Substitution Of Corn Research Articles

RETENSI NITROGEN DAN ENERGI METABOLIS RANSUM PADA AYAM BROILER YANG MENGGUNAKAN TEPUNG SORGUM (Sorghum bicolor (L). moench) SEBAGAI PENGGANTI JAGUNG

ABSTRACTNITROGEN RETENTION AND METABOLIC ENERGY OF BROILER CHICKEN RATION USING SORGHUM MEAL (Sorghum bicolor (L). moench) AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR CORN. The aims of this study was to determine the value of Nitrogen Rretention (RN) and Nitrogen-Corrected Metabolic Energy (AMEn) rations using sorghum meal as a substitute for corn in broiler chickens. The study was carried out using 20 broiler strain Cobb aged six weeks consisting of six preliminary days and four days of data collection. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used which is consisting of five treatments and four replications. The treatments used are: R0 = substitute 100% corn or sorghum 0%, R1 = substitute 25% corn or sorghum 12.5%, R2 = substitute 50% corn or sorghum 25%, R3 = substitute 75% corn or sorghum 37.5%, and R4 = substitute 100% corn orsorghum 50%. The variables observed were the Nitrogen Retention value (RN) and Nitrogen Corrected Metabolic Energy (AMEn). Study showed that RN value of R0 (63.38%), R1 (65.69%), R2 (70.76%), R3 (70.77%), R4 (68.03%) and AMEn R0 (2417 , 14 Kkl / kg), R1 (2331.17 Kkl / kg), R2 (2157.87 Kkl / kg), R3 (2261.17 Kkl / kg) R4 (2290.02 Kkl / kg). he treatment gave no significant effect (P> 0.05) on RN value and AMEn. Based on this study it can be concluded that sorghum flour can replace corn to 100% or use 50% in broiler ration seen from the N retention value (68.03%) and AMEn value (2290.02 Kkl / kg).Keywords : Broiler chicken, corn, metabolic energy, nitrogen retention, sorghum

PENGARUH PENGGANTIAN JAGUNG DENGAN SORGUM Cv. KAWALI DALAM RANSUM PELLET TERHADAP PERFORMANS KELINCI LOKAL

EFFECT OF REPLACEMENT OF CORN WITH SORGUM Cv. KAWALI IN PELLET RANSUM ON LOCAL RABBIT PERFORM. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of substitution corn with sorghum in rabbit rations on feed consumption, body weight gain, and ration conversion. The duration of the study was 28 days using 20 local rabbits. The statistical design used in this study was a completely randomized design, with 4 (four) treatment rations and 5 (five) replications. The four experimental rations, namely R0: 45% corn + 0% sorghum, R1: 30% corn + 15% sorghum, R2 15% corn + 30% sorghum, R3 0% corn + 45% sorghum. Variables were measured, viz: feed consumption, body weight gain and ration conversion. The results showed that the average of feed consumption, body weight gain, and feed conversion, were: 28.27–30.59 g /head /day, 15.76–21.55 g / head /day, and 1.42-1.80 g /head /day, respectively. Based on the analysis of variance, the treatments ration had no significant effect (P> 0.05) on consumption, but had a very significant effect (P <0.01) on body weight gain and feed conversion. The LSD test showed that all treatment rations using sorghum (R1, R2, and R3) gave results of body weight gain which were very significantly different (P <0.01) and higher than R0. Whereas, on ration conversion, treatments R1, R2, and R3 give very different results (P <0.01) lower than R0. It is concluded that the substitution of corn with sorghum at the level of 45% in the ration gives the highest results for body weight gain and conversion of rations for rabbits. Keywords: corn, sorghum, ration, performance, local rabbit

PSIV-27 Late-Breaking: Effects of substitution of corn with brown rice on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and microbiota of growing-finishing pigs.

PSIV-27 Late-Breaking: Effects of substitution of corn with brown rice on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and microbiota of growing-finishing pigs.

Effects of corn replacement by sorghum in diets on performance, nutrient utilization, blood parameters, antioxidant status, and meat colour stability in lambs

The aim of this research was to compare growth performance, nutrient utilization, rumen fermentation, blood parameters, antioxidant status, and meat colour stability of lambs fed diets that partially or completely substituted corn with sorghum. Twenty-four male German merino weaned lambs (16.19 ± 2.05 kg body weight) were divided into four treatments in a completely randomized design. The diets for four treatments contained 450 g kg−1 of ground corn (C), 300 + 150 g kg−1 of ground corn and sorghum (CSM1), 150 + 300 g kg−1 of ground corn and sorghum (CSM2) and 450 g kg−1 ground sorghum (S); all diets consisted of 70% concentrated feed and 30% Leymus chinensis hay. The lambs were fed the experimental diets for 56 d. Inclusion of sorghum tended to increase average daily weight gain and total gain (P = 0.06), and lower feed conversion ratio (P = 0.10). Significant increase in nitrogen (N) intake and fecal N excretion was observed after substitution of corn with sorghum, and the apparent digestibility of crude protein was significantly reduced. Concentrations of ammonia N in rumen fluid were affected by treatment (P = 0.01) and an interaction (P < 0.01) between treatment and sampling time. No significant effects were found on blood parameters among treatments. Replacement of corn with sorghum significantly decreased b* (yellowness) values of meat during storage. Sorghum instead of corn is feasible in lamb diets, and it has positive effects on the lamb growth and meat quality.

Plasma and milk fatty acid profiles in goats fed diets supplemented with oils from soybean, linseed or fish

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids (FA) sources (soybean oil, linseed oil and fish oil) on apparent nutrient digestibility, milk composition, and the FA profile in the arterial blood plasma and the milk from dairy goats. Four multiparous Saanen goats were assigned to receive the experimental diets: control diet (no additional oil, with 425 g/kg DM of corn), or a diet substituting 20 g/kg DM of corn by either soybean oil (SO), linseed oil (LO) or fish oil (FO), which were arranged in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The goats were housed in individual tie stalls, where they received diets containing 400 g/kg DM of corn silage and 600 g/kg DM of concentrate. The corn substitution by FAs sources did not affect apparent nutrient digestibility and milk composition (macro compounds). The oil sources changed the plasma and milk fatty acids profile differently. The plasma concentration of vaccenic and rumenic acids were strongly increased (P < 0.05) (about 500%) in diet containing FO, similarly the content of vaccenic and rumenic acids in the milk were also strongly increased (P < 0.05) (about 540 and 1380%, respectively) using FO, as well as the incorporation of EPA and DHA in the milk. The SO and LO treatments were able to change the profile of several FA in the arterial blood plasma; however, only linoleic and linolenic acids were increased (P < 0.05) in milk, respectively. Changes in plasma and milk FA were observed by adding FO, making the goats’ milk nutritionally healthier for the human diet because FO strongly increased the rumenic and vaccenic acids, EPA and DHA content. The SO and LO led to a few changes in milk FA profile.

Quantitative and qualitative traits of carcass and meat of goats fed diets with cactus meal replacing corn.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the carcass and meat of goats fed diets containing cactus meal (pectin source) replacing corn (starch source). Twenty-eight goats with an average initial weight of 16 ± 2.02kg were confined in a completely randomized design with four treatments (the replacement levels of 0, 330, 660, and 1000gkg-1 of dry matter) and seven replicates. The productive performance of the animals was not affected by the replacement of corn by cactus meal. The carcass commercial yield and the dressing percentage decreased with the addition of cactus meal levels in the diets. The commercial cuts, however, especially prime cuts like hind limbs and loin, were not changed by the use of cactus meal. Muscle:bone and fat:bone ratios and muscularity index of hind limbs were influenced by the substitution. The protein and ash contents of the longissimus lumborum muscle decreased while cholesterol levels increased with the presence of cactus meal. Sensory traits of goats' meat fed cactus meal in the diets were not affected. The substitution of corn for cactus meal reduced carcass yield but did not change the yield of commercial cuts or the qualitative characteristics of the meat.

Effects of incorporating oasis by-products on fattening performance and carcass characteristics of Ouled Djellal lamb.

Aim:The aim of this study was to determine the effects of incorporating three local oasis by-products [cull dates (CDs), date pedicels (DPs) treated with urea, and juice from rumen content] into the food ration of Ouled Djellal lambs on fattening performance and carcass characteristics.Materials and Methods:The experiment was carried out over 105 days, with an adaptation period of 15 days, on four groups each consisting of 10 male Ouled Djellal lambs aged 7-8 months with an average live body weight of 32±1.5 kg, randomly distributed, and raised in tie stalls. The basic rations were formulated at a rate of 0% (control), 50%, 80%, and 100% substitution of barley straw by DPs treated with urea. The additional rations intended for the experimental groups consisted of 100% substitution of corn by CDs. Before distributed, they were sprayed with rumen content extract (RCE) at a rate of 250 ml/kg.Results:The 100% group displayed a highly significant difference compared to the other groups, with a live body weight of 43 kg (p<0.05), an average daily gain of 191 g, and feed efficiency of 5.08. These three parameters developed in proportion to the rates of incorporation of CDs and pedicels treated with urea. The carcass yield of the 100% group (48.7%) is significantly higher than the other groups while the thickness of back fat is significantly lower. Economically speaking, the profit margin of the 100% group is 30.93 Algerian dinars (DZD) per day per animal.Conclusion:The use of by-products of the date palm (CDs and pedicels) combined with RCE in animal feed with a view to fattening sheep, in particular in oasis zones, represents an alternative in enhancing growth performances and carcass characteristics and offers a relatively cheap prospect for the availability of red meat for populations with low purchasing power.

The Use 3 of Banana Peel Meal (Musa paradisiaca) as Substitution of Corn in the Diets on Performance and Carcass Production of Hybrid Ducks

This study was aimed to evaluate the utilization of banana peel meal as alternatives to substitution of corn in the diets based on the performance, carcass production, intestinal villi, the best type and utilization level of banana peel meal as corn substitution. A total of 105 male day old duck used in a completely randomized design (CRD), i.e. half of it (25%) and all of it (50%) replacing corn with banana peel meal PB= basal feed without banana peel meal; K25 and K50 = basal feed with Kepok banana peel meal; T25 dan T50 = basal feed with Tanduk banana peel meal; R25 dan R50 = basal feed with Raja banana pel meal. each treatment was done through 3 replications, with each replication consisted of 5 hybrid ducks. The data with significant differences were analyzed using orthogonal contrast. The paramater collected include performance (feed consumption, body weight gain, final weight, and feed conversion), carcass and abdominal percentage (carcass weight and carcass percentage). The results of the study showed that the utilization of banana peel meal on ducks had lower yields (P&lt;0.05) in body weight gain, body weight, carcass weight, abdominal fat weight, but had higher feed conversion rather than basal feed treatment. It could be concluded that banana peel meal can not be used as substitution of corn in diets, because it can decrease the performance and carcass production of ducks, banana peel meal Kepok and Tanduk with level of 25% gives best performance and carcass weight when used as substitution of corn.

Influence of grinding size of the main cereal of the diet on egg production and eggs quality of brown egg laying hens from 33 to 65 weeks of age

The influence of grinding size of the main cereal of the diet on production and egg quality traits was studied in brown hens from 33 to 65 wk of age. The experiment was completely randomized with 6 treatments arranged as a 3 × 2 factorial with 3 main cereals (barley, corn, and wheat) and 2 grinding size of the cereal (6 and 10mm screen). Each treatment was replicated 11 times (10 hens/replicate). Diets were isonutritive and contained 2,740kcal/kg AMEn and 16.8% CP. Egg production, ADFI, egg weight, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were determined by period (4 wk) and for the entire experiment. Egg quality traits (percentage of undergrades, Haugh units, thickness, strength, color of the shell, and proportion of albumen, yolk, and shell) were measured also by period. No interactions between main cereal and grinding size of the main cereal of the diet were observed for any of the traits studied. Feed intake, egg production, and BW gain were not affected by diet or grinding size. Eggs were heavier (P < 0.01) in hens fed barley than in hens fed corn or wheat, probably because of the higher fat content of the barley diets. Also, FCR tended to improve in hens fed barley compared with hens fed corn or wheat (P = 0.07). Diet did not affect any of the egg quality traits studied. In summary, barley and wheat conveniently supplemented with enzymes, can be used in substitution of corn at levels of up to 55% in diets for laying hens, without any adverse effect on egg production or egg quality traits. Moreover, the substitution of corn by a combination of barley and supplemental fat increased egg size. Consequently, the inclusion of one or other cereal in the diet will depend primarily on their relative cost. Within the range studied, screen size (6vs. 10mm) of the cereal had limited effects on hen production.

Substitución de maíz por pulpa cítrica deshidratada en la ración de corderos: desempeño productivo y características de sus componentes no carcasa

Dehydrated citrus pulp (DCP) is a highly energetic by-product with the potential to substitute cereal grains for domestic animals feeding. Thirty-two castrated male lambs, crossbred Santa Ines × Texel were employed to evaluate the effect of the substitution of corn by DCP on productive performance and non-carcass components characteristics . The inclusion of DCP in the ration in proportions of 14.47; 28.94 and 43.41% of DM constituted the four treatments 0PCD, 14PCD, 29PCD and 43PCD. The delineation was complete random blocks (blocked by weight) with four replicates. Data were submitted to ANAVA and the means were compared by the Duncan test (P 0.05) in the other components of GIT, in total fat and in the net weights of the different vital organs.

PENGARUH SUBTITUSI JAGUNG MANIS TERHADAP KUALITAS DADIAH

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of sweet corn substitution by 0%, 25%, 50% and 75% on the quality of color, smell, texture and taste of the amount of buffalo milk used. This type of research belongs to a kind of pure experiment using a completely randomized design method of one factor. This research was conducted in Kanagarian Gadut Pakan Raba'a Jorong Lareh Nan Panjang Payakumbuh. The research instrument used is organoleptic test format given to 5 expert panelists namely dadiah farmers. The data obtained is tabulated and do Variant Analysis (ANAVA), if Fcount&gt; Ftable then proceed with Duncan test. The results of the data analysis obtained the highest overall score, yellow color quality is 4.00 (X3), quality smells typical dadiah 4.00 (X0), sweet corn quality 3.33 (X3), soft texture quality 3.80 (X0), solid texture quality 4.00 (X3) ,quality of sweet corn flavor 3.53 (X3) and acid taste 3,73 (X3). &#x0D; &#x0D;

Effect of total replacement of soybean meal and corn on the in vivo digestibility and nitrogen balance of Sicilo-Sarde rams

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of replacing corn and soybean meal by triticale, faba bean and field pea on apparent digestibility of nutrient and nitrogen balance of Sicilo Sarde rams. Six rams were fed in a Latin Square design with 1.8 kg DM/day of oat hay + 500 g DM/d of one of three concentrates: soybean meal mainly composed by soybean meal and corn; faba bean composed by triticale and faba bean; and field pea concentrate composed by triticale and field pea. Rams were maintained into metabolic cages for 10 days adaptation, followed by five sampling days. Feed intake was recorded daily. Total feces and urine were collected and measured. The dry matter, organic matter and nitrogen intake were not influenced by the total replacement of soybean meal and corn. Apparent digestibility of dry and organic matter was significantly improved with field pea concentrate than with other concentrates. Nitrogen apparent digestibility and faecal nitrogen remained statistically non-significant. The rejected nitrogen in urine was significantly higher for faba bean concentrate than field pea and soybean meal concentrates, with averages about 9.68, 8.83, 8.86 g/d respectively. While, lower nitrogen balance was observed in faba bean concentrate (4.70 g/d) than the field pea (6.33 g/d) and soybean meal (6.47 g/d) concentrates respectively. These data indicated that the substitution of soybean meal and corn by triticale, faba bean and field pea can improve nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance parameters in Sicilo-Sarde rams.

The Effect of Corn Substitution with Palm Kernel Meal Treated by Enzyme on Production Performance and Carcass Quality of Broiler

The research was aimed to evaluate the effects of substitution level of corn with palm kernel meal (PKM) untreated and palm kernel meal (PKM) treated by enzyme on production performance and carcass quality of broilers. The method used in this research was experiment using nested of completely randomized design with 2 factors, the main factor was type of palm kernel meal factors consisting of PKM without enzyme (B1) and PKM by mannanase enzyme (B2), and substitution corn level L0 (without substitution), L1 (12.5%), L2 (25%), L3 (37.5%) and L4 (50%). The different among the treatments were tested by Duncan’s multiple range test. The results showed that corn substitution with PKM untreated and PKM treated by enzymes was significantly effect (P&lt;0.01) on feed conversion ratio (FCR), tenderness, meat cholesterol of broilers and income over feed cost (IOFC) and significant effect (P&lt;0.05) on feed intake, but there is no significant difference on body weight, percentages of abdominal fat and water holding capacity (WHC). Furthermore, effect of level corn substitition with PKM nested to PKM untreated and PKM treated by enzyme was significantly effect (P&lt;0.01) on feed intake, body weight, FCR, and tenderness and significant effect (P&lt;0.05) on IOFC, but there is no effect on percentages of abdominal fat, WHC and meat cholesterol. It can be concluded that the corn substitution with PKM treated by enzymes was better than the PKM untreated on production performance and carcass quality of broilers. The optimal level of PKM untreated as corn substitution was 12.5%. While replacement with PKM treated by enzyme can be used up to 25%.

Effects of total replacement of soybean meal and corn on ruminal fermentation, volatile fatty acids, protozoa concentration, and gas production

Abstract. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of total replacement of soybean meal and corn with triticale and faba bean or field pea on rumen fermentation, protozoa counts, and gas production of lactating ewes. A total of 30 Sicilo-Sarde ewes were randomly allocated into three groups and were fed 1.8 kg drymatter of oat hay plus 500 g of one of three concentrates: the first concentrate (CS) was mainly composed of soybean meal, corn, and barley; the second (TFB) was formed by triticale and faba bean; and the third (TFP) was composed of triticale and field pea. The type of concentrate did not affect ruminal pH or ammonia nitrogen concentration (P &gt; 0.05). The individual concentrations of volatile fatty acids showed a significant interaction between the type of concentrate and sampling time (P &lt; 0.05), except for Butyric and Isobutyric acids. Within a post-feeding time, the pattern of evolution of total volatile fatty, acetic, and propionic acids differed significantly at 2 h post feeding (P &lt; 0.05), while butyric and valeric acid changed at 0 and 4 h post feeding. The type of concentrate affected the total number of ciliate protozoa and the Isotricha species (P &lt; 0.05), whereas Entodinium, Ophryoscolex, and Polyplastron were similar among concentrates (P &gt; 0.05). The cumulative gas production from the in vitro fermentation, the time of incubation, and their interaction was affected by concentrate (P &lt; 0.001). The substitution of soybean meal and corn in the concentrate with faba bean or field peas and triticale might maintain rumen parameters of dairy ewes.

Profile study contribution of the odd chain fatty acids for qualifying of the final products of Alentejo local pig breed fattened on diets of montanheira

Within our studies of the profile of fatty acids of emerging row of the Portuguese autochthonous Alentejo local pig breed, we decided to emphasize the importance of odd chain fatty acids in the qualification and distinction of their final products. Therefore, we used samples of dorsal subcutaneous fat of 36 carcasses of Alentejo local pig breed (18♂♂castrated and 18♀♀females) spread over two (2) lots with different food management in the fattening stage (Lote1, n = 24, regime feed montanheira and the final third with herb spontaneous pasture and corn grain and Lote2, n = 12, feeding of montanheira and the final third with herb spontaneous pasture and triticale grain). From the analysis of the results, on average, in sums of odd chain fatty acids (Lote1 = 0.66 ± 0.13 and Lote2 =1.02 ± 0.33), we’ve found that the Lote2 showed a highly significant difference (P≤0.001) in relation to Lote1, which enabled us to distinguish the final products derived from the carcasses of pigs consumed grass and triticale in the final third of montanheira in maize. Thus, we conclude that by using the % of the sum of the profile of the odd-chain fatty acids it is possible to disentangle (fresh and / or processed end products) from the Alentejo local pig breed, according to the diet of grazing in the montanheira and, simultaneously, the substitution of corn in grain by triticale grains in animal husbandry will facilitate the mitigation of scarcity and food shortages caused by the degradation of the Mediterranean ecosystem.

PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN SILASE KULIT PISANG KEPOK (Musa paradisiaca formatypica) SEBAGAI PENGGANTI SEBAGIAN JAGUNG TERHADAP KARKAS DAN VISCERA BROILER

UTILIZATION OF ENSILAGE KEPOK BANANA PEELS REPLACING PART OF CORN IN THE DIET ON CARCASSES AND VISCERA INDICES OF BROILER. The purpose of the present research was to determine the substitution of corn with ensilage kepok banana peels (Musa paradisiaca formatypica) in the diet on carcasses and viscera indices of broiler. Trial was arranged using an experimental study. Sixty unsexed Cobb day old Chicks (DOC) were used in a Completely Randomized Design arrangement, with 4 treatments and 5 replications. Treatments were formulated as follow: R0 = 50% yellow corn + 0% ensilage kepok banana peels, R1 = 42,5% yellow corn + 7,5% ensilage kepok banana peels, R2 = 35% yellow corn + 15% ensilage kepok banana peels, R3 = 27,5% yellow corn + 22.5% ensilage kepok banana peels. Parameters measured were: carcass weight (g), abdominal fat (%), liver weight (%), and gizzard weight (%). Research results showed that, the subtitution of yellow corn with ensilage kepok banana peels gave a significant different (P&lt;0,05) effect on carcass weight, abdominal fat percentage, liver weight percentage, and gizzard weight percentage. The higher the ensilage kepok banana peels replacing corn in the diets, the lower the carcass weight and abdominal fat percentage, whereas liver weight percentage and gizzard weight percentage both decreased as the subtitution of ensilage kepok banana peels increased. Carcass percentage was the only parameter that was not affected (P&gt;0,05) by treatments. It can be concluded that the utilization of ensilage kepok banana peels up to 30% or 15% can still substitute yellow corn in broiler diets. Keywords : Broiler, Kepok Banana Peels, Carcasses, Viscera

Effects of incorporating agro-industrial by-products into diet of New Zealand rabbits: Case of rebus of date and apricot kernel meal.

Aim:The aim of this study was to determine the effects of incorporating the by-products complex of date and apricot on the fattening performance of the New Zealand breed of rabbits, to reduce the economic costs of the food formula.Materials and Methods:A total of 288 young New Zealand rabbits aged 35 days were divided into four equal groups each containing 72 animals and into sub-groups of 6 rabbits per cage, depending on the rate of substitution of corn by date rebus and of soybean meal by apricot kernel meal (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%).Results:The change in weight from day 35 to 77 and the average daily gain are not significantly different, regardless of the diet. The pH and water content are proportional to the substitution rates (6.4-6.6% and 66.5-68.8%). Meat protein levels increased significantly, in particular for the 10% and 30% groups (+8.1% and 6%) while the fat and mineral content levels decreased significantly, in particular for the 30% group displaying −16% and −17%, respectively. Incorporation of dates and apricot kernel meal into the ration of rabbits reduces the cost of the kilogram of food produced of −9%, with an opportunity cost of 165 Algerian dinars (DZD).Conclusion:The date rebus/apricot kernel meal complex can be used as an alternative to the corn/soybean meal complex at substitution rates of up to 30% without adverse effects on growth rates, feed contribution, or slaughter yield. It improves the chemical composition of the meat and reduces the cost price of the quintal of feed produced.

Digestibility and performance of steers fed varying inclusions of corn silage and modified distillers grains with solubles to partially replace corn in finishing diets.

Two finishing and 1 digestibility experiment evaluated the partial substitution of corn with corn silage and corn modified distillers grains with solubles (MDGS). Steers were used in Exp. 1 (n = 295; 467 ± 52 kg) and Exp. 2 (n = 225; BW = 348 ± 27 kg) in a 2 × 2 + 1 factorial arrangement of treatments with factors including corn silage (15 or 45%) and MDGS (20 or 40%) plus a control diet consisting of 5% cornstalks and 40% MDGS. In Exp. 1, there were tendencies for a corn silage × MDGS interaction for ADG, final BW, and G:F (P ≤ 0.08). In the overall F-test for G:F, there were no differences between the control treatment and 15:20, 15:40, or 45:40 (P ≥ 0.15), however, steers fed the control treatment had increased G:F compared to steers fed 45:20 treatment diets (P = 0.03). In Exp. 2, there were no corn silage × MDGS interactions (P ≥ 0.12). As corn silage increased in the diet, ADG, final BW, and G:F decreased (P ≤ 0.01). As MDGS increased from 20 to 40%, ADG and G:F tended to improve (P ≤ 0.07). In the overall F-test, the control was not different for G:F from 15:20, 45:20, or 45:40 (P ≥ 0.15), but had a 4.8% poorer G:F compared to 15:40 (P < 0.01). In Exp. 3, ruminally fistulated steers (n = 6) were used in a 5 × 6 Latin rectangle design and fed 15 or 45% corn silage with 20 or 40% MDGS as a 2 × 2 factorial. An additional diet consisting of 95% corn silage and 5% supplement was fed. There were no corn silage × MDGS interactions for nutrient intake, total tract digestibility, ruminal pH measurements, acetate: propionate ratio (A:P), or in-situ disappearance data (P ≥ 0.31) for the 2 × 2 factorial. As corn silage increased in the diet, DMI, NDF intake, ruminal pH, A:P, in-situ NDF disappearance of corn bran, and DM disappearance of corn increased (P ≤ 0.09) with decreases in DM and OM digestibility (P ≤ 0.03). As MDGS increased in the diet, there was an increase in NDF intake, total volatile fatty acid concentration, and NDF disappearance of corn bran (P ≤ 0.03) with no differences for any other tested variables (P ≥ 0.13). In general, increasing corn silage in place of corn in finishing diets containing MDGS results in a modest reduction in ADG and G:F with increases in ruminal pH.

Effects of agronomic factors on yield and quality of whole corn plants and the impact of feeding high concentrations of corn silage in diets containing distillers grains to finishing cattle.

Corn plants were sampled over 2 consecutive years to assess the effects of corn hybrid maturity class, plant population, and harvest time on whole corn plant quality and yield in Nebraska. A finishing experiment evaluated the substitution of corn with corn silage in diets with corn modified distillers grains with solubles (MDGS). The first 2 harvest dates were at the mid- and late-silage harvest times whereas the final harvest was at the grain harvest stage of plant maturity. Whole plant yields increased as harvest time progressed (yr 1 quadratic P < 0.01; yr 2 linear P < 0.01). However, differences in TDN concentration in both years were quite minimal across harvest time, because grain percentage increased but residue NDF in-situ disappearance decreased as harvest time was delayed. In the finishing experiment, as corn silage inclusion increased from 15 to 55% (DM basis) by replacing dry rolled and high moisture corn grain with corn silage in diets containing 40% MDGS, DMI, ADG, and G:F linearly decreased (P ≤ 0.01), with the steers on the 15% corn silage treatment being 1.5%, 5.0%, and 7.7% more efficient than steers on treatments containing 30, 45, and 55% corn silage, respectively. Calculated dietary NEm and NEg decreased linearly as corn silage inclusion increased indicating that net energy values were greater for corn grain than for corn silage. In addition, dressing percentage decreased linearly (P < 0.01) as silage inclusion increased suggesting more fill as silage inclusion increases in diets. Cattle fed greater than 15% corn silage in finishing diets based on corn grain will gain slower and be slightly less efficient and likely require increased days to market at similar carcass fatness and size. When 30% silage was fed with 65% MDGS, DMI, and ADG were decreased (P < 0.01) compared to feeding 30% silage with 40% MDGS suggesting some benefit to including a proportion of corn in the diet. Conversely, when 45% silage was fed with 40% MDGS, ADG, and G:F were greater (P < 0.04) than when 45% silage was fed with just grain implying a greater energy value for MDGS than for corn grain. Substituting corn silage for corn grain in finishing diets decreased ADG and G:F which would increase days to finish to an equal carcass weight; however, in this experiment, increasing corn silage levels with MDGS present reduced carcass fat thickness without significantly decreasing marbling score.

102 Effects of substitution of corn with brown rice on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood profiles of weaned pigs

102 Effects of substitution of corn with brown rice on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood profiles of weaned pigs