Successful Migration Research Articles

Healthcare Data Migration: A Technical Framework for Digital Transformation Success

This comprehensive article analysis explores the critical aspects of healthcare data migration within the context of digital transformation. The article examines the challenges, technologies, and implementation frameworks that healthcare organizations face during migration initiatives. It addresses the complexities of managing diverse medical data types, regulatory compliance requirements, and technical infrastructure needs while maintaining continuous patient care operations. The article investigates enterprise solutions, including VMware vMotion and Dell EMC PowerPath, alongside cloud-native approaches for optimizing migration processes. Through extensive case studies and real-world applications, the article demonstrates the significance of structured planning, quality assurance protocols, and resource allocation in successful migration projects. Furthermore, it evaluates the financial implications and return on investment of migration initiatives while considering future technological trends and strategic recommendations for healthcare organizations undertaking digital transformation journeys. The findings emphasize the importance of a balanced approach between technological advancement and maintaining healthcare service quality throughout the migration process.

The sperm hook as a functional adaptation for migration and self-organized behavior.

In most murine species, spermatozoa exhibit a falciform apical hook at the head end. The function of the sperm hook is not yet clearly understood. In this study, we investigate the role of the sperm hook in the migration of spermatozoa through the female reproductive tract in Mus musculus (C57BL/6), using a deep tissue imaging custom-built two-photon microscope. Through live reproductive tract imaging, we found evidence indicating that the sperm hook aids in the attachment of spermatozoa to the epithelium and facilitates interactions between spermatozoa and the epithelium during migration in the uterus and oviduct. We also observed synchronized sperm beating, which resulted from the spontaneous unidirectional rearrangement of spermatozoa in the uterus. Based on live imaging of spermatozoa-epithelium interaction dynamics, we propose that the sperm hook plays a crucial role in successful migration through the female reproductive tract by providing anchor-like mechanical support and facilitating interactions between spermatozoa and the female reproductive tract in the house mouse.

Determinants of Cloud Computing Adoption Amongst SMEs in the UK Technology Sector

Cloud computing has become a transformative technological model for businesses, offering flexibility, scalability, and cost-effectiveness. However, the embracing of cloud solutions amongst small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), particularly in the UK technology sector, has been varied. This research aims to identify and examine the significant determinants influencing cloud computing adoption among SMEs in this dynamic industry. Grounded in the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework, the study employed a quantitative methodology, surveying 102 SMEs across software development, IT services, and emerging technologies. The findings revealed that technological factors (IT infrastructure compatibility, technical skills), organizational factors (top management support, financial resources, employee readiness), and environmental factors (competitive pressures, industry practices) significantly influenced cloud adoption decisions. Notably, organizational factors emerged as the strongest predictor, followed by technological factors, while environmental factors had a weaker but significant impact. The regression model states that 59% of the variance in cloud adoption is explained. The study provided insights into the evolving priorities and shifts in factor importance between early and later cloud adopters. Recommendations are offered for SMEs, cloud providers, policymakers, and industry bodies to facilitate successful cloud migration journeys for technology SMEs in the UK. This research contributes to the understanding of the factors driving the adoption of cloud computing.

Cloud Migration Analysis for Core System Infrastructure in Financial Services: Study Case PT XYZ

Currently, cloud computing adoption is being utilized in the financial sector for its flexibility and innovative technologies. This study assesses PT XYZ's readiness to migrate its core systems to a cloud environment, which is crucial for maintaining competitive agility and robustness in Indonesia's financial services sector. Focusing on the diffusion of innovations (DOI) model and the technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework, the research examines ten factors influencing PT XYZ's migration strategy. The analysis identifies challenges related to PT XYZ's aging on-premises infrastructure, including server procurement delays and maintenance issues, which impact operational efficiency. Through semi-structured interviews with key IT personnel, this study explores perceptions of the benefits and challenges of cloud computing, as well as regulatory compliance, aiming to guide PT XYZ toward a successful cloud migration that ensures continuity, compliance, and enhanced operational capabilities. The findings contribute to understanding the relative advantages, such as cost savings and security concerns, complexity, compatibility, technology readiness, top management support, firm size, competitive pressure, and regulatory factors. PT XYZ’s decision to migrate aligns with all the factors for cloud computing adoption, with the relative advantage, complexity, compatibility, technological readiness, and top management support being high impacts on the migration decision, while regulatory compliance presents a challenge for the financial services industry in Indonesia].

A systematic multi attributes fuzzy‐based decision‐making to migrate the monolithic paradigm electronic governance applications to new software architecture

SummaryIn the context of electronic governance, traditional monolithic architectures often struggle with the efficient exchange of information and analytics due to their centralized nature. Emerging architectural paradigms such as Service‐Oriented Architecture, Microservices Architecture (MSA), Distributed/Decentralized Technology, and Blockchain Technology offer potential solutions to these challenges. This white paper conducts a literature review to identify the factors influencing the decision to migrate from monolithic systems to these new architectures. By applying a multi‐attribute fuzzy‐based technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), the study evaluates and ranks these architectures based on their ability to meet the requirements of modern electronic governance applications. The results are compared with other ranking multi‐criteria decision‐making techniques like fuzzy analytical hierarchical process and intuitionistic fuzzy TOPSIS (IFTOPSIS). The findings indicate that MSA ranks highest among the available options. Each architecture offers distinct advantages that can address the limitations of traditional systems but also come with challenges. This paper also considers these factors along with a well‐defined strategy and risk management plan essential for a successful migration.

A Simulated Annealing Approach to the Scheduling of Battery-Electric Bus Charging

With an increasing adoption of battery-electric bus (BEB) fleets, developing a reliable charging schedule is vital to a successful migration from their fossil fuel counterparts. In this paper, a simulated annealing (SA) implementation is developed for a charge scheduling framework for a fixed-schedule fleet of BEBs that utilizes a proportional battery dynamics model, accounts for multiple charger types, allows partial charging, and further considers the total energy consumed by the schedule as well as peak power use. Two generation mechanisms are implemented for the SA algorithm, denoted as the “quick” and “heuristic” implementations, respectively. The model validity is demonstrated by utilizing a set of routes sampled from the Utah Transit Authority (UTA) and comparing the results against two other models: the BPAP and the Qin-Modified. The results presented show that both SA techniques offer a means of generating operationally feasible schedules quickly while minimizing the cost of operation and considering battery health.

Thermosensitive chitosan-based hydrogel: A vehicle for overcoming the limitations of nose-to-brain cell therapy

Cell therapy is a promising strategy for treating neurological pathologies but requires invasive methods to bypass the blood–brain barrier restrictions. The nose-to-brain route has been presented as a direct and less invasive alternative to access the brain. The primary limitations of this route are low retention in the olfactory epithelium and poor cell survival in the harsh conditions of the nasal cavity. Thus, using chitosan-based hydrogel as a vehicle is proposed in this work to overcome the limitations of nose-to-brain cell administration. The hydrogelʼs design was driven to achieve gelification in response to body temperature and a mucosa-interacting chemical structure biocompatible with cells. The hydrogel showed a < 30 min gelation time at 37 °C and >95 % biocompatibility with 2D and 3D cultures of mesenchymal stromal cells. Additionally, the viability, stability, and migration capacity of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) within the hydrogel were maintained in vitro for up to 72 h. After the intranasal administration of the OPCs-containing hydrogel, histological analysis showed the presence of viable cells in the nasal cavity for up to 72 h post-administration in healthy athymic mice. These results demonstrate the hydrogel's capacity to increase the residence time in the nasal cavity while providing the cells with a favorable environment for their viability. This study presents for the first time the use of thermosensitive hydrogels in nose-to-brain cell therapy, opening the possibility of increasing the delivery efficiency in future approaches in translational medicine. Statement of significanceThis work highlights the potential of biomaterials, specifically hydrogels, in improving the effectiveness of cell therapy administered through the nose. The nose-to-brain route has been suggested as a non-invasive way to directly access the brain. However, delivering stem cells through this route poses a challenge since their viability must be preserved and cells can be swept away by nasal mucus. Earlier attempts at intranasal cell therapy have shown low efficiency, but still hold promise to the future. The hydrogels designed for this study can provide stem cells with a biocompatible environment and adhesion to the nasal atrium, easing the successful migration of viable cells to the brain.

Transboundary migration of Loxostege sticticalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) among China, Russia and Mongolia.

The beet webworm, Loxostege sticticalis, a worldwide pest of many crops, performs a seasonal migration, causing periodic outbreaks in Asia, Europe and North America. Although long-distance migration is well documented in China, patterns of transboundary migration among China, Russia and Mongolia are largely unknown. We performed a phase analysis of L. sticticalis periodic outbreaks among three countries based on 30 years of historical population data, analyzed the wind systems during migration over boundary regions, and traced the migratory routes in a case study of outbreaks in 2008 by trajectory simulation. Highly synchronized outbreak years of L. sticticalis were observed between China and Mongolia, China and eastern Siberia, China and western Siberia, Mongolia and eastern Siberia, eastern Siberia and western Siberia from 1978 to 2008, indicating possible transboundary migration between these regions. Winds at 300-600 m altitude, where adult migration usually occurs, also showed a high probability of northwestern winds in Haila'er (China), Chita (Russia) and Choybalsan (Mongolia), favoring successful adult migration from these areas to northern and northeastern China. Back trajectory analysis further showed that the first-generation adults that caused the severe outbreak of second-generation larvae in 2008 originated from eastern Siberia, eastern Mongolia, and the boundary regions of China-Russia and China-Mongolia. Our findings demonstrated that the source of L. sticticalis outbreaks in northern China was closely related to the outbreaks in Siberia and Mongolia via long-distance transboundary windborne migration. This information will help guide international monitoring and management strategies against this notorious pest. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Inter-organ differences in redox imbalance and apoptosis depict metabolic resilience in migratory redheaded buntings

Migration, a bird’s metabolic apex, depends primarily on the liver and muscle for fuel mobilization and endurance flight. In migratory redheaded buntings, adaptive increase in mitochondrial membrane (MM) proton gradient to drive ATP synthesis, measured by MM potential (MMP+) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) response, have been well characterized in the blood but not in the muscle or liver. We assessed MMP+, ROS, and apoptosis in the liver and pectoralis muscle of photosensitive nonmigratory (nMig.) male redheaded buntings photoinduced to migratory (Mig.) states. Relative expression levels of genes associated with energy (ACADM, PEPCK, GOT2, GLUT1, and CS), ROS modulation (SIRT1), mitochondrial free-radical scavengers (SOD1, PRX4, NOS2, GPX1, and GPX4), anti-apoptotic genes (NF-κβ), apoptotic (CASP7), and tissue damage using histology, during migration were assessed. The MMP+ decreased and the ROS concentration increased, due to the metabolic load on liver and pectoralis muscle tissues during Mig. However, percentage of apoptotic cells increased in liver but decreased in muscle, which is of functional significance to migratory passerines. During Mig., in muscle, SIRT1 increased, while an increase in anti-apoptotic NF-κβ aided immune pathway-mediated antioxidant activity and guarded against muscle oxidative damage during migration. Inter-organ differences in metabolism add to our current understanding of metabolic flexibility that supports successful migration in buntings.

Intrinsic Epigenetic State of Primary Osteosarcoma Drives Metastasis.

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor affecting the pediatric population with a high potential to metastasize. However, insights into the molecular features enabling its metastatic potential are limited. We mapped the active chromatin landscapes of osteosarcoma tumors by integrating histone H3 lysine-acetylated chromatin state (n = 13), chromatin accessibility profiles (n = 11), and gene expression (n = 13) to understand the differences in their active chromatin profiles and their impact on molecular mechanisms driving the malignant phenotypes. Primary osteosarcoma tumors from patients with metastasis (primary met) have a distinct active chromatin landscape compared with those without metastasis (localized). This difference shapes the transcriptional profile of osteosarcoma. We identified novel candidate genes, including PPP1R1B, PREX1, and IGF2BP1, that exhibit increased chromatin activity in primary met. Loss of PREX1 in primary met osteosarcoma cells significantly diminishes osteosarcoma proliferation, invasion, migration, and colony formation capacity. Differential chromatin activity in primary met is associated with genes regulating cytoskeleton organization, cellular adhesion, and extracellular matrix, suggesting their role in facilitating osteosarcoma metastasis. Chromatin profiling of tumors from metastatic lung lesions shows increased chromatin activity in genes involved in cell migration and Wnt pathway. These data demonstrate that metastatic potential is intrinsically present in primary met tumors, with cellular chromatin profiles further adapting for successful dissemination, migration, and colonization at the distal site. Implications: Our study demonstrates that metastatic potential is intrinsic to primary metastatic osteosarcoma tumors, with chromatin profiles further adapting for successful dissemination, migration, and colonization at the distal metastatic site.

Review of Cloud Migration Strategies: Exploring Advantages, Challenges and Cost Analysis

Cloud migration has emerged as a strategic im- perative for organizations seeking to leverage the scalability, flexibility, and cost efficiencies offered by cloud computing. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of organizational cloud migration strategies, focusing on the advantages, challenges, and cost analysis associated with this transformative process. The study begins by elucidating the conceptual framework of cloud migration, delineating its fundamental principles and terminolo- gies. Subsequently, it delves into the myriad advantages that com- pel organizations to migrate from on-premises infrastructures to cloud-based solutions. These advantages include enhanced scalability, improved resource utilization, and accelerated time- to-market for new initiatives. However, the migration journey is fraught with challenges, ranging from data security concerns to compatibility issues with legacy systems. This paper meticulously examines these challenges and elucidates strategies employed by organizations to overcome them, thereby ensuring a smooth tran- sition to the cloud. Cost analysis constitutes a pivotal aspect of cloud migration decision-making. This study offers insights into the cost implications associated with various cloud deployment models, such as Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS). By conducting a comparative analysis of capital expenditures (CapEx) and op- erational expenditures (OpEx) incurred in both on-premises and cloud environments, organizations can make informed decisions regarding cost optimization and resource allocation. Further- more, the paper explores the critical considerations surrounding data security, regulatory compliance, and vendor selection in the context of cloud migration. Real-world case studies are presented to illustrate successful migration strategies adopted by leading organizations across diverse industries. Keywords —Cloud migration, Cost analysis, Strategies, Re- hosting, Replatforming, Refactoring, Repurchasing, Retiring, Retaining

Interactions between runoff volume, timing, and annual temperatures shape migration phenology of a threatened adfluvial sucker

AbstractMigratory fish species have been particularly impacted by changes to the hydrologic and climatic cues to which migration and spawning behaviours have been adapted across generations. While conservation and recovery programs increasingly implement flow management actions to promote successful migration and spawning, uncertainty regarding how spawning migration phenology responds to changing environmental conditions can limit the ability to effectively target such recovery actions. Here, we use a Bayesian hierarchical modelling framework to analyse spawning migration phenology of individually tagged June suckers (Chasmistes liorus) – a federally threatened, long‐lived, iteroparous, adfluvial species endemic to Utah Lake (Utah, USA) and its tributaries. We then examine how annual hydrologic and thermal conditions relate to different components of annual migration phenology, including peak migration date, in‐stream residence time, and among‐individual variation in migration timing. Peak migration date occurred earlier in years with warmer spring air temperatures (a proxy for water temperatures), though this effect interacted with peak runoff timing. Both residence time and among‐individual variation in migration timing were greater in years with larger spring discharge and later peak flows. Residence time was also longer in warmer years. These results highlight how natural and anthropogenic changes to river flow and thermal regimes are likely to impact June sucker migration timing and duration, and our approach can be applied to other migratory species to identify the external drivers of the different components of migration phenology.

Urban and social resilience—the role of cities and civil society organizations in the Search and Rescue system in the Mediterranean

Search and Rescue (SAR) in the Central Mediterranean has been at the center of the European debate on migration management of the past decade. In response to the challenges posed by maritime rescue operations, European governments have increasingly centralized their efforts through Frontex operations, departing from the previous collaborative framework with SAR NGOs that was established in the aftermath of the Lampedusa shipwreck. The political discourse has predominantly focused on the designation and definition of a Port of Safety, sidelining the imperative need for an effective SAR infrastructure, leading to life-threatening impasses at sea, and also leading to the complete disregard for the agency and will of cities. While the cooperation between governments, cities, and civil society organizations has been at the center of successful decentralized migration management efforts on land, a contrasting trend of centralization and diminished cooperation has emerged at sea in the Central Mediterranean. The article argues that the European Union’s shift from SAR-oriented efforts to border management has resulted in heightened inefficiencies within the Mediterranean SAR infrastructure. This inefficiency is attributed to the diminished collaboration with NGOs and local entities. Utilizing the category of resilience as a theoretical framework of migration management, the article will address the role of cities and NGOs in the creation of a coordinated SAR system in the Mediterranean.

‘My life is not to be called a failure’: how family reputation in the origin affects return considerations among South Asian migrants in the Gulf

ABSTRACT Families are an important factor to consider when trying to understand if and when labor migrants decide to return to the origin. Research has mainly focused on how families provide incentives to return. During the COVID-19 pandemic, however, stories about return migration decisions among male South Asian migrants in the Gulf reveal that families can exert substantial pressure on migrants to stay abroad, even during times of crisis. Using in-depth interviews with migrants in the UAE, returnees and family members between 2020 and 2022, we find that social expectations of migrants to maintain or build family reputation through actions abroad, in the context of broader communities of origin, is a key factor in deterring migrants from returning. Migrants and their families in the origin often seek to continue signaling a successful migration project, particularly by telling stories of entrepreneurial success or of being embedded in the destination through strong and resourceful networks. Returning early from a migration project, even during the pandemic, can be interpreted as a failure and risks negatively impacting the family's reputation. We observe that those who return early, despite family pressure to stay, face significant social sanctions from family and community.

CuPBoP: Making CUDA a Portable Language

CUDA is designed specifically for NVIDIA GPUs and is not compatible with non-NVIDIA devices. Enabling CUDA execution on alternative backends could greatly benefit the hardware community by fostering a more diverse software ecosystem. To address the need for portability, our objective is to develop a framework that meets key requirements, such as extensive coverage, comprehensive end-to-end support, superior performance, and hardware scalability. Existing solutions that translate CUDA source code into other high-level languages, however, fall short of these goals. In contrast to these source-to-source approaches, we present a novel framework, CuPBoP, which treats CUDA as a portable language in its own right. Compared to two commercial source-to-source solutions, CuPBoP offers a broader coverage and superior performance for the CUDA-to-CPU migration. Additionally, we evaluate the performance of CuPBoP against manually optimized CPU programs, highlighting the differences between CPU programs derived from CUDA and those that are manually optimized. Furthermore, we demonstrate the hardware scalability of CuPBoP by showcasing its successful migration of CUDA to AMD GPUs. To promote further research in this field, we have released CuPBoP as an open-source resource.

Evaluating the HYDRASHIFT 2/4 Daratumumab assay: a powerful approach to assess treatment response in multiple myeloma.

This study evaluates the HYDRASHIFT assay's effectiveness in mitigating daratumumab interference on serum protein tests during multiple myeloma (MM) treatment, aiming to ensure an accurate assessment of treatment response. We analyzed 113 serum samples from 68 MM patients undergoing daratumumab treatment, employing both standard IF and the HYDRASHIFT assay. The assay's precision was determined through intra-day and inter-day variability assessments, while its specificity was verified using serum samples devoid of daratumumab. Comparative analysis of IF results, before and after the application of the HYDRASHIFT assay, facilitated the categorization of treatment responses in alignment with the International Myeloma Working Group's response criteria. The precision underscored the assay's consistent repeatability and reproducibility, successfully eliminating interference of daratumumab-induced Gκ bands. Specificity assessments demonstrated the assay's capability to distinguish daratumumab from both isatuximab and naturally occurring M-proteins. Of the analyzed cases, 91 exhibited successful migration of daratumumab-induced Gκ bands, thereby enhancing the accuracy of treatment response classification. The remaining 22 cases did not show a visible migration complex, likely due to the low concentration of daratumumab in the serum. These findings underscore the assay's critical role in distinguishing daratumumab from endogenous M-protein, particularly in samples with a single Gκ band on standard IF, where daratumumab and endogenous M-protein had co-migrated. The HYDRASHIFT assay demonstrates high precision, specificity, and utility in the accurate monitoring of treatment responses in MM patients receiving daratumumab. This assay represents a significant advancement in overcoming the diagnostic challenges posed by daratumumab interference.

Abstract LB211: Genetic complexity in OSCC metastasis: From transcription factors to novel therapeutic targets

Abstract Background: The survival of patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is largely influenced by the extent of locoregional recurrence. Recurrence after standard therapy occurs in about 30% of patients with late-stage OSCC, highlighting the challenge in managing this aggressive form of cancer. The transition of cells from an epithelial to mesenchymal phenotype is a critical event in OSCC invasion and metastasis and is governed by a complex interplay of genes and signaling pathways, with transcription factors such as ZEB1/2 and SNAI1/2 being pivotal players in this process. However, these transcription factors have proven challenging to target therapeutically, and it is likely that additional genes play crucial roles in OSCC pathology. Furthermore, the biology of locoregionally aggressive OSCC cancer cells is poorly understood, and this gap in knowledge is critical to predicting patient outcomes and improving treatment. This lack of understanding underscores the need for further research into identifying the specific molecular mechanisms and genetic factors that drive the locoregional aggressiveness of OSCC. Objective: To evaluate the impact of individual genes on OSCC cell migration, perform a comprehensive analysis of gene-specific effects on cell migration, and develop a valuable platform for the discovery of potential therapeutic targets. Methods: Our lab has created an in vitro model system of “mesenchymal-like” OSCC which exhibits increased migration and chemotherapeutic resistance. Using this model, we generated several cell lines expressing either Cas9 or an activating dCas9. We next transfected genome wide sgRNA libraries. Using a transwell assay platform we are working to identify several key genes necessary for successful cell migration and genes that amplify OSCC cell migratory potential. Results: Our results indicate that OSCC invasion and regional metastasis is a multifaceted process influenced by a network of genes beyond the well-known transcription factors. By subdividing gene expression changes based on E-cadherin protein expression, we are working to therapeutically isolate genes that may be critical during the fleeting transition from an epithelial to mesenchymal phenotype necessary for aggressive OSCC biology. Conclusions: We have identified several genes whose knockout or activation resulted in a significant impact on cell migration, shedding light on potential candidates for therapeutic intervention. The findings from this study will open new avenues for the development of targeted therapies to improve the prognosis of OSCC patients by focusing on previously unexplored genes involved in the invasion and metastatic cascade. Citation Format: Guillermo Flores, Slyn Uaroon, Marisa Buchakjian. Genetic complexity in OSCC metastasis: From transcription factors to novel therapeutic targets [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 2 (Late-Breaking, Clinical Trial, and Invited Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(7_Suppl):Abstract nr LB211.

Recruitment Patterns and Environmental Sensitivity of Glass Eels of Anguilla japonica in the Yangtze Estuary, China.

The decline of Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) populations in the Yangtze River estuary represents a critical conservation concern. Eleven-years of daily catch data during recruitment periods (i.e., January-April, 2012-2022) indicate that annual catch averaged from 153 to 1108 eels, and show a bimodal pattern in glass eel arrivals. Utilizing seasonal-trend decomposition and generalized additive models, we demonstrated a strong correlation between catch abundance, optimal water temperatures, and lunar cycles. An auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model predicts an increase in glass eel numbers for 2023-2024 but also points to a concerning trend of delayed recruitment timing since 2016, attributable to the 0.48 °C per decade rise in sea surface temperatures. This delay correlates with a significant decrease in the average body weight of glass eels, suggesting potential energy deficits that may hinder successful upstream migration. This study not only furthers our understanding of glass eel recruitment dynamics but also underscores the urgent need for targeted conservation measures. Additionally, it highlights the importance of sustained, detailed monitoring to mitigate the detrimental effects of climate change on these eels, vital for preserving the Yangtze River's ecological integrity.

Migrating a Legacy System to a Microservice Architecture

Background: In software engineering, each software product has a life cycle that at some point results in a decision being made with regard to extending its maintenance or upgrading the system to a new platform and architecture via a re-engineering or migration process. However, sometimes this decision is a non-starter; the technical dept accumulates, and platforms cease to exist, meaning that there will always be a time when extending the life support of a legacy system is no longer simply an option, and the service must be modernized. Aim: In this paper, we focus on the migration processes, where a legacy system is updated to a microservice architecture, to understand the current state-of-the-art, applied industry practices and potential pitfalls or research gaps in the topic domain. The study aims to explore previous research to find related trends and expose gaps in the literature. Method: We conducted a systematic mapping study on the research trends within the topic of redesign and re-engineering projects related to microservice architectures to understand what we know about microservices, what the current research trends in the area are, and if possible, what the common nominators for successful migration processes are. Results: Our observations reveal that most microservice migration research is confined to journal articles and conference proceedings. However, a severe fragmentation in publication venues exists within the field. Furthermore, the focus of the research field is primarily on the transformation phase of the re-engineering process, with the majority of the contributions being managerial in nature, particularly of the process type. Additionally, over 50 % of the research conducted is empirical in nature. Conclusion: Based on the results, microservice migration research is maturing well; most of the research is empirical. The research field is scattered. There are notable technical, managerial, and organizational challenges and differing motivations. To better understand the motivations and challenges of the practitioners, we are going to conduct survey and interview studies within this field.

From on-premise to cloud: Evolving IT infrastructure for the AI age

The transition from traditional on-premise IT infrastructure to cloud-based systems represents a fundamental shift necessary for the advancement and implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. This paper explores the critical role of cloud computing in supporting AI, emphasizing its benefits in terms of scalability, flexibility, and cost-efficiency. It examines the limitations of on-premise systems, the advantages of various cloud models (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS), and key considerations for successful cloud migration, such as data security, compliance, and cost analysis. Through a detailed case study of a financial institution's cloud migration for AI implementation, this study highlights the challenges, solutions, and lessons learned in the process. The case study provides practical insights into the phased approach to cloud migration, the use of hybrid cloud solutions as transitional strategies, and the importance of training and skill development for IT teams to ensure business continuity during the transition. Furthermore, the paper discusses future trends in cloud and AI integration, including the impact of emerging cloud technologies like server less and edge computing, and the pivotal role of 5G in enhancing cloud-based AI applications. It predicts the future landscape of cloud and AI integration, emphasizing the increasing adoption of hybrid and multi-cloud strategies, investment in data privacy and security, and the integration of AI with other emerging technologies such as IoT and block-chain. The paper concludes by underscoring the importance of cloud infrastructure in the AI age and calls for businesses to evaluate their cloud readiness to stay competitive in a rapidly evolving digital landscape. By embracing cloud-based solutions, businesses can unlock new opportunities for innovation, efficiency, and growth, positioning themselves at the forefront of the AI revolution.