This study examines community based treatment and care for juvenile substance abuse in Korea. When he or she abused drugs during adolescence, the psychological and physical harm they suffer is far greater than that of adults. In addition, there is an undeniable link between substance abuse and delinquency. Recently, with the increase of juvenile substance abuse, it is necessary to revise criminal system for juvenile substance abuse. Japan also has a problem of juvenile substance abuse. In particular, cannabis abuse has been increasing, especially in their 20s and 30s, so that measures to prevent drug dependence against cannabis abuse among adolescents are being discussed. And to prevent juvenile substance abuse, criminal justice and relevant institutions run treatment program for substance abuse. Youth detention center, probation offices, and offenders rehabilitation facilities support the treatment program to prevent relapse into substance abuse, and each local government strengthens preventive education. However, there are limits that there is no substance abuse prevention program for all delinquents, the treatment program conducted by probation is mainly for adults, there are some restrictions on the implementation of the treatment program, and there is no intervention in the early stages of substance abuse. Referring to the community based treatment and care for juvenile substance abuse in Japan, we can improve our strategy to eradicate substance abuse by young people. Officials should accurately understand the system to prevent substance abuse and implement it properly. In addition, it is necessary to introduce substance abuse treatment at offenders rehabilitation facilities, and focus on substance abuse prevention education.