Body Substance Research Articles

Depression in Female Adolescents with Heavy Menstrual Bleeding

To assess the degree to which heavy menstrual bleeding is associated with depression, independent of hormonal contraception. We performed a retrospective cohort study of 1168 female adolescents 9-18years old presenting to general pediatricians for heavy menstrual bleeding or well visits. Depression was the primary outcome and defined as a diagnosis in the health record. Univariable and multivariable regression models were fit to the data to identify factors associated with depression diagnosis. In total, 581 adolescents with heavy menstrual bleeding and 587 without heavy menstrual bleeding were included. Depression diagnoses occurred with greater frequency in youth with heavy menstrual bleeding compared with those without heavy menstrual bleeding (50.9% vs 24.2% P<.001; risk ratio 1.67, 95% CI 1.39-2.01) but did not significantly differ between those taking vs not taking hormonal contraception (risk ratio 0.99; 95% CI 0.84-1.17). Most patients with depression and heavy menstrual bleeding developed depression following or concurrent with heavy menstrual bleeding (261/296, 88%). Of these, 199 of 261 (76%) were treated with hormonal contraception, but the majority (168/199; 84%) were diagnosed with depression before initiation. Heavy menstrual bleeding is associated with depression diagnosis in female adolescents. The use of hormonal contraception was not associated with depression diagnosis in multivariable analysis, covarying heavy menstrual bleeding, age, body mass index, anxiety, sexual activity, and substance use. As hormonal contraception is often used to treat heavy menstrual bleeding, heavy menstrual bleeding may be partially driving previous reports of increased depression risk in those taking hormonal contraception.

Review Article on Evalution of Endometriosis Disorder

Abstract: Endometriosis may be a unwellness of adolescents and reproductive-aged ladies characterised by the presence of mucosa tissue outside the cavity and normally related to chronic girdle pain and physiological condition. Recent Findings Early age at start, shorter discharge length, and taller height ar related to the next risk of adenomyosis whereas parity, higher body mass index (BMI), and smoking ar related to reduced risk. adenomyosis usually presents as physiological condition or continuing girdle pain despite treatment with analgesics and cyclic oral contraceptive pill pills. pathology is characterised by the presence of mucous membrane tissues outside the female internal reproductive organ. It affects females in their procreative years, and will be associate degree estrogen-dependent condition. The calculable prevalence of adenomyosis within the general population is as high as increased , and is accumulated in females with subfertility. The diagnosing of pathology is typically suspected clinically and confirmed by transvaginal ultrasound or resonance imaging of the pelvis. The gold normal of diagnosing is surgical visual examination of the girdle organs by associate degree experienced physician throughout laparotomy. A positive microscopic anatomy can make sure the diagnosis; but, a negative microscopic anatomy doesn't exclude it. liquid body substance cancer antigen-125 levels is also accumulated in ladies with adenomyosis, however, it's a poor diagnostic tool compared to laparotomy. The management of adenomyosis depends on whether or not the first drawback is pain or subfertility. Keywords: Introduction of Endometriosis, Pathology, Pain Infertility, Diagnosis, Management, Sign, symptoms, Treatment .

The effect of racial discrimination on mental and physical health: A propensity score weighting approach

RationaleThe preponderance of research documents the negative consequences of racial discrimination for the mental and physical well-being across several racial/ethnic groups including Black Americans, Hispanic Americans, and Asian Americans. Despite this large body of research, few studies have attempted to evaluate racial discrimination as a casual factor of worse health among racial minority groups. The current study utilized nationally representative data to estimate the causal effect of racial discrimination on cardiovascular disease (CVD), self-rated physical health (SRH), body mass index (BMI), depression disorder, and substance use disorder. In addition, we examined whether the effect of racial discrimination on health was moderated by socio-demographic characteristics (i.e., age, race/ethnicity, sex, socioeconomic status, marital status, geographic location, and health insurance coverage). MethodsData were from the combined National Survey of American Life and the National Latino and Asian American Study. We applied a propensity score weighting approach to estimate the differences between individuals who reported ever (N = 4358) or never (N = 1836) experiencing racial discrimination on a list of health outcomes (e.g., CVD, SRH, BMI, depression disorder, and substance use disorder). ResultsParticipants who reported ever experiencing racial discrimination were about 5 % higher CVD risk, had 0.12 points lower SRH, a 3 % higher probability of a depression disorder, and a 2 % higher probability of a substance use disorder. Moderation effects by race/ethnicity, sex, socioeconomic status, geographic region, and health insurance coverage were found. ConclusionOur study represents one of the first attempts to apply a propensity score weighting approach to causally link racial discrimination to worse health for racial minority individuals. This study adds to a larger body of research documenting the negative association between racial discrimination and health.

Comorbidities, substance abuse, weight and age are independent risk factors for postoperative complications following operation for proximal humerus fractures: a retrospective analysis of 1109 patients

IntroductionThis study aimed to investigate the influence of epidemiologic parameters on complications that needed operative revision of operatively treated proximal humerus fractures.MethodsWe performed a retrospective single-center study in a level 1 trauma center. We included all patients with operatively treated proximal humerus fractures from January 1 2005 to December 31 2015. We characterized our cohort and subgroup using descriptive statistics. The primary outcome was postoperative complications. For this purpose, postoperative complications were defined in advance, an operative revision was necessary on a general rule. The secondary outcome was a model of the risk factors for complications created with multiple logistic regression.ResultsWe included 1109 patients. The average age was 67.2 years (± 16.4), and 71.4% of the fractures occurred in women. A total of 644 patients (58.1%) had between one to three comorbidities, and 27.8% had four or more. The fracture morphology was as follows: 3 part 41.8%, 4 part 26.9%, 2 part 24.3%, and dislocation fracture 6.7%. Complications occurred in 150 patients (13.5%). The number of comorbidities [odds ratio (OR) 2.85, p < 0.01], body weight (OR 1.15, p = 0.02), and substance abuse (OR 1.82, p = 0.04) significantly correlated with the risk of complications. We achieved a sensitivity of 48% and a specificity of 74% for the variables body weight, substance abuse, age, and comorbiditiesConclusionThe epidemiologic parameters, comorbidities, substance abuse, weight, and age are independent risk factors for complications. If these factors are present, one can predict a postoperative complication requiring surgical revision with low sensitivity and moderate specificity. Therefore, concerning the high number of multi-morbid patients with proximal humerus fractures, an increased postoperative complication rate can be expected.Level of evidenceLevel of evidence IV

NLRP3 Inflammasome in Metabolic-Associated Kidney Diseases: An Update.

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a group of complex metabolic disorders syndrome, which refers to the pathological state of metabolism disorder of protein, fat, carbohydrate and other substances in human body. The kidney is an important organ of metabolism, and various metabolic disorders can lead to the abnormalities in the structure and function of the kidney. The recognition of pathogenesis and treatment measures of renal damage in MS is a very important part for the renal function preserve. Inflammatory response caused by various metabolic factors is a protective mechanism of the body, but persistent inflammation will become a harmful factor and aggravate kidney damage. Inflammasomes are sensors of the innate immune system that play crucial roles in initiating inflammation in response to acute infections and chronic diseases. They are multiprotein complex composed of cytoplasmic sensors (mainly NLR family members), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC or PYCARD) and pro-caspase-1. After receiving exogenous and endogenous stimuli, the sensors begin to assemble inflammasome and then promote the release of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, resulting in a special way of cell death named pyroptosis. In the kidney, NLRP3 inflammasome can be activated by a variety of pathways, which eventually leads to inflammatory infiltration, renal intrinsic cell damage and renal function decline. This paper reviews the function and specific regulatory mechanism of inflammasome in kidney damage caused by various metabolic disorders, which will provide a new therapeutic perspective and targets for kidney diseases.

Fasdhu therapy to reduce excess levels of substances in the human body

Tarai Bangun Hamlet IV, Tarab Mulya Village is a village located in Kampar Regency where the majority of the people come from the Minang and Javanese tribes. They like to eat fatty foods that trigger an increase in body fat levels. This service is carried out with the aim of helping people who experience high blood sugar, cholesterol and uric acid levels with the phlebotomy technique (fasdhu). The method used is to provide health education, followed by checking blood sugar, cholesterol and uric acid. High levels are then performed Fasdhu. Based on the examination of blood sugar, cholesterol and uric acid checks on 37 respondents, it was found that 10 respondents had high levels. Fasdhu treatment was carried out on respondents who had blood sugar levels of 163 mg/dl, cholesterol 240.75 mg/dl and uric acid 8.95 mg/dl. After fasdhu treatment, the levels decreased to 107 mg/dl, 200 mg/dl and 7.15 mg/dl, respectively. Based on this treatment, it was concluded that the phlebotomy technique (fasdhu) could be recommended as an effort to reduce blood sugar, cholesterol and uric acid levels.

Human metabolism and kinetics of the UV absorber 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-di-tert-pentylphenol (UV 328) after oral administration

2-(2H-Benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-di-tert-pentylphenol (UV 328; CAS: 25973-55-1) is an ultraviolet light (UV) absorber which belongs to the class of hydroxy phenol benzotriazoles. Therefore, UV 328 is added to plastics and other polymers due to its photostability to prevent discoloration and prolong product stability which may result in an exposure of consumers. However, information about the toxic effects on humans and the human metabolism are still lacking. In the present study, human metabolism pathways of UV 328 and its elimination kinetics were explored. For that purpose, three healthy volunteers were orally exposed to a single dose of 0.3 mg UV 328/kg bodyweight. UV 328 and its metabolites were investigated in blood and urine samples collected until 48 and 72 h after exposure, respectively. Thereby, previously published analytical procedures were applied for the sample analysis using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and subsequent measurement via gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry with advanced electron ionization. UV 328 was found to be oxidized at its alkyl side chains leading to the formation of hydroxy and/or oxo function with maximum blood concentrations at 8–10 h after exposure for UV 328-6/3-OH, UV 328-4/3-OH and UV 328-4/3-CO. In contrast, a plateau for UV 328-4/3-CO-6/3-OH levels was reached around 10 h post-dosage. The highest blood levels were found for native UV 328 at 8 h after ingestion. Furthermore, biphasic elimination kinetics in blood were revealed for almost all detected metabolites. UV 328 and its metabolites did not occur in blood as conjugates. The renal elimination kinetics were very similar with the kinetics in blood. However, the prominence of the metabolites in urine was somewhat different compared to blood. In contrast, mostly conjugated metabolites occurred for renal elimination. In urine, UV 328-4/3-CO-6/3-OH was found to be the most dominant urinary biomarker followed by UV 328-6/3-OH and UV 328-4/3-OH. In total, approximately 0.1% of the orally administered dose was recovered in urine within 72 h. Although high levels of UV 328 in blood proved good resorption and high systemic availability of the substance in the human body, the urine results revealed a rather low quantitative metabolism and urinary excretion rate. Consequently, biliary excretion as part of the enterohepatic cycle and elimination via feces are assumed to be the preferred pathways instead of renal elimination.

A novel dual-excitation and dual-emission fluorescent probe (CQDs-O-NBD) based on carbon quantum dots for detection and discrimination of Cys/Hcy and GSH/H2S in living cells

Cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy), glutathione (GSH) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are essential active substance in human body. The identification and detection of biothiols and H2S are of great significance for the early diagnosis of certain diseases. In this paper, a new dual excitation and dual emission fluorescent probe, carbon quantum dot-O-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (CQDs-O-NBD), for the detection of biothiols and H2S was synthesized. The carbon quantum dots (CQDs-OH) (λex/em maxima = 377 nm/467 nm) were synthesized by a microwave-assisted method using hydroquinone as the carbon source. Through the reaction of the phenolic hydroxyl group of the carbon quantum dots and 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD-Cl), the CQDs-O-NBD was synthesized. Due to the static quenching (SQ) and the photo-induced electron transfer (PET) from CQDs to NBD, the fluorescence of the CQDs-O-NBD is very weak. After adding biothiols and H2S, the ether bond of the CQDs-O-NBD was broken through nucleophilic substitution reaction, which led to the release of the CQDs-OH (channel 1 is turned on) and generation of a new compound NBD-thiols (channel 2). The CQDs-O-NBD as a probe shows the high selectivity and sensitivity for Cys/Hcy/GSH/NaHS (LOD of 0.24 μM/0.21 μM/0.19 μM/0.18 μM) over other aminos and ions by channel 1. The new formed compounds from NBD and Cys/Hcy have strong fluorescence under 470 nm wavelength light excitation (channel 2 is turned on), while the formed compounds from NBD and GSH/NaHS have no fluorescence (no channel 2), so the CQDs-O-NBD can discriminate Cys/Hcy (LOD: 0.07 μM/0.06 μM) from GSH/NaHS. In addition, the CQDs-O-NBD shows low toxicity and can be applied to the detection of Cys in fetal bovine serum and imaging in living cells.

Ingested Foreign Bodies and Toxic Materials: Who Needs to be Scoped and When?

1. Yasemin Cagil, MD* 2. Jenna Diaz, MD† 3. Seth Iskowitz, MD‡ 4. Alisa J. Muniz Crim, MD§ 1. *Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital Stanford, Palo Alto, CA 2. †Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO 3. ‡Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, C.S. Mott Children’s Hospital Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 4. §Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Nicklaus Children’s Hospital, Miami, FL Providers should be able to identify the signs and symptoms of foreign body and toxic material ingestion in children, select the proper diagnostic tests needed to confirm the diagnosis, and describe adequate treatment modalities for the described ingestions. After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Understand the common types of foreign body and toxic material ingestions. 2. Recognize the presenting symptoms of the described ingestions. 3. Recognize which patients warrant emergency endoscopic intervention. 4. Recognize which patients warrant nonemergency endoscopic intervention. 5. Recognize which patients warrant noninvasive medical management. 6. Review the role of prevention. Foreign body and toxic substance ingestions are a common reason for families to seek emergency care. Often, the pediatric patient is unable to describe the nature of the ingestion and/or the timing of the event. This can pose significant barriers to both caregivers and the medical team. Coins, button batteries, magnets, pointed and/or large objects, food, absorptive substances, alcohol, acidic and alkaline substances, detergent pods, and hydrocarbons are all frequently reported ingestions. Each ingested object or substance requires an individualized approach to management. The most common site for foreign bodies to become entrapped is in the proximal esophagus at the site of the cricopharyngeus muscle. Other common locations include the midesophagus, at the site of compression from the aortic arch, and at the lower esophageal sphincter. Most foreign bodies that are ingested by children pass spontaneously without complications; however, endoscopic removal may be necessary in some situations. Parameters that must be considered regarding the need for endoscopic removal of ingested foreign bodies include the child’s age, weight, clinical presentation, time since ingestion, type and size of the foreign body, location in the gastrointestinal tract, and underlying intestinal abnormalities. This section describes the most commonly ingested foreign bodies and their management. (1) ### Coins Coins remain the most commonly ingested …

Ammonium Salts of 5-(3-Chromenyl)-5H-chromeno[2,3-b]pyridines

The ammonium salts of many drugs have significantly improved the solubility and, accordingly, the bioavailability of medicinal substances in the human body. 5-(4-Hydroxy-2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)-5H-chromeno[2,3-b]pyridines are potential NPY1R ligands, which are attractive for antiobesity treatment. Ammonium salts of 5H-chromeno[2,3-b]pyridines were previously unknown. In this communication, it was found that the four-component reaction of salicylaldehyde, 2-aminoprop-1-ene-1,1,3-tricarbonitrile, 4-Hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one and amines results in the formation of ammonium salts of 5-(3-chromenyl)-5H-chromeno[2,3-b]pyridines. The structure of these previously unknown compounds was confirmed by means of 1H, 13C NMR and IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis.

Cytochrome P450: Implications for human breast cancer.

The treatment options for breast cancer include endocrine therapy, targeted therapy and chemotherapy. However, some patients with triple-negative breast cancer cannot benefit from these methods. Therefore, novel therapeutic targets should be developed. The cytochrome P450 enzyme (CYP) is a crucial metabolic oxidase, which is involved in the metabolism of endogenous and exogenous substances in the human body. Some products undergoing the metabolic pathway of the CYP enzyme, such as hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls and 4-chlorobiphenyl, are toxic to humans and are considered to be potential carcinogens. As a class of multi-gene superfamily enzymes, the subtypes of CYPs are selectively expressed in breast cancer tissues, especially in the basal-like type. In addition, CYPs are essential for the activation or inactivation of anticancer drugs. The association between CYP expression and cancer risk, tumorigenesis, progression, metastasis and prognosis has been widely reported in basic and clinical studies. The present review describes the current findings regarding the importance of exploring metabolic pathways of CYPs and gene polymorphisms for the development of vital therapeutic targets for breast cancer.

The Effect of Potassium Iodide Absorption on the Concentration of Antioxidants in Tomato Fruits

Antioxidants are molecules found in fruits and vegetables that have the ability to fight substances in the human body that are detrimental to cells and genetic material. There is a high need for antioxidants, and the current method for boosting antioxidants is genetic modification, which is controversial in society; however, there is a lack of research concerning increasing antioxidant concentrations in plants in a natural manner. Thus, the efficacy of an iodine water drip can be called into question. Iodine has been proven to increase antioxidant enzymatic activity in animals and certain leafy vegetables. This paper will evaluate the effectiveness of an potassium iodide enriched water drip on the concentration of antioxidants in tomato plants. potassium iodide (KI) solution was created from diluting KI crystals into water, and the tomatoes were watered every day over a three month growth period. At the end of the allotted growth period, four tomatoes were plucked from each group—the potassium iodide group, and the control group that was watered regularly. In order to calculate the increase in concentration, each tomato was mashed with an Efferdent denture-cleansing tablet so as to measure the absorbance of each sample using the blue dye from the tablet. Once obtaining the absorbance, the concentrations were found using Beer’s law. Using a 2 sample T-test for the difference in antioxidants, the increase in antioxidants was found to be statistically significant.

Endocrine Disruptor Potential of Short- and Long-Chain Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs)-A Synthesis of Current Knowledge with Proposal of Molecular Mechanism.

Endocrine disruptors are a group of chemical compounds that, even in low concentrations, cause a hormonal imbalance in the body, contributing to the development of various harmful health disorders. Many industry compounds, due to their important commercial value and numerous applications, are produced on a global scale, while the mechanism of their endocrine action has not been fully understood. In recent years, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have gained the interest of major international health organizations, and thus more and more studies have been aimed to explain the toxicity of these compounds. PFASs were firstly synthesized in the 1950s and broadly used in the industry in the production of firefighting agents, cosmetics and herbicides. The numerous industrial applications of PFASs, combined with the exceptionally long half-life of these substances in the human body and extreme environmental persistence, result in a common and chronic exposure of the general population to their action. Available data have suggested that human exposure to PFASs can occur during different stages of development and may cause short- or/and long-term health effects. This paper synthetizes the current literature reports on the presence, bioaccumulation and, particularly, endocrine toxicity of selected long- and short-chain PFASs, with a special emphasis on the mechanisms underlying their endocrine actions.

Synthesis and primary screening of the antioxidant activity of some 4-thioxo- and 4-imino- thiazolidin-2-ones

As a result of metabolic transformations of substances in the human body in the reactions of lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species are formed. Normally, the regulation of the production of activated oxygen metabolites and free radicals in human tissues and organs is carried out by the antioxidant system. Despite its high efficiency, antioxidant system it is not always to protect the human body from the development of oxidative stress. Thiazolidinones are among the most intensively studied heterocyclic systems, since they possess a wide spectrum of biological activity. Based on the above, the synthesis of some 4-thioxo- and 4-iminothiazolidin-2-ones and the study of their antioxidant activity is an topical direction.&#x0D; The aim of our work was to synthesize some C5 substituted derivatives of 4-thioxothiazolidin-2-one and 4-iminothiazolidin-2-one, as well as to conduct a primary screening of their antioxidant activity.&#x0D; The objects of study were C5 substituted 4-thioxo- and 4-iminothiazolidin-2-ones. The composition and structure of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by the data of elemental analysis and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The antioxidant activity of the synthesized compounds was studied in vitro, determining the decrease in the concentration of free radicals.&#x0D; The synthesis of 12 derivatives of 4-thioxothiazolidin-2-one and 4-iminothiazolidin-2-one was carried out. These substances are obtained by structural modification to the C5 position of the base scaffolds. The antioxidant activity of the synthesized compounds was measured in vitro by the method of scavenging effect on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. Ascorbic acid was used as a standard. As a result of screening, 2 highly active compounds with a pronounced antioxidant effect were identified.&#x0D; As a result of structural modification of the basic scafolds, 12 corresponding C5 substituted thiazolidinones were obtained. During the primary pharmacological screening of antioxidant activity, 2 substances with a pronounced antioxidant effect were isolated. Further optimization of the structure is currently in progress.

S1P Signaling Pathways in Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes.

The pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is very complicated. The currently well-accepted etiology is the “Ominous Octet” theory proposed by Professor Defronzo. Since presently used drugs for T2DM have limitations and harmful side effects, studies regarding alternative treatments are being conducted. Analyzing the pharmacological mechanism of biomolecules in view of pathogenesis is an effective way to assess new drugs. Sphingosine 1 phosphate (S1P), an endogenous lipid substance in the human body, has attracted increasing attention in the T2DM research field. This article reviews recent study updates of S1P, summarizing its effects on T2DM with respect to pathogenesis, promoting β cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis, reducing insulin resistance, protecting the liver and pancreas from lipotoxic damage, improving intestinal incretin effects, lowering basal glucagon levels, etc. With increasing research, S1P may help treat and prevent T2DM in the future.

The Nature of the Body in Sport and Physical Culture: From Bodies and Environments to Ecological Embodiment

This article raises the ecological substance and relational co-constitution of bodies as a generative question for sociologists of sport and physical culture. It proceeds from our observation that recent research on the materiality of athletic bodies, and on the environmental issues in which sport is implicated, tends to run on parallel tracks. By exploring how biological, environmental, and social natures cohere in the making and unmaking of healthy bodies, our aim is to connect and extend these vibrant areas of research. We do so by developing the concept of “ecological embodiment,” a descriptor for a fluid state of becoming and a sensibility for thinking about hierarchical socioecological entanglements. To illustrate this concept, we draw on a study of whey protein powder, a key ingredient in contemporary fitness cultures.

Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea at an outpatient memory clinic.

ObjectivesObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder that has several health hazards, including cognitive dysfunction. Studies have thus far primarily focussed on the prevalence of cognitive impairment in patients diagnosed with OSA at sleep clinics. The present study aims to investigate the prevalence of OSA at an outpatient memory clinic.MethodsA dataset of patients who visited our memory clinic in the period from June 2015 to September 2019 was retrospectively examined for the presence of OSA. The primary outcome measure was the prevalence of OSA, subdivided into three cognitive syndrome diagnosis groups: subjective cognitive complaints (SCC), mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Secondary outcome measures included age, education level, body mass index, substance use, depression and OSA criteria.ResultsOf the 885 patients included in this study, 153 patients had already been or were diagnosed with OSA (17.3%). The percentage of OSA in the SCC group was significantly higher compared with the dementia group (26.7% vs 8.0%; OR 3.83 [95%CI 2.43‐5.99]). Age differed significantly between the SCC group and the dementia group: 63.5 vs 71.5 years (7.6 ± 1.810; P < .001). Higher education level was associated with a lower prevalence of dementia compared to SCC (OR 0.068[95%CI 0.008‐0.588]). Severity parameters of OSA did not show significant differences across the various cognitive syndrome diagnosis groups.ConclusionsPrevalence of OSA at our outpatient memory clinic is generally high. Especially in patients with SCC. We would therefore advocate screening for OSA at memory clinics.

Processed rehmanniae radix can improve cold syndrome damage of rats by regulating glycolipid metabolism

Background: The traditional chinese medicine have medicinal property,and the property of the drug has been found to be mostly related to the body's substance and energy metabolism. Objectives: The present study intended to assess the drug property of Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata (PRR), called Shudihuang in traditional Chinese medicine and to discover its mechanism of cold syndrome in rats. Materials and Methods: Through the creation of a typical cold syndrome animal model, the appearance score, body weight, rectal temperatures, and survival rate of the animals treated were evaluated at different time points. Several indices in vivo correlated with glycolipid metabolism (glucose transporters (GLUT- 4), fructose phosphate kinase (PFK- 2), glycogen synthetase (GS), acetyl- CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), acetyl- CoA carboxylase 2 (ACC2), hydroxy methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) and hormone- sensitive lipase (HSL) were determined; Western blot is used to analyze of phosphorylated amp- dependent protein kinase (p- AMPK) appearance in liver tissues. Results: Compared with the normal group, the levels of GLUT- 4, PFK- 2, GS, ACC1, ACC2, HMG- CoA, and HSL in the model group all reduced significantly and p- AMPK protein expression diminished. Compared with the model group, PRR can significantly relapse to GLUT- 4, PFK- 2, GS, ACC1, ACC2, HMG- CoA, and HSL (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05) and rise the expression of p- AMPK. RR could suggestively diminution the level of these indices (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). Conclusion: Drug property of PRR was inferred as trending to “heat and warm,” which still essential for further study. PRR may recover the metabolic function of the cold syndrome model rats by distressing the process of glycolipid metabolism which is by triggering the AMPK signaling pathway.

Mesoporous TiO2-based architectures as promising sensing materials towards next-generation biosensing applications.

In the past two decades, mesoporous TiO2 has emerged as a promising material for biosensing applications. In particular, mesoporous TiO2 materials with uniform, well-organized pores and high surface areas typically exhibit superior biosensing performance, which includes high sensitivity, broad linear response, low detection limit, good reproducibility, and high specificity. Therefore, the development of biosensors based on mesoporous TiO2 has significantly intensified in recent years. In this review, the expansion and advancement of mesoporous TiO2-based biosensors for glucose detection, hydrogen peroxide detection, alpha-fetoprotein detection, immobilization of enzymes, proteins, and bacteria, cholesterol detection, pancreatic cancer detection, detection of DNA damage, kanamycin detection, hypoxanthine detection, and dichlorvos detection are summarized. Finally, the future perspective and research outlook on the utilization of mesoporous TiO2-based biosensors for the practical diagnosis of diseases and detection of hazardous substances are also given.

Isolation and identification of a high-efficiency phenol-degrading bacteria and optimization of its degradation conditions

Phenol is widely used in China, it not only pollutes the environment, but also accumulates toxic substances in the human body through the food chain, further harming humans. In this experiment, a strain of high-efficiency low-temperature degradation phenol bacteria B5 was selected from the soil contaminated by organic matter of Lanzhou. Through research methods such as Gram staining observation, DNA extraction, PCR amplification, sequencing and comparison, it was found that this strain was Pantoea agglomerans. Through the subsequent optimization of degradation conditions, it was found that the B5 strain can degrade 500mg/L of phenol to 24.8mg/L in 36h. The ability to degrade phenol is stronger between pH5.5-pH6.0, and the ability to degrade phenol is higher in a medium containing 4-8g/L sodium chloride. This research can provide certain theoretical guidance for phenol degradation.