experiences. My study suggests that traditional ideologies are not always the most powerful. While people tend to believe in ideologies they perceive as functional for themselves, ideology is better understood through a navigation theory in which people simultaneously hold multiple complementary and contradictory ideologies, and where particular contexts and people’s interpretations of those contexts impact how different ideologies are activated, understood, prioritized, negotiated, and applied.

Encountering the image of thought in artmaking

Drawing from observations by contemporary art critic Jerry Saltz that recent art-school graduates are producing work that imitates the styles of successful and established artists and movements, this article explores how the ways in which artist-students are taught in university art programmes might potentially impact their postgraduate art practices. If art school-educated professional artists do indeed tend to adhere to prescriptive modes of artmaking, what are some ways in which university art educators might disrupt these habits at the outset for art students who are just starting out in a college art programme? To contemplate this question, this article engages Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari’s philosophical concept of the encounter as one approach that might trigger a new kind of thought in learning and artmaking, which informed a teaching experiment that I undertook with one of my introductory art courses. The implantation and reflection on this teaching experiment illustrates how teachers at all levels of art education might create their own adaptive forms of experimenting with Deleuze and Guattari’s concept of the encounter to short circuit such emulative modes of thinking in students’ approaches to artmaking.

Expanding Possibilities for Foreign Gene Expression by Cucumber Green Mottle Mosaic Virus Genome-Based Bipartite Vector System.

Expanding possibilities for foreign gene expression in cucurbits, we present a novel approach utilising a bipartite vector system based on the cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) genome. Traditional full-length CGMMV vectors face limitations such as a restricted cargo capacity and unstable foreign gene expression. To address these challenges, we developed two 'deconstructed' CGMMV genomes, DG-1 and DG-2. DG-1 features a major internal deletion, resulting in the loss of crucial replicase enzyme domains, rendering it incapable of self-replication. However, a staggered infiltration of DG-1 in CGMMV-infected plants enabled successful replication and movement, facilitating gene-silencing experiments. Conversely, DG-2 was engineered to enhance replication rates and provide multiple cloning sites. Although it exhibited higher replication rates, DG-2 remained localised within infiltrated tissue, displaying trans-replication and restricted movement. Notably, DG-2 demonstrated utility in expressing GFP, with a peak expression observed between 6 and 10 days post-infiltration. Overall, our bipartite system represents a significant advancement in functional genomics, offering a robust tool for foreign gene expression in Nicotiana benthamiana.

Consistent Individual Differences Drive Collective Movements in a Tibetan Macaque Group

Collective movement has emerged as a key area of interest in animal behavior. While individual differences are often viewed as a potential threat to group cohesion, growing evidence suggests that these differences can actually influence an animal’s behavior as an initiator or follower during collective movements, thereby driving the group‘s movement and decision-making processes. To resolve the divergence, we asked how personality can affect the dynamics of collective movements in one group of free-ranging Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana) in Huangshan, China. We assessed individual personality using principal component analysis and applied the generalized linear mixed model and linear mixed model to examine the influence of personality on decision making during collective movements. Our findings reveled three distinct personality types among Tibetan macaques: sociability, boldness, and anxiousness. Individuals with higher sociability scores and rank, or those with lower anxiousness scores, were more likely to initiate successful collective movements. Older individuals were less successful in initiating movements compared to young adults. Leaders with lower anxiousness scores or higher rank attracted more followers, with females attracting larger groups than males. As for followers, individuals with higher rank tended to join the collective movement earlier. Additionally, individuals with higher sociability or boldness scores had shorter joining latency in collective movement. Finally, there was a longer joining latency for middle-aged adults compared to young adults. These results suggest that individual differences are a potential driver of collective movements. We provide some insights into the relationships between personality and decision making in Tibetan macaques.

GPS-НАВІГАЦІЯ ЯК ЧАСТИНА ТОПОГРАФІЧНОЇПІДГОТОВКИ У ТУРИЗМІ

The article analyses the modern requirements for topographic training of travellers, in particular those who are engaged in active travel. For successful movement, quick and accident-free overcoming of the route, each participant of tourist and local history activities must possess various orientation skills at any time of the day and under any natural conditions. A tourist’s ability to navigate the terrain is a sign of good technical training. It is unacceptable to travel through an unfamiliar area in the absence of a compass, map materials and without prior study of the given territory. In the period of preparation for the hike, during classes and trainings in the area, the tourist acquires the necessary skills of orientation in the area, the use of a map and compass. Arguments in favour of GPS-orientation skills for the safety of hiking and other tourist activitiesare given. The author analyses the navigation of travel in our time and demonstrates the possibilities of GPS navigation to determine one's location, direction of movement and route to one's destination. IT specialists develop and actively implement positioning and navigation systems focused on the needs of tourists. It is also convenient because most modern navigators and phones simultaneously support several satellite navigation systems. The author analysed in detail the advantages and disadvantages of various portable devices for satellite navigation. However, the general message of the article is that this type of orientation significantly simplifies the task of a tourist, a rescuer, and special services.

Orthodontics and Endodontics Clinical Practice Correlation: A Narrative Review.

Research on the connection between endodontic therapy and orthodontics is lacking. This overview of the literature synthesizes the findings from the fields of orthodontics and endodontics and explains how they are related. Beginning with the diagnosis, treating the patient at the appropriate time, moving endodontically treated teeth and traumatized teeth, resorbing roots by orthodontic mechanics, and managing traumatized teeth with orthodontic therapy. Multiple electronic databases were utilized including(PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science) to perform manual literature searches. A total of 31 articles were reviewed and summarized in this paper in keywords like "Endodontically Treated Teeth and Orthodontic Treatment," "Endodontically Treated Tooth and Orthodontic Movement," "Orthodontic Treatment in RCT Teeth," "Root Canal Treatment with Orthodontic Movement," "Trauma with Orthodontic Movement," "Orthodontic and Endodontic." Orthodontic treatment of endodontically treated and traumatized teeth is a subject of controversy. The lack of research on the topic makes it a hard decision to make when to treat these teeth. Especially given that both orthodontic and endodontic treatments have multiple consequences on each other's outcomes. Thus, it is crucial for clinicians to understand how they integrate and have a guideline to refer to during decision-making. Successful orthodontic tooth movement could be carried out immediately after endodontic treatment. However, traumatized teeth need a follow-up period before initiating orthodontic movement, which ranges from three months to 12 months depending on the type of trauma and severity. Careful radiographic and clinical follow-up should be done during the healing period. Collaborative teamwork is important between orthodontists and endodontists for the success of treatment, and to achieve satisfactory outcomes.

Promoting Library Employee Wellness & Community Building with a Creativity Wellness Challenge

ABSTRACT During the pandemic, in an effort to improve employee wellness, the Spencer S. Eccles Health Sciences Library (EHSL) launched a series of virtual wellness challenges. Participation counts toward a university-wide wellness initiative that provides a discount on the employee health care plan. Following several successful movement, mindfulness and nutrition challenges, the Wellness Committee developed a challenge centered on creative projects and community building for a change of pace. Participants engaged in creative pursuits, periodically reflected on their progress and regularly attended Craft Club meetings to connect with colleagues and friends while working on their projects.

Prison Abolitionism and the Liberal Imagination

Abstract One of the most controversial political demands to emerge from the mass protests of the summer of 2020 was the abolition of police departments and prisons. This review article takes stock of the rationale behind prison abolitionism and of the philosopher Tommie Shelby's The Idea of Prison Abolition, a recent effort to initiate a dialogue between Angela Davis, the intellectual vanguard of contemporary abolitionists, and Shelby's own style of liberal political philosophy in the tradition of John Rawls. Although it shares a name with the successful nineteenth century movement to end slavery, today's abolitionists have much broader and far-reaching aims. The antislavery movement claimed to be bringing liberal society in line with liberalism's own values by abolishing chattel slavery, but Shelby's argument reaffirms that the prison, for its part, actually has a deep conceptual and historical compatibility with liberalism. Prison abolitionists, conscious of the connections between liberalism and incarceration, therefore, level their attacks not only at imprisonment but against liberal society as a whole. The close entwinement of liberalism and incarceration and deep disagreements about the meaning of basic terms like reform and criminality mean that long-term collaboration between liberals and abolitionists is probably unrealistic, both theoretically and politically.

Cold War Sisterhood: The Women's Africa Committee, 1958–1968

Abstract: During the late 1950s, prompted by the US State Department, an interracial group of national leaders of women's organizations in the United States formed the African Women's Committee to reach out to their African counterparts in the wake of successful independence movements throughout the continent. After consulting with numerous African women and leading experts on Africa, the committee initiated a program that brought groups of African women to the United States for short training programs designed to strengthen their leadership skills through both coursework and immersion in women's organizations. This article examines the assumptions both groups of women brought to their interactions and the ways the program changed during this period as a response to racist encounters in the US, new teachers in the classes and African women's evaluations of their experiences.

Distinct Cortical Correlates of Perception and Motor Function in Balance Control.

Fluctuations in brain activity alter how we perceive our body and generate movements but have not been investigated in functional whole-body behaviors. During reactive balance, we recently showed that evoked brain activity is associated with the balance ability in young individuals. Furthermore, in PD, impaired whole-body motion perception in reactive balance is associated with impaired balance. Here, we investigated the brain activity during the whole-body motion perception in reactive balance in young adults (9 female, 10 male). We hypothesized that both ongoing and evoked cortical activity influences the efficiency of information processing for successful perception and movement during whole-body behaviors. We characterized two cortical signals using electroencephalography localized to the SMA: (1) the "N1," a perturbation-evoked potential that decreases in amplitude with expectancy and is larger in individuals with lower balance function, and (2) preperturbation β power, a transient rhythm that favors maintenance of the current sensorimotor state and is inversely associated with tactile perception. In a two-alternative forced choice task, participants judged whether pairs of backward support surface perturbations during standing were in the "same" or "different" direction. As expected, lower whole-body perception was associated with lower balance ability. Within a perturbation pair, N1 attenuation was larger on correctly perceived trials and associated with better balance, but not perception. In contrast, preperturbation β power was higher on incorrectly perceived trials and associated with poorer perception, but not balance. Together, ongoing and evoked cortical activity have unique roles in information processing that give rise to distinct associations with perceptual and balance ability.

TROP: TRust-aware OPportunistic Routing in NoC with Hardware Trojans

Multiple software and hardware intellectual property (IP) components are combined on a single chip to form Multi-Processor Systems-on-Chips (MPSoCs). Due to the rigid time-to-market constraints, some of the IPs are from outsourced third parties. Due to the supply-chain management of IP blocks being handled by unreliable third-party vendors, security has grown as a crucial design concern in the MPSoC. These IPs may get exposed to certain unwanted practises like the insertion of malicious circuits called Hardware Trojan (HT) leading to security threats and attacks, including sensitive data leakage or integrity violations. A Network-on-Chip (NoC) connects various units of an MPSoC. Since it serves as the interface between various units in an MPSoC, it has complete access to all the data flowing through the system. This makes NoC security a paramount design issue. Our research focuses on a threat model where the NoC is infiltrated by multiple HTs that can corrupt packets. Data integrity verified at the destination’s network interface (NI) triggers re-transmissions of packets if the verification results in an error. In this article, we propose an opportunistic trust-aware routing strategy that efficiently avoids HT while ensuring that the packets arrive at their destination unaltered. Experimental results demonstrate the successful movement of packets through opportunistically selected neighbours along a trust-aware path free from the HT effect. We also observe a significant reduction in the rate of packet re-transmissions and latency at the expense of incurring minimum area and power overhead.

A deep dive into the collaborative networks of Yacht Rock

This paper explores the collaborative networks of Yacht Rock, a genre of music that emerged in the late 1970s and early 1980s and is currently experiencing a resurgence of popularity in the United States and beyond. In addition to using formal social network analysis to explore the development and transformation of Yacht Rock's collaborative musical network through time, we identify its most influential artists and musicians and highlight the most pivotal songs of the era – adding context with historical and archival approaches. The results indicate that a core group of studio musicians based in Los Angeles played an essential role in helping develop Yacht Rock. This reservoir of musical talent and the supporting "hard" infrastructure (e.g., recording studios, music labels) in Los Angeles helped bring Yacht Rock to the masses. However, much of this movement's success has roots in the "soft" infrastructure of the region (e.g., management, industry connections) and the network effects of bands like Toto and Steely Dan.

The US Student Antisweatshop Movement's Presence and Success at the Campus Level: Impacts of Collective Identity Strength and Network Density1

College students and campuses have played key roles in social movements because colleges' cultural and structural features tend to facilitate movements. But such attributes vary across campuses. This quantitative study models how two campus features that correspond to core elements of social movement theory—students' collective identity strength and social network density—appear to impact United Students Against Sweatshops (USAS) groups' presence and success on 1,265 US 4‐year public and private nonprofit campuses during 2000–2006, operationalizing success as schools' joining the Worker Rights Consortium (WRC) monitoring organization. Results generally indicate that collective identity strength and network density promote USAS presence and that network density facilitates WRC membership. USAS presence is pivotal, though not required, for WRC membership. Our logistic regression models also confirm that campus opportunity structures and off‐campus movement actors' roles help account for these USAS outcomes; notably, antiunion location (“Right‐to‐Work” states) undermines and Roman Catholic school affiliation encourages USAS presence and success. We identify theoretically why certain factors may promote only some forms of student activism (e.g., conscience constituent but not beneficiary‐based groups).

Closed-Loop Control of Functional Electrical Stimulation Using a Selectively Recording and Bidirectional Nerve Cuff Interface.

Discriminating recorded afferent neural information can provide sensory feedback for closed-loop control of functional electrical stimulation, which restores movement to paralyzed limbs. Previous work achieved state-of-the-art off-line classification of electrical activity in different neural pathways recorded by a multi-contact nerve cuff electrode, by applying deep learning to spatiotemporal neural patterns. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of this approach in the context of closed-loop stimulation. Acute in vivo experiments were conducted on 11 Long Evans rats to demonstrate closed-loop stimulation. A 64-channel ( 8×8 ) nerve cuff electrode was implanted on each rat's sciatic nerve for recording and stimulation. A convolutional neural network (CNN) was trained with spatiotemporal signal recordings associated with 3 different states of the hindpaw (dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, and pricking of the heel). After training, firing rates were reconstructed from the classifier outputs for each of the three target classes. A rule-based closed-loop controller was implemented to produce ankle movement trajectories using neural stimulation, based on the classified nerve recordings. Closed-loop stimulation was successfully demonstrated in 6 subjects. The number of successful movement sequence trials per subject ranged from 1-17 and number of correct state transitions per trial ranged from 3-53. This work demonstrates that a CNN applied to multi-contact nerve cuff recordings can be used for closed-loop control of functional electrical stimulation.

Memoryscapes: The Evolution of Sri Lanka’s Aragala Bhoomiya as a People’s Space of Protest

Abstract The ‘aragalaya’ or the ‘people’s struggle’ was perhaps one of the most important and successful movements of Sri Lanka’s long history of democracy. In 2015, democracy prevailed, unexpectedly and against all odds, when Sri Lankans, unsatisfied with their political representation, ‘voted out’ a government. In 2022, just as unexpectedly and for the first time in its history, the people of Sri Lanka ousted a government through mass protest and uprising. The protesters, cutting across socio-economic class and arguably many other barriers, came together and marched to Colombo’s Galle Face Green, in parallel to each other and to each other’s goals. This time, they came to do more than simply oust a government but for an idea of justice, equity, democracy, and system change. This article explores the memories and perspectives of those who ‘lived’ on the protest site and the relationship between memory, place, and the social construction of space, as they reconvened for a memory-mapping exercise in co-creating public histories of the aragalaya (struggle) and the aragala bhoomiya (site of struggle).