Successful Economic Development Research Articles

Influence of distribution of zakat, Infaq And Shadaqah (ZIS), inflation and human capital on economic growth in Indonesia 2002-2021

Economic growth is one of the standards used to be able to see the success of economic development in a country. Indonesia, as a developing country, is actively carrying out development in a planned and gradual manner, without neglecting efforts for equity and stability. National development seeks to achieve high economic growth. Which in the end allows the realization of an increase in the standard of living and welfare of all people. In other words, a country that experiences high economic growth will be able to have a high effect on other fields, because when a country experiences economic growth, the national income of a country will be boosted up so that it can be allocated for financing economic infrastructure development. This study aims to determine the effect of zakat, infaq and shadaqah (ZIS), inflation and human capital on economic growth. This study uses time series data through data obtained at BPS from 2002-2021 as many as 20 samples with multiple linear regression method with SPSS. The results show that simultaneously zakat, infaq and shadaqah (ZIS), inflation and human capital have an effect on economic growth. Partially zakat, infaq and shadaqah (ZIS) and human capital have an effect on economic growth. Meanwhile, inflation has no effect on economic growth.

Entrepreneurship Education and Digital Marketing for Improving the Welfare of the Community – A Case Study on Gada Village, Gunungsitoli Regency, Nias

Community welfare is an inseparable part of the paradigm of economic development, economic development is said to be successful if the level of community welfare is getting better. Gaps and inequality in people's lives are caused by the success of economic development that is not accompanied by an increase in people's welfare. One of the villages that has the potential for natural and cultural village tourism that can be maximized is Gada Village, located in Gunungsitoli Regency, Nias. Gada Village is one of nine villages located in West Gunungsitoli District, Gunungsitoli City, North Sumatera Province. Data analysis was carried out through PLS-SEM using the Smart PLS 3 program. The results showed that entrepreneurship education had a positive and significant effect on digital marketing. Entrepreneurship education has a positive and significant impact on people's welfare. Digital marketing has a positive and significant impact on people's welfare. Entrepreneurship education has a positive and significant impact on people's welfare through digital marketing.

The Role of Competitive Human Capital in Improving Investment Attractiveness and Business Environment

Human capital is a major asset of modern society. Today, the successful economic development can only be achieved through competitive human capital and its share in national wealth, especially in developed countries, reaches 70-90%. It determines the competitiveness of the economic systems, becomes the main resource for economic growth and development, based on that, the economy of a country becomes more high-technology-, updated information-, innovations-oriented. Therefore, it is necessary to invest equally in all components of human capital, if we want to get a lasting effect. Otherwise, an interesting, relevant business environment for investors can not be created. The corono-economic crisis has shown us the new opportunities, that the solution to the global problems caused by the pandemic, the recovery and development of a stagnant economy can only be achieved by creatively-minded, creative people, or competitive human capital. Keywords: Human capital, investment, competitiveness, innovation.

The effects of financial inclusion on external debt in Africa

This study investigates the effect of financial inclusion on external debt in Nigeria, South Africa, Kenya, and Egypt, using annual time series data from 1990 to 2020. The data was sourced from the World Bank. The variables used in the study are market capitalization of listed domestic companies as a percentage of GDP, external debt stock, current account balance as a percentage of GDP, broad money (M3) as a percentage of GDP, and gross fixed capital formation as a percentage of GDP. The unit root test for stationarity was done using Augmented Dickey Fuller unit root test. The result of the unit root test informed the choice of Long Run Form and Bounds test, and Johansen Cointegration techniques for investigating long run relationships. The result showed the presence of a long run relationship between financial inclusion and external debt for Nigeria, South Africa, Kenya, and Egypt. The result also showed a positive relationship between financial inclusion and external debt. This is because a strong financial system will increase access to external debt because of good credit ratings. Granger causality results showed unidirectional causality from financial inclusion to external debt for only Nigeria and South Africa. More success in economic development can be achieved by focusing on financial inclusion strategies in Africa which would translate into numerous outcomes which include increasing domestic resources and increasing access to external debt with market competitive interest rates.

Regional Economic Development Strategy

Regional economic development is development activity carried out by the local government, especially in the Bengkayang Regency area where development is carried out together with the local community, so that the government can manage and utilize existing resources optimally so that the regional economic development of Bengkayang Regency and the welfare of the local community Bengkayang Regency is better. One of the benchmarks for the success of regional economic development and community services in the region can be seen from the regional economic growth. The purpose of this research is to analyze the regional economic development strategies carried out by the Bengkayang Regency Government in increasing the economic growth of Bengkayang Regency so that it can increase the regional development of Bengkayang Regency. This research was conducted for almost one year and used qualitative research methods with a descriptive approach. The results of this study show the development strategies carried out by Bengkayang Regency in accelerating good development and reducing poverty, namely improving the quality of education, improving the quality of health, improving the quality of religious life, improving the quality of governance, improving the quality and quantity of infrastructure, increasing productivity of regional superior sectors, increased village development, increased development of border areas, and increased environmental sustainability.

Ciencia en transición. El lastre franquista ante el reto de la modernización [Science in transition. The Francoist burden and modernization's challenge] ed. by Lorenzo Delgado and Santiago M. López

Reviewed by: Ciencia en transición. El lastre franquista ante el reto de la modernización [Science in transition. The Francoist burden and modernization's challenge] ed. by Lorenzo Delgado and Santiago M. López Lino Camprubí (bio) Ciencia en transición. El lastre franquista ante el reto de la modernización [Science in transition. The Francoist burden and modernization's challenge] Edited by Lorenzo Delgado and Santiago M. López. Madrid: Sílex Ediciones, 2019. Pp. 386. The title of this edited volume plays with the general meaning of "transition" and the more specific meaning in a Spanish context: the mid-1970s political shift from the Francoist dictatorial regime to the current democratic system. This is thus a welcome incursion in the relatively understudied development of Spain's scientific research system within that political and economic transformation. The book's subtitle contains a strong thesis: the Francoist period (1939–75) constituted a "burden" that prevented Spain from properly facing "modernization's challenge." Modernization occurred. By most indicators, in the 1960s, the Spanish economy experienced one of history's most rapid developments. Yet, as the editors' introduction explains, the Francoist administration failed to meet the economic and political challenges this growth implied. Specifically, the missed opportunity to implement an adequate research and development policy prevented successful economic development. The book's introduction borrows from Thomas P. Hughes's Networks of Power to identify the "reverse salients" that stopped the system moving in the direction system builders expected. In particular, letting growth rest on technology imports eventually made Spanish companies too dependent on foreign machinery and decisions. In addition, the failure to create a critical mass of highly trained scientists and technical workers hampered Spain's productivity and political stability. The editors offer an intriguing comparison—South-Asian dictatorial economies emerging in the same period—which needs further justification and elaboration. There is much to debate here. For historians interested in the intersections of technology and political economy, the Spanish case is particularly productive for exploring the prevailing assumptions that economic growth rests on technological innovation, which in turn depends on investment in scientific research. But even assuming innovation is a universal model (but see Lee and Russell, The Innovation Delusion), describing an entire forty-year period as a "burden" misses some of the book's nuances. Other chapters state that some public enterprises created in the first two decades of Francoism contributed to private growth in the 1960s. Secondary and tertiary education opened up from the elites to large parts of the population, facilitating the creation of a middle class that did ensure certain levels of productivity and political stability. [End Page 554] But the value of this volume lies precisely in its exploratory character. It enables historians of technology to reformulate big questions: Can technology imports occur without innovating adaptations? What are the scientific, technical, and labor conditions for external know-how to have an internal impact? How do we account for science's role in the wider political economy in a context of low public expenditures in science? Individual chapters provide some answers. Chapters 2–5 each look at one major research institution that concentrated most public spending on scientific and technological development during the Francoist period. Most of these four chapters summarize earlier findings. Together, however, they offer a clear picture of areas where research and development did have a significant impact on science and society at large, even though this did not always translate directly into productivity and growth. Four chapters are of particular interest to an international readership (chs. 6–9). They explore how international and diplomatic relations (including trade), particularly with Germany, France, and the United States, impacted Spanish science policy. Hence the book's eye-catching frontispiece: the three Apollo 11 astronauts dressed up as toreros during a visit to Madrid, organized by NASA to celebrate and secure Spanish observation sites for the moon landings. The book then turns to the testimonies of reflective actors involved in the political transition to democratic institutions for science. Caution is of course needed when using primary sources, but these chapters offer valuable reflections on policy, labor, and the growing role of regional governments (chs. 10–13...

An Analysis of Racial Economic Disparity and the Law in the United States

Over six decades have passed since the civil rights movement began in the mid-50s, but American society has not yet fully realized the promise of the civil rights movement, which at its core embodies the protection and promotion of equity and dignity of all people. Despite the historic improvements that accord the legal protection of equal rights among different races, genders, and ethnic groups, significant economic disparity among races persists. The Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. declared, “Now our struggle is for genuine equality, which means economic equality.” However, the pursuit of economic equality has not been successful. Growing racial economic disparity creates serious social, economic, and political problems in American society and pulls America away from the ideals of the civil rights movement. Structural economic problems in the United States, such as persistent income and wealth disparities along racial lines have exacerbated inequality that divides the country. This challenge requires a fundamental paradigm change. Racial economic disparity can no longer be overcome solely by individual efforts and self-reliance. The federal government must address racial economic disparity by facilitating economic development for minorities in close cooperation and coordination with state and local governments, as well as the private sector. Before America can fully meet the objectives of the civil rights movement, this country must achieve successful economic development that bridges racial economic disparity.

Determinants of human development index and Islamic human development index regency/city of Jambi Province 2016 - 2020

The Human Development Index (HDI) is an indicator to measure the success of development in terms of human resources. However, HDI only looks at the physical/material capabilities (Material Welfare/MW). Therefore, to measure the success of economic development by paying attention to the physical/material side and looking at the non-physical/spiritual side (Non-Material Welfare/NW), an Islamic approach is used, namely the Islamic Human Development Index (IHDI). This study compares HDI and IHDI and the determinants that influence them. The results showed that the HDI in Jambi Province was in the medium category and the IHDI in the low category. The national zakat index (ZZN), religiosity index has a positive effect on HDI, and the poverty depth index has a negative effect, while economic growth has no effect. Furthermore, IHDI in the Regency/City of Jambi Province is positively influenced by the NZI, religiosity index, and poverty index, while economic growth has no effect.

ANALISIS FAKTOR PENENTU PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DI TUJUH NEGARA ASEAN PERIODE TAHUN 1996-2013

Economic growth is also one of the most important indicator in determining the standard of living of people in a country, because of an increase in the production capacity of an economy that is manifested in the form of national income. Economic growth is an indication of the success of economic development, measured by comparing, for example, for domestic size, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the current year with the previous year. This study aimed to analyze the factors that affect economic growth in seven ASEAN countries period from 1996-2013. This study use panel data analysis. The factors that affect economic growth in seven ASEAN countries, namely foreign debt, foreign direct investment, and the rate of inflation. Based on panel data analysis of the results showed that the foreign debt has negative effect and significant on economic growth, foreign direct investment has positive effect and significant on economic growth and inflation rate has negative effect and significant on economic growth in seven ASEAN countries period from 1996-2013.

Building Growth Areas in Asia for Development and Peace

A new type of international cooperation has arisen in Asia—economic cooperation between provinces of adjacent countries. While the principal motivation is joint economic development, the peace dividend involves cooperation among the people across borders to establish and strength ties of friendship. Although much funding comes from private investment, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) has been instrumental in identifying many of the most feasible projects. This article identifies one proposed growth triangle, a few that are dormant, and some currently are in operation, providing their historical origins, organizational components, funding, and success in conducting operational projects or promoting peaceful relations among members. To determine which projects have been more successful, variables are identified from the viable projects, testing whether criteria from the rational choice paradigm give a better explanation of success than the community-building paradigm. Results indicate that the two paradigms explain quite different aspects of success. Consistent with the rational choice paradigm, success is more likely when ‘growth area’ organizations have more funding and support from the ADB. As predicted by the community building paradigm, successful ‘growth area’ organizations have support from the leaders of their respective countries and are composed of countries with rough equality in national income. One variable—whether countries involved are democracies—has little impact on either economic development or peace dividend success.

TAX INCENTIVES TO MANAGE LAND AS A NATURAL ASSET

Topicality. Successful economic development of agriculture is one of the components of Ukraine's sustainable development. But this development very often leads to changes in natural and climatic conditions and to increased risks for doing business. Agricultural land is a natural asset and it should be taken into account that the change oflandscapes from natural vegetation to any other use can lead to loss, degradation, and fragmentation of the environment, all of which can have devastating consequences for biodiversity as a source of ecosystem services. Therefore, it is important to find ways to rationally manage the land.Aim and tasks. The purpose of our study was to substantiate the relevance of taxes for the management and rational use of land as a natural asset. As a tool, we consider a tax on crop rotation, which leads to a decrease in soil fertility and the release of carbon from dying plant residues. Crop rotation planning will help reprioritize crop selection, increase fertility and reduce carbon emissions.Research results. The main component of the sustainable development of the agricultural sector is soil fertility. At the same time, land use and agriculture are the main natural agents for reducing air pollution. Today, agriculture accounts for about 20% of greenhouse gas emissions, and humus losses range from 19% to 22% in different natural areas. Considering agricultural land as a natural asset, it should be taken into account that their irrational use leads to a change in natural and climatic conditions and an increase in risks for doing business. We have proposed to introduce carbon crop rotations as a tool for soil quality management. In our opinion, this should contribute to a change in priorities in the choice of agricultural crops, and as a result, an increase in fertility and an increase in carbon sequestration. To stimulate agricultural enterprises, we consider it expedient to introduce a tax on crop rotation. To substantiate this idea, we have created a model for the dependence of CO2 absorption/emission on the yield of various crops and a decision-making model for planning the costs of an agricultural enterprise.Conclusion. We have conducted a study of the relationship between the yield of various crops and the absorption/release of carbon dioxide. We put forward a hypothesis: there is a certain relationship between the yield of different crops and the balance of absorption/release of CO2. We have studied this connection. The model of dependence of CO2 uptake/emission on the yield of different crops shows that the ability to release carbon by plant residues of different agricultural crops has both a direct and inverse relationship with the yield of various crops. We have developed a decision-making model for planning the costs of an enterprise, subject to planning for environmental risks or paying a tax on carbon crop rotations. Thus, the problems of land use as a natural asset in agriculture can be solved by: the introduction of carbon crop rotations, which should help change priorities in the choice of agricultural crops, and the introduction of a balanced and evidence-based approach to the development and implementation of environmental taxes.

Indigenous Nations and the Development of the U.S. Economy: Land, Resources, and Dispossession

Abundant land and strong property rights are conventionally viewed as key factors underpinning U.S. economic development success. This view relies on the “Pristine Myth” of an empty undeveloped land, but the abundant land of North America was already made productive and was the recognized territory of sovereign Indigenous Nations. We demonstrate that the development of strong property rights for European/American settlers was mirrored by the attenuation and increasing disregard of Indigenous property rights. We argue that the dearth of discussion of the dispossession of Indigenous nations results in a misunderstanding of some of the core themes of U.S. economic history.

Territories development tax incentives

Nowadays, the regions of the Russian Federation are developing extremely unevenly. The fiscal mechanism and its major part – the tax incentives for economic entities activities, operating in regions and municipalities, play a special role in the successful territories’ development provision. The importance and relevance of the territories tax incentives is due to the necessity to solve the set tasks for the regional economy sustainable development, identify and effectively implement the tax potential in the territories, and it is complicated by the fact that, according to Rosstat, ¼ of the country’s population, living in municipalities and rural settlements, according to established practice, experiencing more financial difficulties than the rest of the population. The existing fiscal mechanism does not create incentives for the successful regional development, especially municipalities, which ultimately does not ensure the country’s successful economic development as a whole. It is impossible to change the situation without creating an effective taxation mechanism.

Revisiting Minjung: New Perspectives on the Cultural History of 1980s South Korea

Revisiting Minjung: New Perspectives on the Cultural History of 1980s South Korea

PENGARUH TINGKAT KEMISKINAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DALAM PERSPEKTIF ISLAM

Economic growth is a necessary condition for poverty reduction. The adequacy condition is that the growth is effective in reducing poverty. This study aims to determine the level of poverty that is affected by the COVID-19 pandemic which causes an increase in the poverty rate in Indonesia which affects the rate of economic growth. This research is a qualitative research with a descriptive approach method. With data collection techniques using library techniques or library research. Through research, it is hoped that the poverty rate can be reduced so that it affects the rate of economic growth with economic growth as an indication of the success of economic development

Analisis Pengaruh Jumlah Industri, Nilai Investasi, Dan Nilai Produksi Terhadap Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja Sektor Industri Kecil Dan Mikro Di Jawa Timur

The economic development of a country or region is basically closely related to human resources, natural resources, technology, capital, and others. The role of humans is very important to manage, develop and develop their regions both economically and with workforce readiness. The success of regional economic development can be measured by high economic growth and increased employment. The economic growth approach is widely used in several regions in developing regional economic sectors which are expected to increase employment. The absorption of Regency and City workers in East Java shows that they are in the medium category, the lowest employment is in Batu City as many as 20,000 workers throughout 2016-2020. The number of IKM, Regency and City businesses in East Java is in the medium category, namely 18 districts and cities from 37 districts and cities. There are 8 districts and cities in the high category where the largest number of IKM companies are in Malang district with a total of 39,970 companies. Meanwhile, judging from the investment value in the medium category, only Malang and Surabaya regencies are included in the high category. And the production value there are 5 districts and cities with a high category where Malang Regency is one of the largest with an average of 8.177.

Review of Marginal Oil Resources in Highly Depleted Reservoirs

The term “marginal oil resource” refers to an oil reservoir that has hydrocarbon resource preservation but cannot meet the criteria of resources under the U.S Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) standards. When oilfields step into their late life, most of their economic petroleum reserves have been well developed, and their focuses need to be switched to their intact marginal resources. In this paper, reservoir characteristics and key petrophysical properties of marginal oil resources are introduced to classify marginal oil resources into four types for identifying potential development opportunities. Primary recovery and its following development strategy are applied to fully utilizing their economic returns. Waterflooding, low salinity waterflooding (LSW) and enhanced oil recovery processes are reviewed to illustrate its potential uplift on oil production and application challenges such as higher clay content in marginal resources than in commercial reservoirs. An oilfield is presented as a case study to demonstrate the classification of marginal resources and illustrate successful economic development including learnings and challenges. This paper highlights the development potential of marginal resources and proposes a clear guidance for policy makers on how to tailor a development strategy supporting their economic development. This review could increase certainty on forecasting performance of marginal resources.

ANALISIS INTERRELATIONSHIP ANTARA IPM DAN POLUSI LINGKUNGAN DI INDONESIA

HDI (Human Development Index) shows the quality of a society and success in social and economic development. However, as development progresses, concerns arise about the exploitation of energy use and eventually raise various environmental problems, one of which is the excess of carbon dioxide gas in the air. Therefore, this study aims to determine the causality relationship between HDI (Human Development Index) and environmental pollution in Indonesia as measured by variable carbon dioxide emissions and energy use in 1990-2020. The study used time series data and tested Vector Autoregression using the Eviews ten app. Var test results showed no causality between HDI (Human Development Index) and energy use and carbon dioxide emissions. However, in the long term, HDI is predicted to impact environmental pollution, especially air pollution. This means that the increasing quality of human resources and development does not guarantee that environmental pollution will be reduced. Then we need sustainable development

Social Capital in Energy Enterprises: Poland’s Case

Social capital is currently perceived as one of the basic factors of economic development and economic success of enterprises. However, while there is already much research on social capital in enterprises, there has been little such research in the energy industry. The aim of the publication is to fill the gap in this regard. The basic question that the authors try to answer is whether there is a higher level of capital in energy companies compared to other industries, and if so, what the reasons are for this. Apart from answering this question, the authors present their own method of measuring the level of this capital. The first part of the article presents the results of a study on the level of social capital in Polish energy companies, whereas the second part compares the levels of social capital in energy companies and industrial companies in other sectors. According to the study, energy companies generally have higher levels of social capital than companies in other industries. It has been found, however, that individual forms of capital that comprise social capital differ. The most significant differences were observed in relational capital, followed by cognitive capital at a lower value and structural capital at the lowest. The survey also revealed that there is a difference in social capital levels among the researched professional groups: management, administration, and production.

ВАГОВІ СИСТЕМИ ДАВНІХ ЦИВІЛІЗАЦІЙ МОНГОЛІЇ ТА ТИБЕТУ

Ancient Mongolian and Tibetan civilizations have appeared in the mountainous areas, steppes and deserts of a huge region of the Earth, Central Asia. Their advent was preceded by a lengthy process of developing social relationships, material and spiritual culture of various peoples who lived in those lands. In ancient times, the forebears of Mongolian and Tibetan peoples were hunters and gatherers, and later on, they began breeding livestock and as a result, adopted nomadic lifestyle. To the southeast of this region, Chinese civilization has been developing during five thousand years in the valleys of the Yangtze and the Yellow River based on land cultivation, and later artisan and trade economy. The first political entities in the Far East – China, Korea and Japan – have created unified measures of length, weight and volume, without which successful economic development was impossible. Natural conditions of particular regions of the Earth largely define material and spiritual culture of their population. In addition, natural factor significantly influences the processes of social and political development in the countries that have appeared and asserted themselves in those regions over time. Mongolia is mostly a steppe and desert country, but nevertheless, the average elevation of its terrain over sea level is almost 1550 meters. The Mongolian territory includes four mountain ranges: the Altai, Sayan, Khangai and Khentii Mountains. In terms of the size, Mongolia’s Gobi Desert is the second-largest on the Earth, after the Sahara. Tibet also represents a huge plateau, surrounded by mountain ranges with deep valleys. Since Mongolia and Tibet are located far away from oceans and high above sea level, they have a dry and extreme continental climate. In certain areas of Mongolia, temperatures in wintertime can drop to 60 degrees centigrade below freezing, and in summertime, can reach 45 degrees above zero. In turn, climate in Tibet changes depending on elevation: close to subtropical in deep valleys and resembling tundra climate in highlands. Harsh climatic conditions did not favor fast growth of manufacture and trade in the lands of Mongolia and Tibet. This factor seriously impeded the process of creating their own systems of measurement, particularly systems of weight. In Mongolia, Manchuria and Tibet, political entities established on the basis of military democracy have appeared later than in the Far East. Afterwards, Mongolia and Tibet have developed into theocracies governed by Buddhist clergy. For millenniums, the influence of material and spiritual culture of China and other Far Eastern civilizations on political entities in Central Asia was very significant. However, having borrowed extensively from the Chinese system of measurement, Mongolia and Tibet have created their own systems of measurement. Mongolia’s and Tibet’s own systems of weight reflected the way manufacture and trade were organized in those lands. This article analyzes the degree of influence Chinese measures have had on formation of Mongolia’s and Tibet’s systems of weight, and determines the degree of their uniqueness. It also determines the scope of Mongolia’s and Tibet’s particular units of weight and the ratio between them in the structure of the systems of measurement.