Abstract
Background: the reduction in the premature mortality as a result of non-contagious diseases by way of the improvement measures to be adopted with the purpose of prevention and treatment of the substance abuse and general health care activities were outlined by the United Nations Organization as the primary objectives as far back as 2015 in order to work towards sustainable development (the objective № 3 “Promotion of healthy lifestyle and furtherance of wellbeing of individuals of all ages” in 2030 perspective). There is a high risks for the Russian Federation of transnational drugs expansion developing [1]. Concurrently, in order to build a national dependence prevention system, Decree № 581н as of 06.10.2014 “On the Preventive Medical Screening to be made at educational establishments” was issued by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Purpose: the research was supposed to focus on Preventive Medical Screening as a measure of prevention of illegal usage of substances and mental disorders among minor students and on the optimization of such preventive medical screening. Materials and methods: the fi ndings are based on the posthoc analysis of the data of the Federal statistical survey form and of the research and information reports (n = 491 280 students). The results: the fi ndings of the preventive medical screening made across the Russian Federation and in Moscow over the years 2016–2018 show the increase of minor students involved into such preventive medical screening, as well as the decrease of those who might use psychoactive drugs. The same fi ndings show that the majority of the illegal drug users were students of secondary vocational schools. The fi ndings can be called a trend across the Russian Federation and in Moscow. Conclusions: non-medical usage of substances among minor students can be a serious threat to the mental health of the youth. There are suggestions for improvement prevention of mental disorders among students at the results of the research. These include methodology of Brief Motivational Consulting at a time of preventive medical screening and the ways of increase effectivity toxicology screening in different educational organizations offering to add in preventive medical screening cotinine (it’s metabolite of nicotine) screening for students of primary school; it’s have to systematically update and expand types of screening tools for substances in preventive medical screening in all educations organizations.
Highlights
Psychopathology, Clinical and Biological Psychiatry and in Moscow over the years 2016–2018 show the increase of minor students involved into such preventive medical screening, as well as the decrease of those who might use psychoactive drugs
The same findings show that the majority of the illegal drug users were students of secondary vocational schools
Conclusions: non-medical usage of substances among minor students can be a serious threat to the mental health of the youth
Summary
Резюме Обоснование: снижение преждевременной смертности от неинфекционных заболеваний путем совершенствования профилактики и лечения зависимости от психоактивных веществ (ПАВ), поддержание психического здоровья — эти задачи 41 были определены ООН в 2015 г. для достижения устойчивого развития (пункт No 3 «Обеспечение здорового образа жизни и содействие благополучию для всех в любом возрасте» до 2030 г.). Резюме Обоснование: снижение преждевременной смертности от неинфекционных заболеваний путем совершенствования профилактики и лечения зависимости от психоактивных веществ (ПАВ), поддержание психического здоровья — эти задачи 41 были определены ООН в 2015 г. Цель: исследование ПМО как меры предупреждения психических и поведенческих расстройств, вызванных употреблением ПАВ среди обучающихся, а также разработка предложений по оптимизации ПМО обучающихся. Выявлен прирост обучающихся, участвующих в ПМО, а также установлено уменьшение числа лиц, незаконно употребляющих ПАВ. Выводы: немедицинское употребление психоактивных веществ является серьезной угрозой для психического здоровья молодежи. Для предупреждения употребления ПАВ рекомендуется применение краткосрочного мотивационного консультирования (КМК) при проведении ПМО обучающихся. Признается целесообразным систематически расширять и обновлять инструменты диагностики наркотических веществ при проведении ПМО во всех видах ОО. Раннее выявление незаконного употребления наркотических средств и психотропных веществ среди обучающихся как способ предупреждения психических и поведенческих расстройств.
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