Mean Subscale Scores Research Articles

COVID-19 perceptions, impacts, and experiences: a cross-sectional analysis among New Jersey cancer survivors.

BackgroundCancer survivors are particularly vulnerable to adverse COVID-19-related outcomes, but limited data exist on perceptions about the pandemic and related experiences in this group.MethodsIn a cross-sectional analysis of 494 survivors of genitourinary, breast, gynecologic, colorectal, lung, melanoma, or thyroid cancer, from a larger study of cancer survivors in New Jersey, we assessed perceptions about COVID-19 threat, impacts, and experiences using three validated instruments. Responses were coded on a 7-point Likert scale, and subscales were averaged across included items, with higher scores indicating greater perceptions of COVID-19 threat and greater impacts and experiences because of the pandemic. Multivariable linear regression models were used to determine factors associated with higher scores, with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons.ResultsIn general, cancer survivors reported moderate perceived COVID-19 threat (3 items, mean score = 3.71 ± 1.97), minimal COVID-19-related impacts (6 items, mean score = 2.23 ± 1.34), and COVID-19-related experiences (7 items, mean score = 2.17 ± 1.00). COVID-19 impact subscale scores varied little (mean subscale score range = 2.09 to 2.29), while COVID-19 experiences subscale scores were quite variable (mean subscale score range = 1.52 to 3.39). Asian American/Pacific Islander race, Black race, female sex, and having more cardiovascular and metabolic and other comorbidities were associated with higher scores on the perceived coronavirus threat questionnaire. Having completed the COVID-19 questionnaires earlier in the pandemic, younger age, American/Pacific Islander race, Hispanic ethnicity, and having more comorbidities were associated with higher scores on the COVID-19 impact questionnaire. Younger age, racial minority status, and having more cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities were associated with higher scores on the COVID-19 experience questionnaire.ConclusionAmong cancer survivors in New Jersey—a state that experienced high rates of COVID-19 infection—sociodemographic and health-related factors (e.g., race and ethnicity, sex, and multimorbidity) correlate with greater perceptions of COVID-19 threat, impacts, and experiences.Implications for Cancer SurvivorsStudies are needed to examine the influence of vaccination status on COVID-19 perceptions and identify inequities in clinical outcomes due to pandemic-related disruptions to cancer care.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11764-022-01236-6.

Cyberchondria levels in women with human papilloma virus.

To investigate the level of cyberchondria in patients with high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) positivity. One hundred and forty women who applied to our clinic between July 2020 and September 2020 and were diagnosed with high-risk HPV positivity or abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) were included in the study. The Cyberchondria Severity Scale (CSS) was administered face-to-face to the participants. CSS and subscales scores of both groups of patients were evaluated and compared. The mean score of the patients on the CSS was 78.54 ± 22.09 and the patients with AUB and HPV(+) was 67.43 ± 19.87 and 84.16 ± 21.08, respectively. The mean subscale scores were as follows, compulsion 13.89 ± 6.49, distress 20.07 ± 7.54, excessiveness 22.40 ± 8.18, reassurance 15.07 ± 6.56, and mistrust of medical professionals 7.26 ± 3.62. The mean scores of the CSS and subscales except for the mistrust of medical professional subscale were higher in patients who were HPV-positive than in other patients. Women with HPV have higher levels of cyberchondria. Medical professionals can reduce this anxiety by giving information to patients.

Resilience and work-related stress among mental health nurses in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Work-related stress is harmful physical and emotional reactions that can occur when there is a conflict between an employee’s work needs and his or her level of control to meet those demands. Work-related stress can come from multiple causes, however, when stress occurs in unmanageable amounts for the nurse, mental and physical changes may occur. Resilience gives people the mental toughness to deal with stress, trauma, adversity, and difficulties. The study aimed to explore the level of work-related stress among mental health care nurses and their resilience capacity at Eradah & Mental Health Complex–Eradah Services (EMHC-ES) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. A descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional research design was utilized taking the responses of 172 nurses. The questionnaire encompassed the Mental Health Professional Stress Scale (MHPSS) 42 items assessed on a four-point Likert scale and the Connor Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10) 10-items assessed on a 5-point Likert scale. The results revealed a satisfactorily high level of resilience (M = 30.7 on a scale of 0-40) and a moderate level of stress among the participants (M = 1.86 on a scale of 0 to 3) with the mean subscale score was the highest for the workload associated stress and the lowest for the homework conflict-related stress. There was a near to significant correlation between the stress level and the resilience among the participants (p = .053). An appropriate strategy in health care organizations to assess stress, explore causes, and provide early management in mental health care settings is highly recommended.

Usability, Engagement, Learning Outcomes, Benefits and Challenges of Using a Mobile Classroom Response System During Clinical Simulations for Undergraduate Nursing Students

BackgroundThis study evaluated the perceived usability, engagement, learning, benefits and challenges as well as academic achievement of using a mobile classroom response system (CRS) in the classroom and clinical simulation lab with undergraduate nursing students. MethodA descriptive mixed-methods study was conducted with second year BSN students (n = 81) in two streams, a traditional four year and accelerated twoyear track accelerated standing track (AST). Learner perceptions were measured using the Classroom Response System Perceptions (CRiSP) Questionnaire and qualitative feedback. ResultsOverall, nursing student ratings on the CRiSP Questionnaire were moderately high, with a mean total score of 94.1 (SD = 14.7) out of 135. Mean subscale scores were also moderately high for usability (16.1 out of 20; SD = 3.5), engagement (36.7 out of 55; SD = 7.0) and learning (41 out of 60; SD =7.1). Participants described several perceived benefits that are represented by six themes and a few challenges that are represented by two themes. ConclusionsMobile CRSs can support nursing student's engagement and learning in presimulation preparation, and in the prebriefing and debriefing phases of clinical simulations.

Stress, Anxiety and Depression Among Family Caregivers of COVID-19 Patients in Northwest Iran: A Cross-sectional Study

Background: Taking care of a patient with COVID-19 can have a significant psychological burden. This study aimed at determining the levels of stress, anxiety and depression symptoms among family caregivers of Covid-19 patients.
 Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 236 main caregivers of coronavirus patients in Zanjan, Iran in 2020. The data measurement tool was the DASS-21 electronic questionnaire which was designed using the Porsline platform and was sent to the participants via SMS and WhatsApp messages. Descriptive statistics and Pearson’s R, Student’s T test and analysis of variance were performed to analyze the data in SPSS version 25.Results: The mean age of participants was 34.72±9.52 years. Of the participants, 57.21, 70.77 and 55.09% had symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress, respectively. Females experienced higher levels of stress than males (p=0.049). Additionally, the mean score of depression sub-scale was significantly different between categories of employment status (p=0.029), as self-employed workers had significantly higher depression sub-scale scores (10.97±10.85) compared to the other two groups. No significant associations were found between age and depression, anxiety, and stress of the participants. Moreover, the mean scores of depressions, anxiety, and stress sub-scales were not significantly different between categories of marital status and levels of education.
 Conclusion: The majority of family caregivers experienced depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. This significant prevalence of psychological burden among these individuals underscores the need for supportive measures by policy makers and communities to prevent further severe consequences and help them reduce these symptoms.

The Portuguese osteopaths' attitudes towards a biomechanical or biopsychosocial model in the approach of chronic low back pain – A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey

ObjectiveThis study investigated the Portuguese Osteopaths attitudes towards a biomechanical or biopsychosocial approach of care in patients with chronic low back pain (cLBP). MethodsA cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey of Portuguese registered osteopaths was composed using sociodemographic determinants, the Health Care Providers' Pain and Impairment Relationship Scale (HC-PAIRS) and Pain Attitudes and Beliefs for Physiotherapists (PABS-PT). The HC-PAIRS assesses the attitudes and beliefs about the functional expectations of patients with cLBP, and the PABS-PT assesses the dominant model of care. ResultsPortuguese registered osteopaths (n = 103) had mean PABS-PT subscale scores of 29.6 ± 7.7 [CI95% 28.12–31.14] (biomechanical) and 22.9 ± 5.3 [CI95% 21.88–23.94] (biopsychosocial). The mean HC-PAIRS total score was 52.4 ± 9.0 [CI95% 50.66–54.16]. There was a strong and positive correlation between the HC-PAIRS and the PABS-PT biomechanical subscale (n (103) = 0.55, p < 0.001, and in PABS-PT a negative correlation between the biomechanical and biopsychosocial subscale scores (n(103) = -0.21, p = 0.028). ConclusionsPortuguese osteopaths tend to adopt a biomechanical model of care instead of a biopsychosocial model in the management of patients with chronic low back pain. They seem to agree that chronic low back pain was due entirely to tissue damage, indicating strong biomechanical beliefs about the pain that may ultimately influence their clinical decisions.

Medical residents are facing burnout, who are at stake? A cross-sectional study in three university hospitals in Istanbul

Objective: Residency has become a vulnerable period for burnout among physicians because many common and specific stress factors in healthcare. Our study aims to evaluate the burnout level among medical residents in three tertiary care hospitals and to identify the relationship between socio-demographic and occupational factors with the burnout level. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in December 2019. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaires from 490 residents (64.2% of 763 eligible) who work at hospitals of three medical oriented universities in Istanbul, Turkey. Results: Mean scores for subscales of Maslach Burnout Inventory (Turkish adaptation) are 19.1±7.7 for Emotional Exhaustion, 7.3±4.3 for Depersonalization, and 20.7±5.1 for Personal Achievement. Female residents or residents who pursue surgical specialties or have more night shifts, experience more Emotional Exhaustion than their counterparts. Depersonalization increases accordingly with the increase of years in residency and the number of night shifts. Residents working at the hospital of foundation universities feel higher Personal Achievement than those of the state university. Conclusion: The burnout level of the participants is concerning and appears to be influenced by several modifiable occupational factors. Particularly, the impact of each year of residency training and the number of shifts should be considered carefully.

The Association Between Nurses’ Knowledge About Palliative Care and Their Life Satisfaction

Background: Nurses frequently encounter terminally ill patients, indicating the need for knowledge about palliative care. Also, their life satisfaction is affected by various factors. Objectives: This study aimed to identify the association between nurses’ knowledge about palliative care and their life satisfaction. Methods: Following a cross-sectional design, 64 volunteer nurses working in various surgery units were studied. Data were collected using the “Socio-demographic Form”, “Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS)”, and the “Palliative Care Knowledge Test (PCKT)”. Results: PCKT total score was 10.09 ± 4.78, and SWLS total score was 19.58 ± 7.02. Also, the pain sub-scale mean score was higher than the philosophy, dyspnea, psychiatric problems, and gastrointestinal problems sub-scale mean scores (P &lt; 0.01). There was a significant association between PCKT and sub-scale total scores (P &lt; 0.01). Conclusions: Nurses’ knowledge about palliative care and its management enables them to control symptoms such as pain and dyspnea successfully.

Evaluation of the Perception of Illness and Quality of Life in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction.

This study aimed to evaluate the illness perception and quality of life of patients who had an acute myocardial infarction. This descriptive and correlational study included 301 patients diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction at the cardiology outpatient clinic of a hospital. The data were collected using Illness Perception Questionnaire-Revised and Myocardial Infarction Dimensional Assessment Scale. The mean age of the patients was 59.04 ± 5.56 years and 51% were female. The evaluation of subdimension mean scores according to the scores of the patients from the Illness Perception Questionnaire-Revised showed that the highest mean score was obtained from the consequences subscale under the Illness Representation dimension whereas the lowest mean score was from the illness coherence subscale. The overall Myocardial Infarction Dimensional Assessment Scale score (49.43 ± 11.40) of the patients was observed to be moderate. The Illness Perception Questionnaire-Revised subdimensions were observed to have a positive and significant correlation with Myocardial Infarction Dimensional Assessment Scale total score and subscales mean scores. According to the regression analysis results, treatment control, illness coherence, and emotional representations subscales under the Illness Representation dimension and immunity subscale under the Causal Representation dimension were observed to predict the quality of life, and patients obtaining higher scores from these dimensions had higher quality of life. On the other hand, the consequences subscale under Illness Representation dimension and psychological attributions under Causal Representation dimension were found to be factors decreasing the quality of life. This study showed that patients thought some of the symptoms were related to their illness, the level of comprehension of the disease is low, and their quality of life was moderate. Patients should have a positive illness perception to have a higher quality of life.

Investigating the Image of the Profession of Nursing in the Society in the COVID-19 Pandemic Process: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the image of the profession of nursing in the society in the COVID-19 pandemic process. Materials and Methods: The study is of the cross-sectional descriptive type. The sample was determined with the snowball sampling method. The questionnaire forms were sent online to the participants between 15 August and 1 September 2020. 1020 individuals who responded to the questionnaires were included in the study. A Descriptive Information Form and the Nursing Image Scale (NIS) were used to collect the data. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, independent-samples t-test and ANOVA. Results: There were significant differences in the mean NIS general view and communication subscale scores based on gender, in the mean NIS total and subscale scores based on marital status, educational level, occupation, place of residence, having a nurse relative working during the pandemic and view towards the profession of nursing and in the mean NIS occupational and educational qualities subscale score based on hospitalization during the pandemic process (p<0.05). Conclusion: It was found in the study that the image of nursing in the society was positive in the pandemic period.

Validation of the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire of Obstructive Sleep Apnea among ElderlyChinese in the General Population.

The prevalence of under-diagnosis among individuals with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is alarming, and may be associated with perceptions regarding OSA. To facilitate future studies on OSA, this study validated the revised version of the Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R) for OSA in a general population. A random anonymous population-based telephone survey interviewed 580 adults aged ≥ 50years in Hong Kong, who self-reported not having been told by doctors as having OSA, from February 5 to March 19, 2021. The confirmatory factor analysis identified a modified 7-factor model (i.e., timeline chronic, consequence, personal control, treatment control, illness coherence, timeline cyclical, and emotional representation) that showed satisfactory model fit index and internal consistency. Nine items were removed from the original version because of low factor loadings. No floor and ceiling effects were observed. Convergent validity was supported by the positive associations between the consequence subscale with perceived negative outcomes of OSA and between the illness coherence subscale and perceived understanding of OSA symptoms. The participants tended to endorse the items of timeline chronic, treatment control, and illness coherence but not with those of emotional representations. The mean scores of the IPQ-R subscales differed by age and education level. The modified IPQ-R of OSA showed acceptable psychometric properties. It is applicable to assessing illness perceptions of OSA in theChinese general population aged ≥ 50years not having received OSA diagnosis. The validated tool would support future studies and health practices related to OSA.

Evaluation of the Perception of Illness and Quality of Life in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction.

This study aimed to evaluate the illness perception and quality of life of patients who had an acute myocardial infarction.This descriptive and correlational study included 301 patients diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction at the cardiology outpatient clinic of a hospital. The data were collected using Illness Perception Questionnaire-Revised and Myocardial Infarction Dimensional Assessment Scale.The mean age of the patients was 59.04 ± 5.56 years and 51% were female. The evaluation of subdimension mean scores according to the scores of the patients from the Illness Perception Questionnaire-Revised showed that the highest mean score was obtained from the consequences subscale under the Illness Representation dimension whereas the lowest mean score was from the illness coherence subscale. The overall Myocardial Infarction Dimensional Assessment Scale score (49.43 ± 11.40) of the patients was observed to be moderate. The Illness Perception Questionnaire-Revised subdimensions were observed to have a positive and significant correlation with Myocardial Infarction Dimensional Assessment Scale total score and subscales mean scores. According to the regression analysis results, treatment control, illness coherence, and emotional representations subscales under the Illness Representation dimension and immunity subscale under the Causal Representation dimension were observed to predict the quality of life, and patients obtaining higher scores from these dimensions had higher quality of life. On the other hand, the consequences subscale under Illness Representation dimension and psychological attributions under Causal Representation dimension were found to be factors decreasing the quality of life.This study showed that patients thought some of the symptoms were related to their illness, the level of comprehension of the disease is low, and their quality of life was moderate. Patients should have a positive illness perception to have a higher quality of life.

Chronic Primary or Secondary Noninflammatory Musculoskeletal Pain and Disrupted Sexual Function and Relationships: A Systematic Review.

Evidence points to the impact of chronic musculoskeletal pain conditions on sexual function, yet there is little systematic appraisal and synthesis of evidence examining these associations across noninflammatory conditions. We aimed to systematically review evidence surrounding the association between chronic primary and chronic secondary musculoskeletal pain with intimate relationships and sexual function. Four electronic databases were searched from January 1, 1990 to September 5, 2019 for cross-sectional or prospective epidemiologic and qualitative studies among cohorts with chronic primary or secondary noninflammatory musculoskeletal pain, defined by International Classification of Diseases, Eleventh Revision classification criteria. Fifty-one eligible studies were included (46 quantitative, 3 qualitative, 2 mixed-methods designs). Sample sizes ranged from 13 to 12,377 and mean age from 32.6 to 69.2 years. Cross-sectional controlled cohort studies consistently reported poorer sexual function outcomes among cohorts with pain relative to comparison groups. Of 15 studies reporting outcomes for the Female Sexual Function Index, 14 demonstrated mean scores of ≤26.55 for the pain group, indicating sexual dysfunction. In 4 studies reporting the International Index of Erectile Function, the pain cohorts demonstrated consistently lower mean subscale scores and the erectile function subscale scores were ≤25.0, indicating erectile dysfunction. Three key themes emerged from a meta-synthesis of qualitative studies: impaired sexual function; compromised intimate relationships; and impacts of pain on sexual identity, body image, and self-worth. Sexual dysfunction and negative impacts on intimate relationships are highly prevalent among people with chronic noninflammatory musculoskeletal pain. Consideration of these associations is relevant to the delivery of holistic, person-centered musculoskeletal pain care.

Association between ocular trauma and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adult patients.

Purpose:To investigate the potential relationship between ocular trauma and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-related clinical outcomes in adults.Methods:This prospective case-control study included 108 ocular trauma patients and 90 age-sex-matched healthy control. The ocular trauma group was separated into the subgroups home accident, outdoor activity, and work related in terms of the reasons for ocular trauma, and as ocular surface problems, blunt trauma-related, and open globe injury in terms of the clinical findings. The ADHD-related clinical outcomes were evaluated using the Wender-Utah Rating Scale (WURS). The outcomes were compared between ocular trauma and control groups, and ocular trauma subgroups.Results:The demographic characteristics of ocular trauma groups and controls were similar (P > 0.05, for all). In comparison to the control group, the ocular trauma group had higher total WURS score and WURS subscale scores, but not significantly (P > 0.05, for all). According to comparisons of the subgroups separated by the reasons, there was significant difference in the mean behavioral problems/impulsivity scores in favor of outdoor activities (P = 0.015). On the other hand, the mean scores for WURS subscales of the subgroups separated by the clinical findings were similar (P > 0.05, for all)Conclusion:WURS scores in ocular trauma patients are similar to control; however, the score in behavioral problems/impulsivity subscales is higher for ocular trauma caused by outdoor activities.

Factors Affecting Primiparous Women’s Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Levels

IntroductionThe aim of this study is to reveal the factors affecting primiparous pregnant women’s breastfeeding self-efficacy levels. This is a descriptive correlational study.MethodThe sample included 512 primiparous pregnant women. A personal information form, the Prenatal Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale (PBSES), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) and the Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Questionnaire–Revised (PRAQ-R2) were used for data collection.ResultsThe pregnant women’s mean total PBSES scores were found to differ significantly based on their descriptive and obstetric characteristics. There was a positive correlation between their mean PBSES scores and their MSPSS total and subscale mean scores. Additionally, there was a negative correlation between the participants’ mean total PBSES scores and their mean total PRAQ-R2 and “concern about own appearance” subscale scores. Place of residence for the longest time, pregnancy risk group, folic acid use before pregnancy, perceived family support, perceived support from friends and concern about own appearance were significant factors in explaining the variance in the pregnant women’s PBSES total scores.DiscussionBoth descriptive and obstetric characteristics of the primiparous pregnant women affected their breastfeeding self-efficacy levels. Social support was also determined to affect the participants’ breastfeeding self-efficacy levels positively, and whereas anxiety affected these levels negatively.

NVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF SOCIAL PHOBIA ON FEAR OF BIRTH IN PREGNANT WOMEN

The research was carried out to examine the effect of social phobia on fear of childbirth in pregnant women. The descriptive study was conducted with 326 pregnant women in a university hospital between December 2019 and May 2020. Research data were collected using personal data collection form, Wijma Birth Expectation/Experience Scale (W-DEQ) Version A, Brief Social Phobia Scale. Coding and evaluation of the data was done in SPSS 20.0 package program. The conformity of the data to the normal distribution was evaluated with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. In the statistical analysis of the data; descriptive statistics, independent inter group t test for normally distributed parametric data, One Way Anova were used. 54.0% of the pregnant women who participated in the study planned their pregnancy, 97.9% wanted their pregnancy, only 16.9% started to receive health care from the fourth week of their pregnancy. Pregnant women; The mean W-DEQA score is 68.96±11.46, the mean score of the Brief Social Phobia Scale anxiety subscale is 7.51±6.13, the avoidance subscale mean score is 6.76±6.29, the physical symptom subscale is 2, His total score was 59±3.10, and his total score was 16.88±14.29. No statistically significant difference was found between the W-DEQA mean score and the social phobia scale mean score (p&gt;0.05). Women with social phobia have an increased fear of childbirth. It is thought that this will increase the intervention in childbirth.

YOĞUN BAKIMA YATAN TİP 2 DİYABETLİ HASTALARIN İNSÜLİNE KARŞI ALGILARI İLE DİYABET ÖZ YÖNETİMLERİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Aim: This study aimed to determine the level of perception of insulin and diabetes symptom management of patients with Type 2 diabetes who received inpatient treatment in intensive care. &#x0D; Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in the Internal Medicine and Anesthesia Intensive Care units of a state hospital during the period of December 01, 2020 and March 31, 2021. The sample of the study was composed of 100 voluntary patients who used insulin. Research data were collected via the Patient Introduction Form, Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire and the Insulin Treatment Appraisal Scale. Written permission was obtained from ethics committee and patients. &#x0D; Results: The average age of the patients was 44.57 ± 14.8, 52% were female, 72% were single, 47% were primary school graduates, and 52% had a chronic complication related to diabetes. The mean time duration for being diagnosed with diabetes was 20.59 ± 12.87 years (3-52) while the mean duration of insulin use was 2.8 ± 1.17 years. Patients’ ITAS positive and negative item subscale mean scores were 11.44 ± 3.43 and 48.18 ± 12.09, respectively. Patients’ mean Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire total score was 4.07 ± 1.74 (range: 0.62-8.75).&#x0D; Conclusion: Patients have a high negative perception towards insulin use and their diabetes self-management is below the average. There was a high level of negative correlation between patients’ negative insulin perception and glucose management and diet control sub-dimensions of their diabetes self-management.

Nurses’ authentic leadership and their perceptions of safety climate: differences across areas of work and hospitals

PurposeThis study aims to compare nurses’ authentic leadership and perceptions of the safety climate and concepts association according to different areas of work and types of hospitals.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional design was used to conduct this comparative study on 314 Jordanian nurses. The Authentic Leadership Questionnaire (ALQ) and the Safety Climate Survey (SCS) were used.FindingsNurses in private hospitals were more educated. True leadership was mild. Unit nurses had higher ALQ and subscale mean scores. Armed forces hospitals had the highest ALQ subscales, while governmental hospitals had the lowest. The ALQ mean scores favored military hospitals. Governmental hospitals have a negative safety climate. Unit nurses had a higher SCS mean than ward nurses. Military, governmental and private hospitals are rated the safest. Nurses benefited from higher SCS scores in military hospitals. Nurses’ ALQ and safety climate perceptions were moderately positive.Research limitations/implicationsA larger, randomized and equal-sized sample is recommended in future studies to conclude different areas of work and hospitals. It is also recommended to report the confidence interval in further studies using different statistical methods, increasing confidence when interpreting statistical significance variables. Other mediating, moderating and predicting variables could be studied and compared across different areas of work and types of hospitals. Sample characteristics should be handled as confounding variables in the next planned study using various ways to control confounding variables such as randomization, restriction, matching, regression and statistical control. The authors plan to statistically control for the confounding variables by entering them into the regression model. Future studies could investigate safety culture; both safety culture and safety climate are formative and inclusive terms (Experts Insight, 2017).Practical implicationsThis paper fills in the gap in the literature and practice. Authentic leadership is associated with safety climate perceptions and varies across different areas of work and hospitals. Interventions are required to improve safety climate perceptions and promote authentic leadership in all settings and hospitals. Military hospitals ranked the highest in nurses’ perceptions of authentic leadership and safety climate.Social implicationsThe current study’s favorable association between authentic leadership and safety climate measurement would apply to many high-risk institutions, including public and private hospitals. It becomes necessary to include the impacts of authentic leadership on the safe climate within the nursing curriculum and continuing education courses. This may be put into action by executing a hands-on activity, followed by information and reflection conversations that highlight the link between authentic leadership and safety climate measurement. According to the findings of this study, authentic leadership appears to be a basic block in making a difference in nurses’ views of safety climate.Originality/valueAuthentic leadership style is a relatively new concept in the health-care sector, and its link to safety climate security still needs empirical evidence. It is still unclear how leadership resulted in more effective outcomes (Maziero et al., 2020). Few studies investigated both the concepts of authentic leadership and the nursing safety climate (Dirik and Intepeler, 2017; Lee et al., 2019a; Woo and Han, 2018). Aside from the scarcity of studies, no study has compared “working area,” “department” or “hospital type” concepts. Few comparative studies have been conducted using concepts of interest. For example, authentic leadership was linked to empowerment and burnout (Laschinger et al., 2013) and nurses’ satisfaction with safety climates (Vatani et al., 2021). No research has examined authentic leadership in Jordan’s nursing and health-care context. Few studies focused on the safety climate other than authentic leadership (Abualrub et al., 2012) or the safety culture in Jordan rather than the safety climate (Khater et al., 2015).

Adaptation and Validation of the Person-Centred Assessment Tool for the Acute Care Setting

Introduction: Person-centred care (PCC) is synonymous with best practice in the care of persons with dementia. Despite this, PCC is not routinely assessed, and there is no validated tool for in the acute care setting. We aimed to validate the Person-Centred Assessment Tool (P-CAT) in an acute setting. Methods: P-CAT was administered independently to a total of 161 nurses (n = 16, from a specialized dementia unit with PCC training; n = 116, geriatric wards; n = 30, medical/surgical wards). The word “residents” was replaced with “patients” in P-CAT. We employed confirmatory factor analysis with principal component extraction to verify the previously reported three- and two-factor solutions. A one-way between-groups ANOVA was then used to investigate group differences in the P-CAT score (total scale and subscale). Results: Factor analysis revealed a two-factor solution (explained variance 42.28%): (i) extent of personalizing care and (ii) amount of organizational and environmental support. Out of the 13 items, only 2 items did not load as expected. The internal consistency reliability of the scale was satisfactory (Cronbach’s α = 0.77). Nurses’ P-CAT scores were significantly different across ward settings [Welch’s F(2,37.20) = 13.01, p < 0.001, ω2 = 0.09], with the highest among those PCC trained. Post hoc analyses revealed a significant difference in mean subscale scores between PCC-trained nurses and nurses from the other two ward settings. P-CAT scores were not significantly correlated with age, r(159) = 0.01, p = 0.861, or with nursing experience, r(159) = 0.04, p = 0.615. Discussion/Conclusion: P-CAT possesses adequate validity and reliability as a quantitative assessment tool of PCC in the acute care setting.

The effect of healthy lifestyle behaviours on smoking among university students

ABSTRACT Purpose The current study was conducted in order to determine the effect of healthy lifestyle behaviors on smoking university students. Material and Method The cross-sectional study was composed of a population of 8,054 students studying at five different faculties of Gumushane University. In the research, 921 students were reached by Convenience sampling method. The data were collected using a personal identification form, the Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Scale–II (HLBS-II), and the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). Mean, percentage, the independent samples t-test, the Chi-square test, and regression analysis were utilized to assess the data. Results The smoking prevalence among the students was found to be 28%. It was determined that the HLBS-II mean score of the students was 128.22 ± 24.89. The FTND mean score was 2.64 ± 2.42. It was found that HLBS-II and the subscale mean score of smoking students was lower than those who did not smoke. Additionally, socio-demographic characteristics of the smoking students had an effect of 30.7% on the Fagerstrom Nicotine Dependence status. Conclusion Through the results of the present study, it was determined that students with a high level of healthy lifestyle behaviors smoked less and had lower levels of smoking addiction.