Successful Culture Research Articles

A novel sacral neuromodulation protocol is associated with reduction in removal for device infection.

Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) has been established as an effective third-line therapy for non-obstructive urinary retention and urinary urgency-frequency syndrome. Device infection, ranging from 2-10%, is a severe complication usually necessitating device explanation. This study sought to demonstrate an infection protocol founded upon established device implantation risk factors and novel approaches to reduce the incidence of device infection, while maintaining good antibiotic stewardship following best practice statements. A single-surgeon protocol was enacted from 2013 to 2022. Preoperatively, nasal swabs were cultured from each patient. If positive for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus or methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, preoperative treatment with intranasal mupirocin was employed. Preoperative cefazolin was administered in patients with negative cultures or MSSA-positive. All protocol patients were given chlorhexidine wipes before surgery and prepped with a chlorhexidine scrub followed by alcohol/iodine paint. Post-procedural antibiotics were not given. Pre-protocol patients from 2011 to 2013 served as controls. Pre-protocol (n=87) patients had a significantly higher rate of device infection compared to protocol patients (n=444) in both the percentage of patients experiencing device infection (4.6% vs 0.9%, p=0.01) and percentage of procedures associated with device infection (2.9% vs 0.5%, p<0.05). A successful culture of the nares was achieved in 91.4% of protocol patients, with 11.6% MRSA-positive. Risk ratio for infection of pre-protocol/protocol patients was 0.19 (0.05-0.77) with odds ratio 5.1 (1.3-20.0). Utilization of a novel SNM infection protocol tailored to a patient's preoperative MRSA colonization is associated with a reduction in the overall incidence of explant for device infection while avoiding prolonged postoperative antibiotic regimens. The study was initiated prior to January 18, 2017 and does not meet the definition of an applicable clinical trial (ACT) as defined in section 402 (J) of the US PHS Act.

Understanding drivers of innovation in information technology companies using a grounded theory approach

PurposeInnovation is a process that enables organizations to sustain and prosper in a competitive business environment. This study aims to understand the key drivers of innovation within organizations from the lens of employees.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a grounded theory approach based on semi-structured in-depth interviews of 20 professionals working in information technology (IT) firms. Judgmental sampling was adopted to select the respondents. Open coding, inductive analysis was conducted on the interview transcripts to generate relevant themes.FindingsEmerging themes indicate that innovation within organizations can be triggered as a response to client requirements or the employees’ inherent urge to innovate. Certain factors such as user engagement, formal organizational processes and practices, informal collaborative practices, the role played by experts and leaders and upskilling were seen to enable innovative outcomes within organizations.Practical implicationsFindings from this study will allow leaders to activate the identified drivers by designing suitable organizational processes and strategies to nurture a successful innovation culture within their teams.Originality/valueThis grounded theory-based study looks at drivers of innovation within IT organizations from the perspective of employees.

Effects of dihydroartemisinin on cardiac fibroblast activity induced by angiotensin II

Dihydroartemisinin is currently now being studied for the treatment of diseases. The mechanism of action of dihydroartemisinin on cardiovascular diseases is unclear. We explored the effect of dihydroartemisinin on the activity of cardiac fibroblasts and the underlying mechanism. The cardiac fibroblasts were divided into blank control group, dihydroartemisinin group, vascular angiotensin II (AngII) group and angiotensin II+dihydroartemisinin group followed by analysis of cell proliferation, Col I and FN levels, and the levels of TGF-β1, α-SMA and IGF-I. The morphology of myocardial fibroblasts was spindle-shaped. Further immunofluorescence staining assessed positive expression of Vimentin of the myocardial fibroblasts and no expression of α-SMA, which confirmed the successful culture of the myocardial fibroblasts. Overexpression of AngII significantly promoted the proliferation ability of mouse cardiac fibroblasts, which was significantly reduced after dihydroartemisinin treatment. As shown by RT-qPCR, TGF-β1, α-SMA and IGF-I levels in AngII mice increased, while their levels reduced after dihydroartemisinin intervention. After overexpression of AngII in cardiomyocytes, cell proliferation and colonies formation increased and decreased after dihydroartemisinin treatment, suggesting that dihydroartemisinin inhibited the growth of cardiomyocytes. It showed that dihydroartemisinin could alleviate the expression of AngII-induced activation markers of mouse cardiac fibroblasts. Therefore, our research confirms that dihydroartemisinin plays an important role in anti-myocardial fibrosis, mainly through regulating the expression of TGF-β1.

Club Mahindra: culture as an enabler of future business strategy

Research methodology The case was developed from both primary and secondary sources. The secondary data was sourced from annual reports, industry reports, company websites and news articles. Primary sources included visiting the Club Mahindra Resorts located at different places, interacting with staff and local people, visiting their corporate office to interact with the CEO. The case has also been tested in a classroom. Case overview/synopsis This case deals with challenges faced by a vacation ownership (VO) company, Mahindra Holidays Resorts India Ltd in articulating the organizational culture of its flagship brand “Club Mahindra.” Club Mahindra had emerged as the major VO company in India in the past two decades on the back of its core product – a 25-year membership plan. The company was growing its offerings to its customers in an environment of changing customer preferences. This case provides the students an opportunity to learn the organizational culture model. The students are expected to use the information provided in the case and exhibits to support their analysis with the primary objective to extract lessons about organization culture to leverage it as a tool to enhance customer satisfaction. Other objectives include understanding the changing business environment and modeling employee behavior during a crisis. Furthermore, the students are expected to validate the model using the artifacts from the crisis management at the Club Mahindra Resorts at Madikeri and Ashtamudi to understand the dynamics of change and the role of culture in organizational success. Complexity academic level At the MBA level, the case can be used to teach the topic of Organization Culture in the core course, Organization Behavior in the first-year curriculum, which is at the macro-level, with “organization” as the unit of analysis. It can also be used to teach the same topic with a stronger application orientation in the One Year Executive Education Program for middle-to-senior managers or short-term Executive Education Modules designed for a similar cohort.

A Systematic Review of the Organizational Culture Change Literature and Future Outlook

This study aims to examine critical success factors and major failure factors in organizational culture change, as well as their practical implications and future trends, by conducting a comprehensive literature review to synthesize key findings in organizational culture research. Our findings reveal that leadership support, effective communication, adaptable structures, and well-designed incentives are crucial for successfully changing culture, while insufficient resources, underestimating risks, and resistance to change contribute to failures. This research offers a fresh perspective on organizational culture change, shedding light on the complex interplay between success factors and potential pitfalls. Limitations of this study include its reliance on qualitative methods, which may introduce subjectivity and limit generalizability. Practically, our findings inform organizations about the importance of addressing success factors, mitigating failure risks, and embracing future trends, such as digital transformation and inclusivity, to ensure successful organizational culture change.

Expansion and characterization of human limbus-derived stromal/mesenchymal stem cells in xeno-free medium for therapeutic applications

BackgroundMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been proven to prevent and clear corneal scarring and limbal stem cell deficiency. However, using animal-derived serum in a culture medium raises the ethical and regulatory bar. This study aims to expand and characterize human limbus-derived stromal/mesenchymal stem cells (hLMSCs) for the first time in vitro in the xeno-free medium.MethodsLimbal tissue was obtained from therapeutic grade corneoscleral rims and subjected to explant culture till tertiary passage in media with and without serum (STEM MACS XF; SM), to obtain pure hLMSCs. Population doubling time, cell proliferation, expression of phenotypic markers, tri-lineage differentiation, colony-forming potential and gene expression analysis were carried out to assess the retention of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of hLMSCs.ResultsThe serum-free medium supported the growth of hLMSCs, retaining similar morphology but a significantly lower doubling time of 23 h (*p < 0.01) compared to the control medium. FACS analysis demonstrated ≥ 90% hLMSCs were positive for CD90+, CD73+, CD105+, and ≤ 6% were positive for CD45−, CD34−andHLA-DR−. Immunofluorescence analysis confirmed similar expression of Pax6+, COLIV+, ABCG2+, ABCB5+, VIM+, CD90+, CD105+, CD73+, HLA-DR−andCD45−, αSMA− in both the media. Tri-lineage differentiation potential and gene expression of hLMSCs were retained similarly to that of the control medium.ConclusionThe findings of this study demonstrate successful isolation, characterization and culture optimization of hLMSCs for the first time in vitro in a serum-free environment. This will help in the future pre-clinical and clinical applications of MSCs in translational research.

The three keys to positivity

Nasreen Najefi Salem breaks down the top three ingredients that make for a positive and successful workplace culture.

Fast and Precise Temperature Control for Axon Stretch Growth Bioreactor Based on Fuzzy PID Control.

A suitable environment is essential for successful long-term cell culturing in vitro. Too high or too low temperature will affect the growth of cells, so we need to maintain the constant temperature of the cell culture environment. Usually, cells are cultured in a cell incubator, and the constant temperature is provided by the cell incubator. Recently, we have developed a multi-channel axon stretch growth bioreactor for rapid acquisition of autologous nerve tissue. Since the motor and controller are placed in the incubator for a long time, the service life of the equipment will be shortened or even damaged due to high humidity and weak acid environment. In order to enable the axon stretch growth bioreactor to culture cells independently, we designed a constant temperature control system for the device. Firstly, the simulation results show that the fuzzy PID control reduces the overshoot and improves the traditional PID control with large overshoot and low control precision. Then, the two control algorithms were applied to the multi-channel axon stretch growth bioreactor by STM32F4 microcontroller. The experimental data show that the fuzzy PID control algorithm has good control effect and can meet the requirement of constant temperature of cell growth. Finally, nerve cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells were successfully cultured in a cell culture amplification chamber under a constant temperature environment provided by a fuzzy PID controller, and well-developed axons could be seen. In the future, we may transplant stretch growth axons into living organisms to repair nerve damage.

Towards a More Realistic In Vitro Meat: The Cross Talk between Adipose and Muscle Cells

According to statistics and future predictions, meat consumption will increase in the coming years. Considering both the environmental impact of intensive livestock farming and the importance of protecting animal welfare, the necessity of finding alternative strategies to satisfy the growing meat demand is compelling. Biotechnologies are responding to this demand by developing new strategies for producing meat in vitro. The manufacturing of cultured meat has faced criticism concerning, above all, the practical issues of culturing together different cell types typical of meat that are partly responsible for meat's organoleptic characteristics. Indeed, the existence of a cross talk between adipose and muscle cells has critical effects on the outcome of the co-culture, leading to a general inhibition of myogenesis in favor of adipogenic differentiation. This review aims to clarify the main mechanisms and the key molecules involved in this cross talk and provide an overview of the most recent and successful meat culture 3D strategies for overcoming this challenge, focusing on the approaches based on farm-animal-derived cells.

Electrotaxis of alveolar epithelial cells in direct-current electric fields

PurposeThis study aims to elucidate the electrotaxis response of alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) in direct-current electric fields (EFs), explore the impact of EFs on the cell fate of AECs, and lay the foundation for future exploitation of EFs for the treatment of acute lung injury. MethodsAECs were extracted from rat lung tissues using magnetic-activated cell sorting. To elucidate the electrotaxis responses of AECs, different voltages of EFs (0, 50, 100, and 200 mV/mm) were applied to two types of AECs, respectively. Cell migrations were recorded and trajectories were pooled to better demonstrate cellular activities through graphs. Cell directionality was calculated as the cosine value of the angle formed by the EF vector and cell migration. To further demonstrate the impact of EFs on the pulmonary tissue, the human bronchial epithelial cells transformed with Ad12-SV40 2B (BEAS-2B cells) were obtained and experimented under the same conditions as AECs. To determine the influence on cell fate, cells underwent electric stimulation were collected to perform Western blot analysis. ResultsThe successful separation and culturing of AECs were confirmed through immunofluorescence staining. Compared with the control, AECs in EFs demonstrated a significant directionality in a voltage-dependent way. In general, type Ⅰ alveolar epithelial cells migrated faster than type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells, and under EFs, these two types of cells exhibited different response threshold. For type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells, only EFs at 200 mV/mm resulted a significant difference to the velocity, whereas for, EFs at both 100 mV/mm and 200 mV/mm gave rise to a significant difference. Western blotting suggested that EFs led to an increased expression of a AKT and myeloid leukemia 1 and a decreased expression of Bcl-2-associated X protein and Bcl-2-like protein 11. ConclusionEFs could guide and accelerate the directional migration of AECs and exert antiapoptotic effects, which indicated that EFs are important biophysical signals in the re-epithelialization of alveolar epithelium in lung injury.

Isolation of Murine Intestinal Mesenchyme Resulting in a High Yield of Telocytes.

The murine small intestine, or colon mesenchyme, is highly heterogenous, containing distinct cell types including blood and lymphatic endothelium, nerves, fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, immune cells, and the recently identified cell type, telocytes. Telocytes are unique mesenchymal cells with long cytoplasmic processes, reaching a distance of tens to hundreds of microns from the cell body. Telocytes have recently emerged as an important intestinal stem cell niche component, providing Wnt proteins that are essential for stem and progenitor cell proliferation. Although protocols on how to isolate mesenchyme from the mouse intestine are available, it is not clear whether these procedures allow the efficient isolation of telocytes. Isolating telocytes efficiently requires special protocol adjustments that would allow dissociation of the strong cell-cell contact between telocytes and neighboring cells without affecting their viability. Here, available intestinal mesenchyme isolation protocols were adjusted to support the successful isolation and culture of mesenchyme containing a relatively high yield of viable single-cell telocytes. The obtained single-cell suspension can be analyzed by several techniques, such as immunostaining, cell sorting, imaging, and mRNA experiments. This protocol yields mesenchyme with sufficiently conserved antigenic and functional properties of telocytes, and can be used for several applications. For example, they can be used for co-culture with mouse- or human-derived organoids to support organoid growth with no growth factor supplementation, to better reflect the situation in the original tissue.

School Heads’ Instructional Supervisory Skills and Teachers’ Performance

The instructional supervisory skills of school heads and the teachers' performance are crucial in fostering a culture of excellence, continuous improvement, and student success within educational institutions. Effective instructional supervision supports teachers in meeting their professional goals, enhances the overall quality of teaching and learning, and contributes to achieving organizational objectives. In this context, this study aimed to determine the instructional, and supervisory skills of public elementary school heads in district IV-B, division of Bacolod City, during the school year 2022-2023. Data for this descriptive study was collected from 139 respondents using a self-made survey questionnaire that has passed the rigorist tests of validity and reliability. The findings indicate a high level of instructional supervisory skills among school heads, consistent performance across demographics, and notable excellence in teachers' performance. Moreover, instructional supervisory skills and teachers' performance remained consistent across most variables, although differences were observed in teachers' performance based on position and educational attainment. Additionally, no significant correlation was found between instructional supervisory skills and teachers' performance. The results call for school heads to prioritize fostering a learning culture through workshops and mentorship programs, encouraging teachers to pursue advanced degrees to elevate their capabilities, and ensuring that schools stay updated with best practices, fostering effective leadership and ultimately enhancing teaching effectiveness across the organization.

Patient-Derived Tumor Organoids Can Predict the Progression-Free Survival of Patients With Stage IV Colorectal Cancer After Surgery.

Recent studies have shown patient-derived tumor organoids can predict the drug response of patients with cancer. However, the prognostic value of patient-derived tumor organoid-based drug tests in predicting the progression-free survival of patients with stage IV colorectal cancer after surgery remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the prognostic value of patient-derived tumor organoid-based drug tests in patients with stage IV colorectal cancer after surgery. Retrospective cohort study. Surgical samples were obtained from patients with stage IV colorectal cancer at the Nanfang Hospital. A total of 108 patients who underwent surgery with successful patient-derived tumor organoid culture and drug testing were recruited between June 2018 and June 2019. Patient-derived tumor organoid culture and chemotherapeutic drug testing. Progression-free survival. According to the patient-derived tumor organoid-based drug test, 38 patients were drug sensitive and 76 patients were drug resistant. The median progression-free survival was 16.0 months in the drug-sensitive group and 9.0 months in the drug resistant group ( p < 0.001). Multivariate analyses showed that drug resistance (HR, 3.38; 95% CI, 1.84-6.21; p < 0.001), right-sided colon (HR, 3.50; 95% CI, 1.71-7.15; p < 0.001), mucinous adenocarcinoma (HR, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.34-4.55; p = 0.004), and non-R0 resection (HR, 2.70; 95% CI, 1.61-4.54; p < 0.001) were independent predictors of progression-free survival. The new patient-derived tumor organoid-based drug test model, which includes the patient-derived tumor organoid-based drug test, primary tumor location, histological type, and R0 resection, was more accurate than the traditional clinicopathological model in predicting progression-free survival ( p = 0.001). A single-center cohort study. Patient-derived tumor organoids can predict progression-free survival in patients with stage IV colorectal cancer after surgery. Patient-derived tumor organoid drug resistance is associated with shorter progression-free survival, and the addition of patient-derived tumor organoid drug tests to existing clinicopathological models improves the ability to predict progression-free survival.

Exploratory Model of Collaboration Networks in the COVID-19 Era

knowledge networks and organizational collaboration reflect a culture of success, transformational leadership and a climate of relationships around which relationships of trust, support, innovation and goals are generated. These are bi-directional and horizontal organizations with equity and solidarity. The objective of the present study is to establish the correlations between the factors, a non-experimental, transversal and exploratory study was carried out with a selection of 300 administrative staff, students and teachers from a public university in central Mexico. to structural model. The results show that there is a dependence relationship between goal climate and collaboration. Based on these findings, research lines related to trust as a determinant of knowledge networks and organizational collaboration are noted.

Strategies for success that led to 99.98% school of nursing retention

Internationally, every year, thousands of students begin their journey in higher education by enrolling in pre-licensure and advanced nursing programs. However, not all students successfully complete their degrees to fruition. According to the National League for Nursing (NLN), the average national dropout rate for nursing programs in the United States is 20%-25%; this high attrition rate is considered problematic. The purpose of this presentation is to present the successes of a School of Nursing within Mississippi that has led to a 0.02% attrition/99.98% retention rate of students within programs. Some strategies proven to be successful in retaining students are: student support services, technical/tech support programs, online and face-to-face orientations, and student connection sessions set up for building peer relationships. Faculty and students are often unaware of the services provided by the institution and their department/school; dissemination of these services is pivotal to facilitating student success. The World Health Organization has predicted a shortage of over 18 million healthcare professionals by 2030, with half of those individuals representing the nursing profession. It is imperative to understand the attrition and retention of nursing students to prevent further loss of the future healthcare workforce. University of Mississippi Medical Center School of Nursing focuses on various processes that contribute to its success for the retention of nursing students at all levels. Percentile of attrition from Summer and Fall 2022 semester enrollment, metrics revolving around student leave, and demographics of the school's programs/state of Mississippi are reviewed in this paper. The success of the SON program in gaining high retention is multifactorial. A detailed outline of how academic affairs, student affairs, and administration work together to achieve a culture of success for students within the School of nursing is presented in this manuscript.

Building successful culture, mission, and vision in dermatology.

Building a successful culture in academic dermatology is necessary now more than ever, but this problem is compounded by the shortage of dermatologists, especially academicians. This dearth of academic dermatologists raises questions about who will train future generations of physicians and who will drive innovative research to advance the field and improve patient care. Recruitment and retention of dermatologists in academia faces steep challenges posed by increasing demands within academic medicine and the draw of the private sector. It is important to address barriers to a career in academia. Efforts should be focused on modifiable aspects of dermatology residency experiences to promote a career in academic dermatology. Of equal importance is the retention of faculty already in academia because midcareer shifts from academic settings to private practice can result in a significant leadership gap.

Mangroves leaves phyllosphere bacteria community and its ability to survive under pyrene stress during the acclimation process

Plants in general and mangroves in particular can harbor hyper-diverse microorganisms in their different compartments including the phyllosphere area. This study used the leaves of three mangrove species; black mangrove (Avicenia germinans), red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) and mangrove apple (Sonneratia alba) in order to evaluate the phyllosphere epiphytic bacterial community on their leaves surface and assess the ability of some epiphytic bacteria to tolerate and survive under pyrene stress. Through the 16S rRNA genes sequencing, 380203, 405203 and 344863 OTUs were identified respectively in the leaves of mangroves apple, black and red mangroves. The identified OTUs was positively correlated with leaves-wax (p < 0.05, r2 = 0.904), nitrogen (r2 = 0.72), phosphorus content (r2 = 0.62) and the water factor (r2 = 0.93). It was however highly and negatively correlated with the canopy cover (r2 = 0.93). The pyrene degradation rate in the mineral salt medium (MSM) containing pyrene as external stress was different in each mangrove species and varied depending on various factors. Therefore, through the succession culture in MSM, several bacteria strain belonging to Rhizobiales and Enterobacteres were found to be abundant in red mangroves. Bacteria belonging to Bacilliales and Sphingobacteriales were more abundant in mangroves apples and bacteria from Xanthomonadales and Sphingomonadales were more presents in back mangroves. The important finding was to reveal that the black mangrove at the non-submerged substrate, recorded the highest number of OTU, coinciding with its highest leaf's nitrogen and phosphorus content and most importantly, its highest rate of pyrene degradation. The general result of this study join previous research results and get place in the mangrove agenda, as part of a better understanding insight into the role of plant identity in driving the phyllosphere epiphytic microbial community structures in mangrove ecosystems.

Bacterial cellulose production by Komagataeibacter hansenii can be improved by successive batch culture.

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a biopolymer principally synthetized by strains of the genus Komagataeibacter. However, high costs and low production yield make large-scale application difficult. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of successive batch culture before fermentation on the ability to increase the capacity of bacterial cellulose biosynthesis by a low-producing strain. The Komagataeibacter hansenii strain ATCC 23,769 was initially cultivated in fermentation broth for two periods of 35 or 56days under static conditions. At the end of each period of time, they were transferred to new broth to be cultivated again (new batch culture cycle) for 35 or 56days and carried out in parallel with a 10-day fermentation to determine the quantity of BC produced. As a result, a greater increase was observed after the end of the second and third batch cultures of 56days (increases of 137% and 187% in relation to the nonbatch cultured strain, respectively). The produced samples presented higher crystallinity and thermal properties but lower water holding capacity. Through this work, it was concluded that the longer the batch culture time was, the greater the increase in the capacity of cellulose biosynthesis, which also depended on the number of successive batch culture cycles carried out.

Understanding Intra- and Inter-Species Variability in Neural Stem Cells' Biology Is Key to Their Successful Cryopreservation, Culture, and Propagation.

Although clinical trials on human neural stem cells (hNSCs) have already been implemented in the treatment of neurological diseases and they have demonstrated their therapeutic effects, many questions remain in the field of preclinical research regarding the biology of these cells, their therapeutic properties, and their neurorestorative potential. Unfortunately, scientific reports are inconsistent and much of the NSCs research has been conducted on rodents rather than human cells for ethical reasons or due to insufficient cell material. Therefore, a question arises as to whether or which conclusions drawn on the isolation, cell survival, proliferation, or cell fate observed in vitro in rodent NSCs can be introduced into clinical applications. This paper presents the effects of different spatial, nutritional, and dissociation conditions on NSCs' functional properties, which are highly species-dependent. Our study confirmed that the discrepancies in the available literature on NSCs survival, proliferation, and fate did not only depend on intra-species factors and applied environmental conditions, but they were also affected by significant inter-species variability. Human and rodent NSCs share one feature, i.e., the necessity to be cultured immediately after isolation, which significantly maintains their survival. Additionally, in the absence of experiments on human cells, rat NSCs biology (neurosphere formation potential and neural differentiation stage) seems closer to that of humans rather than mice in response to environmental factors.

Harmonization and standardization of nucleus pulposus cell extraction and culture methods.

In vitro studies using nucleus pulposus (NP) cells are commonly used to investigate disc cell biology and pathogenesis, or to aid in the development of new therapies. However, lab-to-lab variability jeopardizes the much-needed progress in the field. Here, an international group of spine scientists collaborated to standardize extraction and expansion techniques for NP cells to reduce variability, improve comparability between labs and improve utilization of funding and resources. The most commonly applied methods for NP cell extraction, expansion, and re-differentiation were identified using a questionnaire to research groups worldwide. NP cell extraction methods from rat, rabbit, pig, dog, cow, and human NP tissue were experimentally assessed. Expansion and re-differentiation media and techniques were also investigated. Recommended protocols are provided for extraction, expansion, and re-differentiation of NP cells from common species utilized for NP cell culture. This international, multilab and multispecies study identified cell extraction methods for greater cell yield and fewer gene expression changes by applying species-specific pronase usage, 60-100 U/ml collagenase for shorter durations. Recommendations for NP cell expansion, passage number, and many factors driving successful cell culture in different species are also addressed to support harmonization, rigor, and cross-lab comparisons on NP cells worldwide.