Successful Innovation Research Articles

Transformational leadership in SMEs: Driving innovation, employee engagement, and business success

In the dynamic and competitive landscape of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), transformational leadership has emerged as a pivotal factor in driving innovation, enhancing employee engagement, and achieving business success. This review explores the critical role of transformational leadership in SMEs, emphasizing how visionary leaders can inspire and motivate their teams to embrace change, foster creativity, and deliver superior performance. Transformational leadership is characterized by the ability to articulate a compelling vision, inspire trust, and encourage employees to exceed their usual performance levels. Leaders who adopt this style are adept at identifying and nurturing talent, fostering a culture of continuous improvement, and encouraging a proactive approach to problem-solving. By prioritizing open communication, empathy, and support, transformational leaders create an environment where employees feel valued and empowered to contribute their best efforts. In the context of SMEs, where resources may be limited, the ability to innovate and adapt quickly is crucial for survival and growth. Transformational leaders play a key role in facilitating innovation by promoting a culture that values creativity and risk-taking. They encourage employees to think outside the box, experiment with new ideas, and learn from failures. This approach not only leads to the development of innovative products and services but also enhances the overall competitiveness of the enterprise. Employee engagement is another critical area where transformational leadership makes a significant impact. Engaged employees are more committed, productive, and aligned with the company’s goals. Transformational leaders achieve high levels of engagement by providing clear direction, recognizing and rewarding contributions, and offering opportunities for personal and professional growth. This, in turn, reduces turnover rates and enhances organizational stability. The success of SMEs under transformational leadership is evidenced by improved financial performance, higher employee satisfaction, and increased market share. By fostering a culture of trust, innovation, and engagement, transformational leaders drive sustainable business success and position their enterprises for long-term growth. In conclusion, transformational leadership is a vital ingredient for the success of SMEs. By driving innovation, enhancing employee engagement, and ensuring business success, transformational leaders provide the strategic vision and motivational force necessary to navigate the complexities of today’s business environment.

Enhancing Innovation Performance through Business Process Innovation: The Strategic Role of External Collaboration

Purpose: This research examines the effects of collaboration with external firms on innovation performance, with a specific focus on the mediating influence of business process innovation. The objective is to explore how external collaborations contribute to improving innovation performance by facilitating internal process innovations, enabling firms to effectively convert external knowledge into practical innovation results. Design/methodology/approach: Utilizing data from the Korean Innovation Survey (KIS), this research utilizes lo-gistic regression analysis to test the hypotheses concerning the relationships between external collaboration, business process innovation, and innovation performance. It measures innovation performance associated with product in-novation and assesses collaboration with external firms via a survey. Findings: The results demonstrate that external collaborations enhance innovation performance, emphasizing the value of external knowledge and the pivotal role of business process innovation in transforming this knowledge into tangible outcomes. This highlights the critical need to refine internal processes to maximize the benefits of external partnerships. Research limitations/implications: This study is limited by its focus on small and medium-sized enterprises in South Korea's manufacturing sector, so it may not fully represent the dynamics in other countries or sectors. Future research should explore the influence of external knowledge on firm performance across diverse contexts. Originality/value: This research contributes to the existing literature by highlighting the pivotal role of business process innovation as a key mediator in integrating external collaboration into firms' innovation strategies. By pro-viding empirical insights into the innovation practices of South Korean firms, it enriches the global discourse on innovation management. This study's integration of open innovation, firm attributes, and business process innovation into a unified analysis offers a comprehensive perspective on the factors influencing innovation success and under-scores the importance of internal processes in maximizing the benefits of collaboration with external firms.

Striking the balance: Assertiveness training for constructive workplace conversations in India

ABSTRACT The Assertiveness Training Program seeks to cultivate a balanced and constructive approach to workplace communication, empowering participants with the skills needed to navigate conversations effectively. Recognizing the delicate equilibrium between Assertiveness and empathy, the program emphasizes the importance of expressing one’s thoughts and needs assertively while fostering a collaborative and understanding atmosphere. An assessment is conducted for 50 employees on their Assertiveness Level and Leadership Competencies. The participants were asked to answer a questionnaire (Assertiveness and leadership competencies) before the beginning of the group training. Assertiveness. Tools: Rathus Assertiveness Schedule. Through a series of engaging workshops (8 Sessions) for employees with practical exercises, participants strike the right balance between Assertiveness and Active Listening, enabling them to communicate with confidence and receptivity. The program aims to equip individuals with tools to address conflict, provide constructive feedback, and build stronger professional relationships. By mastering the art of striking this balance, participants contribute to a workplace culture where open and respectful dialogue thrives, creating an environment conducive to innovation, teamwork, and overall organizational success.

The Important Role of Management Accounting in Optimizing Cost Control and Improving Profitability in the Service Sector

Management accounting plays a very important strategic role in improving the profitability of the service sector. Its function goes beyond the mere recording of financial transactions to include analyzing and managing operational costs with a critical and in-depth approach. Through techniques such as activity-based costing, companies can accurately identify key cost sources and implement more effective control measures. The results of this analysis allow companies to set more competitive prices, increase profit margins, and maximize operational efficiency. Management accounting provides data and insights that are essential for strategic decision-making. Accurate information on financial and operational performance enables management to assess the effectiveness of various business initiatives, including new product development and market expansion. This critical analysis helps identify areas where efficiency can be improved and costs can be reduced, thereby supporting long-term strategies for sustainable growth. The integration of management accounting principles into the operational strategies of service companies enables them to face the challenges of a dynamic market, improve competitiveness, and achieve sustained profitability. Management accounting not only helps in cost control but also makes a significant contribution in improving the quality of decision making and strategic planning. A suitable approach for companies can achieve better financial and operational goals, ensuring sustainability and steady growth in an increasingly competitive business environment. Management accounting, thus, is a tool that not only supports efficiency but also encourages innovation and strategic adaptation critical for long-term success.

Natural Experiments and Causation in Strategy Research

Research to inform organizational strategy decisions studies the impact of specific managerial decisions on performance. While links from decisions to outcomes can be convincingly identified in individual, specific circumstances, trying to do the same with a larger set of decisions and outcomes can be problematic. In a situation with a substantive sample, relying on standard metrics such as financial statements, the link to particular outcomes can be difficult to establish. Especially when trying to choose metrics not already correlated in some way. Our research is generally in the field of knowledge management (KM). The discipline has an extensive history of attempts to link better management of knowledge and other intangibles to performance outcomes. While the performance outcomes are fairly straightforward (financial success such as profitability or return on investment, innovation success, etc.), the metric for knowledge management is harder to pin down. The literature shows dozens of approaches. Some are for single firms or a small sample, but even if focusing only on metrics for a larger sample of firms, disagreement exists. But even when a KM metric is chosen for a larger sample, there is often a direct tie between input and output measures, making correlation difficult to establish, let alone causation. If profitability is part of both the input and output measures, of course they are correlated. The most advanced statistical techniques don’t establish anything more than what the researcher should already know from a cursory look at the logic of the study and the specifics of the variables. As a result, whether KM actually results in better organizational performance is still an open and much debated question in the field. One research approach that can get around this issue is the natural experiment. Pioneered by Nobel winner David Card and others, the natural experiment uses two measurements with a clear, consequential event separating the two—minimizing the impact of samples that might otherwise be connected contemporaneously. The event, such as a change in law, provides a change in circumstances delinking the measures. Whether structured as a pre/post experiment (measuring before or after the intervening event) or control/experimental group experiment (one group exposed to the event, the other not), the outcome can provide convincing results and can even suggest causation. This paper will cover our work with natural experiments in relation to KM and performance outcomes for merger and acquisition (M&A) activity. Can KM metrics before an M&A event predict the success of the event? Success can be defined by the change in financial performance after the event takes place.

Analysis of Innovation and Technology in Banking

As proven by both private and public banks, IT-enabled innovation has had a substantial influence on a range of industries, including banking. These financial institutions value innovation and have achieved success as a consequence of technical breakthroughs. The increased competitiveness has compelled all players to act more rapidly. As a result, public sector banks have experienced substantial transformations, and consumers are now confronted with a slew of new options. These banks, which previously depended on traditional methods, are now proactively getting out to the public through billboards, FM radio, and other media outlets. In addition, endorsements from famous people are becoming more common in government entities. The widespread usage of basic banking processes has increased banks' need to innovate. Client satisfaction increases as a consequence in both public and private banks. The study's purpose is to investigate how new technology affects customer satisfaction in Bhopal's public and commercial banks. Customer data obtained from these banks was reviewed, with substantial results. In terms of innovative successes, private banks outscored state banks, according to the poll. Rising banking rivalry is widely considered to have had an immediate influence on how financial institutions prioritize customer-oriented operations and define company goals. Considering the significance of technology and innovation in the modern economy for strategic management, business development, and economic success, new approaches to understanding the relationship among technological innovation and financial services are critical. These unique strategies are required for gaining an advantage over the competition. With this in mind, the goal of this study is to investigate the basic implications of technological innovation on financial services at the bank's location level, specifically through an examination of customer-facing staff input. According to the findings, information and communication technology is critical to the sector's performance. The paper also examines the empirical study's practical implications, strengths, and limitations.

Consumers’ acceptance and willingness to pay for enriched foods: Evidence from a choice experiment in Italy

Over the last decades, consumer has evolved becoming increasingly responsible, showing a preference for those foods having a positive impact on health, society and environment. In particular, consumers are showing an increasing interest in food innovation and towards foods capable to produce health benefits, such as enriched foods, which can be considered as functional foods. As consumer acceptance is crucial to the success of food innovation, this study aims to investigate consumers’ acceptance for two innovative enriched foods: extra virgin olive oil enriched with longchain Omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA), and a lutein-enriched durum wheat pasta. To achieve study's aim, a choice experiment has been realized, also to detect consumers’ WTP. The analysis involved 445 Italian consumers. Results show that price represents the attribute that most of all is able to affect consumers’ utility, followed by the presence of the functional element. Furthermore, the analysis also shows consumers’ WTP a price premium for the functional attribute, for both products considered in the study. Such results highlight useful insights for practitioners and outlines new perspectives for future research.

Conceptual Framework of Factors Enhancing Sustainability-oriented Innovations

Sustainable innovations offer opportunities to address environment and social concerns along with ensuring economic gains. To harness this opportunity, organisations require relevant organisational and strategic skills. This study uses a semi-systematic literature review combined with content analysis to identify and synthesise 87 peer-reviewed research papers and create a comprehensive conceptual framework of internal firm factors that enhance sustainability-oriented product and process innovations in an organisation. It identifies 10 variables that incorporate the four broad factors required for successful sustainable innovation performance, namely, requisite resources and capabilities, conducive organisational structures and processes, a culture that promotes sustainable innovations and leadership that is committed to sustainability goals. The framework provides a comprehensive and structured perspective on the internal factors promoting sustainable innovations, and, therefore, gives practical insights to organisations in their sustainability journey.

The Influence of Company Innovation Strategies and Organizational Culture on Employee Performance

One of the key factors in creating competitive advantage is the company's innovation strategy. An effective innovation strategy can help companies identify new business opportunities, develop innovative products or services, and improve employee performance. In the current era of increasingly fierce competition and globalization, innovation is very important for business success and continuity. Companies that use a successful innovation approach can gain competitive advantage, improve operational efficiency, and meet changing market demands. In that context, this thesis aims to examine the influence of company innovation strategy (X1) and organizational culture (X2) on employee performance (Y) at a family corporate. This research uses a quantitative method using a questionnaire as a data collection instrument. Data obtained from 92 employee respondents at a family corporate were analyzed using multiple linear regression techniques to determine whether a dependent variable is influenced by one or more independent variables. The research results show that the significance value of the Innovation Strategy variable is 0.037, which is smaller than the significance level which is generally set at 0.05. This implies a partially significant influence between Innovation Strategy and Employee Performance. In other words, the Innovation Strategy variable makes a significant contribution to variations in Employee Performance. These findings provide a strong basis for concluding that organizations need to pay attention to and strengthen the implementation of Innovation Strategy as part of a broader management strategy. Therefore, an appropriate approach is needed in an effort to improve employee performance, so that all PT Rise Jaya employees can understand the innovation strategy and organizational culture so that they can be even better in the future.

The future of work: a symbiotic balance of technology and interpersonal skills

PurposeThe article explores the evolving nature of the workplace, emphasising the importance of soft skills alongside technological proficiency for organisational success and employee retention.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative approach to examine the role of soft skills in the contemporary workplace, drawing insights from the ADP People at Work 2023 report and expert opinion to highlight the significance of interpersonal competencies in driving collaboration, innovation and employee loyalty.FindingsThe findings underscore the pivotal role of soft skills in fostering cohesive work environments, enhancing employee engagement and mitigating turnover rates. It emphasises the need for organisations to prioritise the development of soft skills through recruitment, training and performance management initiatives to achieve sustained success in a dynamic business landscape.Originality/valueThe article contributes to the existing literature by synthesising insights from various sources to advocate for the integration of soft skills into organisational practices. It highlights the strategic imperative for HR leaders to embed soft skills into recruitment processes, training initiatives and performance management practices to nurture a culture of resilience, innovation and collective success in the modern workplace.

EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT PRACTICES AND THEIR IMPACT ON STARTUP GROWTH: PERCEPTION OF AHMEDABAD ENTREPRENEURS

India's startup ecosystem has rapidly evolved, becoming a global hub of innovation and entrepreneurship. Employee engagement practices are pivotal for startups in this competitive landscape. Engaged employees are more productive, innovative, and committed, contributing significantly to the startup's success. Effective engagement strategies, including clear communication, recognition, professional development, and a positive work environment, are essential for fostering a motivated and high-performing workforce. This study examines the role of employee engagement practices in driving the growth of startups, focusing on the perceptions of 100 startup owners in Ahmedabad city. The research aims to analyze how startup owners perceive the impact of employee engagement on productivity, innovation, and overall success. Additionally, it explores the relationship between the demographic profiles of startup owners and their views on employee engagement. Findings indicate a strong belief among startup owners that high employee engagement significantly enhances productivity, fosters innovation, and positively influences startup growth. The study also reveals that demographic factors, such as age and experience, shape these perceptions. These insights underscore the necessity for startups to prioritize robust employee engagement strategies to achieve sustained growth and competitive advantage.

Аnalysis and systematisation of the influence of risks on the innovation and investment activities of the enterprise in the conditions of post-conflict transformation

Despite the fact that the situation in Ukraine's economy remains challenging, as the economic environment does not create reliable preconditions for economic growth, economic and social problems continue to persist, deepen and exacerbate. The country's economy is currently characterized by a pronounced raw material-based economy with an underdeveloped manufacturing industry. Ensuring qualitative transformational changes in the economy is not possible without consistent capital accumulation of enterprises on a simple and expanded basis. The tools used by domestic enterprises (traditional instruments and methods) to manage innovation and investment activities are imperfect, as they do not allow timely identification and forecasting of possible risks, accurate assessment of the decline in innovation and investment potential and economic sustainability of enterprises. Identification of the cause and effect relationships of crisis phenomena ensures the implementation of the anti-crisis management mechanism in a transformational economy. For successful innovation and investment activities of an enterprise in the context of post-conflict transformation, a qualitative analysis and systematization of the impact of risks is necessary. The aim of the article is to analyze and systematize the impact of risks on the innovation and investment activity of enterprise in the context of post-conflict transformation. To achieve this goal, all types of risks of innovation and investment activity were systematized according to certain features and depicted schematically. The article analyses approaches to risk definition, investment risks, innovation risks, specific risks, innovation risks according to the subject of innovation, and risks of entrepreneurial activity. It is noted that the analysis of risk impact contributes to the further development of the theory of riskology. It is concluded that systematization of the impact of risks on the innovation and investment activities of enterprise in the context of post-conflict transformation is necessary to formalize the risk management processes at enterprises. The author notes that in the context of military conflict and post-conflict transformations, new types of risks may arise, so this issue requires further research.

Place-based innovation for sustainable and resilient human systems

This paper critically examines fail-fast culture and its compatibility with fragile contexts. It argues that to address complex global challenges, a nuanced ‘fail well’ approach is required. Drawing on the Gothenburg innovation ecosystem—among others—the paper highlights the importance of fostering partnerships between industry, government, non-government organisations, and higher education institutions to prepare emerging innovators for uncertain futures. Cross-sector cases emphasise the need for place-based, collaborative innovation, highlighting that successful innovation is non-linear and emerges through dynamic social processes and contextual influence. It calls for a shift in education towards inclusive, bidirectional pedagogies that integrate sustainability principles and systems thinking across disciplines. The paper concludes by advocating for a shift towards regionally focused, inclusive innovation cultures that prioritise context and community well-being over pursuing only economic goals. This approach is crucial for ensuring safe and just futures in the face of mounting global challenges.

The Application of an Unplugged and Low-Cost Children’s Coding Education Tool in a Gamification Context

Coding education has become a compulsory course for cultivating children’s computational thinking, and its tools in a gamification context can further enhance children’s learning enthusiasm. Through the literature review, the researchers identified gamification, unplugging, and low cost as important design requirements for children’s coding education tools. In order to verify the effectiveness of teaching design, this study specially developed a gamified coding education tool, “Coding Adventure,” which allows child learners to take on gamified roles in real-life scenarios and use instruction cards to complete tasks. While testing the prototype in the on-site teaching environment, the researchers invited 12 kindergarten and elementary school teachers to observe the testing process. Then, they formed a focus group discussion to obtain their feedback on the education tool using MAXQDA software for qualitative analysis. According to the results, teacher participants generally recognize the design concepts of gamification, unplugging, and low-cost, and believe that role-playing and rewards in gamification, as well as the use of safe and simple materials to match the existing teaching environment of the school, are successful design innovations. In addition, gamified storytelling has also been proven to enhance students’ team communication using this prototype. Overall, this study proves the effectiveness of the design concepts of gamification, unplugged and low cost on the perceived usefulness and ease of use of the coding education tool system under the Technology Acceptance Model theory framework. These student-centered design concepts will provide valuable experience for the further development of unplugged coding education tools.

Understanding the role of ‘sense of place’ in the production and consumption of innovation districts

ABSTRACT Innovation districts are purposefully designed places that unite businesses, research institutions, local communities, and cultural assets in one bounded location. While providing numerous benefits, the ultimate outcome of a successful innovation district is the creation of a robust, collaborative, and sustainable innovation ecosystem. Despite their importance, academic comprehension of innovation districts as dynamic places, particularly the relationship between person and place, remains limited. Accordingly, this research addresses this gap by exploring innovation districts through the theoretical lens of sense of place. In doing so, this paper seeks to reframe the understanding of the person-place relationship by drawing on concepts including place attachment, place identity, place dependence, and social bonding. An original propositional framework is introduced, which positions sense of place of an innovation district as an outcome of established (place dependence, place identity, place attachment) and emerging (functional, cognitive, and affective social bonding) place dimensions. Furthermore, the framework delineates critical developmental stages and anticipates innovative and social outcomes associated with these districts. Conceiving sense of place within innovation districts as a holistic consequence of their design, management, and utilisation not only enhances these districts’ economic and social vitality but also ensures their sustainability and resilience in the face of changing economic and social conditions.

Business Model Innovation for Sustainable Multifunctional Land Management in Abandoned Rural Areas: A Case Study

The issue of the future of abandoned agricultural land has become a prominent topic of discussion in contemporary scientific research and political discourses, especially considering the unique contribution of new-generation entrepreneurs to innovations in rural areas. The research increasingly provides evidence of how they serve as founders and catalysts of unconventional and often audacious ideas that ultimately transform abandoned areas into successful sustainable innovative business models with restored multifunctional land use. The main aim of this article is to disclose the potential of innovative business models, developed by new-generation entrepreneurs, for sustainable multifunctional land management in abandoned rural places, through the example of the “Sun Circle Camping” initiative in Lithuania. A qualitative research methodology was applied to perform an in-depth case study of a successful business model innovation for sustainable multifunctional land management in an abandoned rural area of Lithuania. The research results demonstrate how the smartly restored multifunctional distribution of abandoned land might generate durable land management practices, fulfilling the environmental, socio-cultural, and economic pillars of sustainability.

Bridging the Evidence and Practice Gap in Chronic Kidney Disease: A System Thinking Approach to Population Health.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common, costly, and life-limiting, requiring dialysis and transplantation in advanced stages. Although effective guideline-based therapy exists, the asymptomatic nature of CKD together with low health literacy, adverse social determinants of health, unmet behavioral health needs, and primary care providers' (PCP) limited understanding of CKD result in defects in screening and diagnosis. Care is fragmented between PCPs and specialty nephrologists, with limited time, expertise, and resources to address systemic gaps. In this article, the authors define how they classified defects in care and report the current numbers of patients exposed to these defects, both nationally and in their health system Accountable Care Organization. They describe use of the health system's three-pillar leadership model (believing, belonging, and building) to empower providers to transform CKD care. Believing entailed engaging individuals to believe defects in CKD care could be eliminated and were a collective responsibility. Belonging fostered the creation of learning communities that broke down silos and encouraged open communication and collaboration between PCPs and nephrologists. Building involved constructing a fractal management infrastructure with transparent reporting and shared accountability, which would enable success in innovation and transformation. The result is proactive and relational CKD care organized around the patient's needs in University Hospitals Systems of Excellence. Systems of excellence combine multiple domains of expertise to promote best practice guidelines and integrate care throughout the system. The authors further describe a preliminary pilot of the CKD System of Excellence in primary care.

Commercialisation of Intellectual Property: A Comparative Analysis of Georgia and Estonia

Abstract Commercialisation of intellectual property (IP) constitutes a vital part of a state’s economy and signifi cantly contributes to the development and success of any innovative project. At the same time, commercialisation of IP is directly linked to the adopted legislation on patent rights as it regulates the protection and exploitation of IP. This article seeks to compare the IP commercialisation frameworks in Georgia and Estonia and identify the challenges encountered in patent protection mechanisms in Georgia. Estonia and Georgia are both located in the Eastern European region and share similar legal systems and constitutions. By aligning its legislative framework with European Union standards and supporting universities and fostering a culture of innovation, Estonia sets a notable example in IP commercialisation. However, Georgia’s legislative framework still lacks certain elements that are crucial for developing IP commercialisation. The low number of registered patent applications in Georgia indicates the challenges and obstacles in this fi eld. The comparison of legal frameworks and practices in these countries can provide important insights into the challenges and solutions in IP commercialisation. The article examines how inefficient legislative framework leads to inconsistent patent protection mechanisms in Georgia, creating barriers in IP commercialisation, while underlining Estonia’s success in innovation and the establishment of a progressive IP commercialisation landscape. The article also presents a set of recommendations for Georgia to align its framework with EU standards, initiating joining the European Patent Convention, strengthening IP enforcement, and promoting open IP policies in universities, following Estonia’s model.

Modeling Dynamic Consumer Preferences in Product Attributes for Social Media-Based Product Improvement Planning

Consumer preferences for products change over time. The changes in consumer preferences are not just related to the level of importance of the attribute but also dynamics in the attribute itself. Previous studies generally employed the pre-determine attribute to measure the level of importance of the attribute. However, the pre-defined attributes approach has a problem in that new consumer attributes are not captured, resulting in misleading product development. Therefore, this study proposes a method to identify dynamic attributes and the level of importance of the attribute for product development without pre-determined attributes and unsupervised. A case study on the airline industry demonstrates the proposed method. Attribute changes are assessed using latent Dirichlet allocation to identify topics related to product attributes and sentiment analysis to evaluate satisfaction levels. Furthermore, the association rule approach is used to label unsupervised product topics. A total of 222,959 tweets related to the airline industry from 2015 to 2018 were collected and analyzed to demonstrate changes in consumer preferences over time. The results indicate that the proposed method effectively explores the dynamic of product attributes and critical attributes and provides valuable strategies for developing product or service improvement. The proposed method has also been validated and is in line with the successful innovation strategies of an Indonesian airline.

Asahan One Data Application Innovation (ASADA) in Asahan Regency as a Response to Indonesia's One Data Policy

The ASADA application is a web-based application that is entered by all regional apparatus organizations within Asaahan Regency. The purpose of making this application is to obtain data that can be accounted for, improve the quality of Asahan Regency governance, and most importantly, obtain accurate data. The type of research used in this research is descriptive research. Researchers describe a symptom, event, and incident that has occurred or is happening to describe what it is. This research will use five (5) innovation success factors according to Cook, Matthews, Irwin, namely leadership, organizational management, risk management, human resources, and technology. Based on this research, the Asahan Satu Data application innovation still needs a lot of thinking and development in order to have a maximum impact. Based on this research, the innovation of the Asahan Satu Data application still requires a lot of thought and development in order to have a maximum impact. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that the implementation of the Asahan Satu Data (ASADA) application innovation has been running quite well, but there are still many shortcomings that must be addressed immediately. Assertiveness and responsibility in motivating leaders to carry out this innovation still need attention. One of the things that most affects the smooth running of this innovation is human resources.