Subjects Of Different Age Groups Research Articles

Non-invasive evaluation of the common carotid artery in normal adults using ultrasound radiofrequency data technology

To evaluate the changes in CCA-IMT and vascular elasticity in healthy subjects in relation to age using radiofrequency data technology, to produce reference values for potential clinical applications. The following variables were measured in 160 subjects using radiofrequency data techniques: CCA-IMT, carotid distensibility (CD), local pulse-wave velocity (PWVβ), and stiffness (β). The subjects were divided into four age groups (30-39, 40-49, 50-59, and 60-69 years), with 20 men and 20 women in each group. The above parameters were compared among the different age groups. CCA-IMT increased significantly with age (p<0.05). CD decreased significantly in the 40-49-years compared with the 30-39-years age group (p<0.05). PWVβ showed a significant increase in the 30-39-, 40-49-, and 50-59-years age groups (p<0.05). β increased significantly in the 50-59- compared with the 40-49-years age group (p<0.05). Compared with the 50-59-years age group, CD, PWVβ, and β showed no significant changes in the 60-69-years age group (p>0.05), with mean values of 329.39±102.06 μm, 7.22±1.91 m/s, and 10.04±4.91, respectively. Ultrasound radiofrequency data technology provides a non-invasive method for quantitatively and accurately assessing increased CCA-IMT and reduced vascular elasticity in healthy subjects in different age groups. The reference values produced in this study will be useful in clinical practice.

Correlation of soft palate shape with skeletal malocclusion

Introduction: Soft palate is a fibromuscular organ essential for phonation, deglutition, respiration, and velopharyngeal competence. It exists in various shapes including rat tail type, leaf type, butt type, straight line, crooked type, and S shaped. There have been studies in the literature that has compared the morphological variation of soft palate in genders and subjects of different age groups. However, the literature is limited regarding the correlation of soft palate shape with different skeletal patterns. Hence, this study was undertaken. Aims: To study various shape of soft palate on lateral cephalogram in patients with skeletal Class I, Class II, and Class III malocclusions. Settings and Design: A retrospective study. Subjects and Methods: Total 90 lateral cephalograms of skeletal Class I (30), Class II (30), and Class III (30) were classified on the basis of W angle into skeletal pattern as Class I, Class II, and Class III. Their soft palates were traced and compared for the shape variation. Statistical Analysis Used: Pearson's Chi-square test. Results: The result showed that crooked shape soft palate is more frequent type among the population. In skeletal Class I malocclusion, crooked was most frequent shape of palate followed by leaf shape. In skeletal Class II malocclusion, crooked was most common followed by rat tail type and in Class III malocclusion, butt shape was most common followed by leaf type. Conclusions: Significant correlation exists between the variants of soft palate and skeletal malocclusion

АЛГОРИТМ ВЫЯВЛЕНИЯ В ТОПОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ОСОБЕННОСТЯХ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННОЙ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ ЭЭГ ПОКОЯ МАРКЕРОВ ЗАДАТКОВ СПОСОБНОСТЕЙ К УСПЕШНОМУ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЮ КОГНИТИВНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ

Предлагаемый алгоритм выявления в топологических особенностях пространственной организации межкортикальных взаимодействий потенциалов мозга у испытуемых в состоянии спокойного бодрствования маркеров задатков способностей к успешному выполнению различных видов когнитивной деятельности отличается существенной новизной. В его основе лежат известные, хотя и не столь широко распространенные, представления о существовании в биоэлектрической активности мозга человека биологических маркеров, характерных для данного индивидуума задатков общих и специальных способностей, маркеров возможности эффективного выполнения им разных видов когнитивной деятельности. Эти представления в отечественной психофизиологии, начиная с работ А.Н.Лебедева с соавторами, неоднократно получали экспериментальные подтверждения. В последние годы доказательная база таких подтверждений прогрессивно возрастает. Отличительной особенностью предложенного алгоритма является то, что в настоящем исследовании для анализа фоновой ЭЭГ применялись оценки не локальных характеристик биоэлектрической активности мозга, как в большинстве опубликованных работ по данной тематике, а показатели пространственной структуры межрегиональных взаимодействий потенциалов многих отделов коры больших полушарий. Поскольку психика является результатом целостной деятельности мозга, локальные нейрофизиологические явления, включая и ЭЭГ процессы, заведомо обладают меньшей информативностью, особенно с точки зрения затрагиваемых в настоящей работе вопросов.&#x0D; В настоящей работе было обследовано 120 испытуемых разного возраста: из них 41 человек взрослых испытуемых, 27 подростков 12 лет, 52 ребенка 5–6 лет. В каждой возрастной группе оценивали степень кросскорреляции пространственной структуры межрегиональных связей ЭЭГ, отводимых от различных отделов коры в состоянии спокойного бодрствования у испытуемых мужского и женского пола с качеством выполнения ими отдельных субтестов теста Векслера (WAIS и WISC). Для выявления индивидуумов, отличающихся повышенными способностями к наиболее успешному выполнению конкретных субтестов теста Векслера в анализируемых группах, был разработан специальный алгоритм. С этой целью выделяли тех индивидуумов в группе, которые отличались пространственной организацией паттернов межрегиональных взаимодействий фоновой активности мозга наиболее сходной с дистантной организацией паттернов межкортикальных взаимодействий, характерных для испытуемых, успешно выполняющих субтест. В результате проведённых исследований были получены данные, указывающие, что с высокой надежностью у испытуемых разных возрастных групп – у взрослых, подростков 12 лет и детей 5-6 лет, можно выявить в фоновой ЭЭГ наличие в топологических особенностях пространственной организации межкортикальных взаимодействий феномена отражения в ЭЭГ покоя задатков способностей к успешному выполнению различных видов когнитивной деятельности.

Measurement of dermal water content by confocal RAMAN spectroscopy to investigate intrinsic aging and photoaging of human skin in vivo.

In vivo confocal Raman spectroscopy (CRS) revealed a clear correlation of age and dermal water content, indicating increasing water content of the dermis with increasing age. This enhancement of water has been interpreted as an age-dependent depletion, of proteins, mainly of collagen. Chronical sun exposure is known to destroy the collagen network of the skin, which leads to the signs of photoaging as the formation of wrinkles. Noninvasive in vivo measuring techniques for photoaging are limited. Therefore, sensitive techniques to quantify even mild degrees of photoaging in a clinical setting are of high interest. We used CRS to measure the water content in human dermis in vivo, assuming that additionally to the increase of water content in intrinsic aging, photoaging would lead to further collagen depletion and an additional increase in water content of the dermis. A panel of 24 female subjects of different age-groups and scores of photoaging was recruited. A ranking of high resolution dorsal forearm photographs was used to classify the degree of photoaging with high precision. After that, CRS water content and collagen measurements were performed in the photoexposed dorsal as well as the photoprotected volar dermis of the subjects. A positive correlation of water content in the dermis with age could be confirmed (r=.550). Further, a positive correlation between water content of dorsal dermis and photoaging ranks was observed (Pearson's r=.417). Assessment of water content in the dermis with confocal Raman spectroscopy was found to be a promising method to measure the degree of photoaging in human subjects in vivo.

Sero-Epidemiological Study of Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the major viruses that cause respiratory infections in all generations, not only in neonates and infants. There is a limited number of reports on serological epidemiology of RSV subgroups A and B. Neutralizing test (NT) antibody reflects protective immunity but bothersome. Sero-epidemiological study should be performed using practical NT method. Methods: Two wild-type viruses subgroups A and B, isolated in 2013, and the Long strain was used as the challenge viruses. NT antibody with 100% inhibition of cytopathic effect (CPE) was examined. A total of 91 serum samples obtained from 0 to 12 years subjects without RSV infection who visited our hospital with some health problems and 121 sera obtained from healthy subjects in different age groups were used. Serological epidemiology of subgroups A and B was investigated in this study using new NT methods. Results: 1) A simple and practical NT method was developed. 2) The NT antibody titer was lowest in × 21.70 ± 2.03 against subgroup A and 5 × 20.85 ± 1.31 against subgroup B) and increased in 3 years of age or older, and high antibody titers were maintained during school age. 3) A slight difference was observed in the NT antibody titers against subgroups A and Bin young children Conclusions: A simple NT assay method was developed in the present study. By the age of 3 years, high NT antibody titers were observed and maintained until 12 years. The IgG (EIA) values decreased with age. No association was observed between IgG (EIA) and NT titers.

Early and accurate detection of bacterial isolates from dental plaque in subjects with primary, mixed, and permanent dentition by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry technique.

Background:Bacterial colonization of dentition in different age groups can impact prognosis in different dental diseases. Latest diagnostic technique such as matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) is increasingly being used for accurate identification of bacteria. This study was undertaken to evaluate the MALDI-TOF MS technique to identify bacterial pathogens from dental plaques in subjects with primary, mixed, and permanent dentition.Materials and Methods:The study included 150 subjects of different age groups and were divided into three groups - Group A: Subjects with primary dentition (n = 50), Group B: Subjects with mixed dentition (n = 50), and Group C: Subjects with permanent dentition (n = 50). Subgingival dental plaque samples were collected from buccal and lingual surfaces of premolar and molar teeth. Clinical parameters such as gingival index were recorded. Samples were cultured in routine aerobic and anaerobic medium. Bacterial growths were assessed by semiquantitative methods. Bacterial isolates were confirmed by MALDI-TOF MS technique.Results:MALDI-TOF MS detected all the culture-grown bacteria. In primary dentition group, purple and yellow complex bacteria predominated. Streptococcus spp. was the predominant bacteria (51%) followed by Escherichia coli (19%) and Veillonella spp. (19%). In mixed dentition and permanent group also, Streptococcus spp. was predominant (46%) followed by Veillonella spp. (24%) and E. coli(19%). However, in both groups, orange complex bacteria (bridge complex) such as Prevotella nigrescens and red complex bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis, 3%) were seen. For majority of bacteria, the load increased with age.Conclusions:The bacterial isolates showed a distinct age-specific colonization. The use of advanced technique such as MALDI-TOF MS is helpful in the detection of periodontal pathogens, and the effective oral health programs can be implemented to minimize the risk of periodontal diseases.

Deep Learning Based Person Authentication Using Hand Radiographs: A Forensic Approach

Biometric radiographs have gained importance in recent times owing to the rise in crime and disaster incidents. In recent times, authentication and identification of a person has become an essential part of most of the computer vision automation systems. Conventional fingerprint, iris, face, palm prints fail to recognize the human when the external biometric parts have been damaged due to rashes, wounds, and severe burning. Security, robustness, privacy, and non-forgery are the critical aspects of any person authentication system. In such situations, identification based on radiographs of the skull, hand, and teeth are effective replacement methods. In this paper, a novel forensic hand radiograph based human authentication is proposed using a deep neural network. Three-layered convolutional deep neural network architecture is used for the feature extraction of hand radiographs and for recognition; KNN and SVM classifiers are used. As a part of the experimentation, a total of 750 hand radiographs acquired from 150 subjects of different age groups, professions, and gender are considered. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated based on cross-validation accuracy by varying striding pixels, polling window size, kernel size, and the number of filters. Our experiment reveals that hand radiographs contain biometric information that can be used to identify humans in disaster victim identification. The experimental study also indicates that the proposed approach is significantly effective than conventional methods for the person authentication using hand radiographs.

Brain status modeling with non-negative projective dictionary learning

Accurate prediction of individuals’ brain age is critical to establish a baseline for normal brain development. This study proposes to model brain development with a novel non-negative projective dictionary learning (NPDL) approach, which learns a discriminative representation of multi-modal neuroimaging data for predicting brain age. Our approach encodes the variability of subjects in different age groups using separate dictionaries, projecting features into a low-dimensional manifold such that information is preserved only for the corresponding age group. The proposed framework improves upon previous discriminative dictionary learning methods by incorporating orthogonality and non-negativity constraints, which remove representation redundancy and perform implicit feature selection. We study brain development on multi-modal brain imaging data from the PING dataset (N = 841, age = 3−21 years). The proposed analysis uses our NDPL framework to predict the age of subjects based on cortical measures from T1-weighted MRI and connectome from diffusion weighted imaging (DWI). We also investigate the association between age prediction and cognition, and study the influence of gender on prediction accuracy. Experimental results demonstrate the usefulness of NDPL for modeling brain development.

Introducing a Novel Approach for Evaluation and Monitoring of Brain Health Across Life Span Using Direct Non-invasive Brain Network Electrophysiology.

ObjectiveEvaluation and monitoring of brain health throughout aging by direct electrophysiological imaging (DELPHI) which analyzes TMS (transcranial magnetic stimulation) evoked potentials.MethodsTranscranial magnetic stimulation evoked potentials formation, coherence and history dependency, measured using electroencephalogram (EEG), was extracted from 80 healthy subjects in different age groups, 25–85 years old, and 20 subjects diagnosed with mild dementia (MD), over 70 years old. Subjects brain health was evaluated using MRI scans, neurocognitive evaluation, and computerized testing and compared to DELPHI analysis of brain network functionality.ResultsA significant decrease in signal coherence is observed with age in connectivity maps, mostly in inter-hemispheric temporal, and parietal areas. MD patients display a pronounced decrease in global and inter-hemispheric frontal connectivity compared to healthy controls. Early and late signal slope ratio also display a significant, age dependent, change with pronounced early slope, phase shift, between normal healthy aging, and MD. History dependent analysis demonstrates a binary step function classification of healthy brain vs. abnormal aging subjects mostly for late slope. DELPHI measures demonstrate high reproducibility with reliability coefficients of around 0.9.ConclusionThese results indicate that features of evoked response, as charge transfer, slopes of response, and plasticity are altered during abnormal aging and that these fundamental properties of network functionality can be directly evaluated and monitored using DELPHI.

Age-Dependent Relationship Between Plasma Aβ40 and Aβ42 and Total Tau Levels in Cognitively Normal Subjects.

Both amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are pathological hallmarks in the brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the constituents of these hallmarks, amyloid beta (Aβ) 40, Aβ42, and total Tau (t-Tau), have been detected in the blood of cognitively normal subjects by using an immunomagnetic reduction (IMR) assay. Whether these levels are age-dependent is not known, and their interrelation remains undefined. We determined the levels of these biomarkers in cognitively normal subjects of different age groups. A total of 391 cognitively normal subjects aged 23–91 were enrolled from hospitals in Asia, Europe, and North America. Healthy cognition was evaluated by NIA-AA guidelines to exclude subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD and by cognitive assessment using the Mini Mental State Examination and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR). We examined the effect of age on plasma levels of Aβ40, Aβ42, and t-Tau and the relationship between these biomarkers during aging. Additionally, we explored age-related reference intervals for each biomarker. Plasma t-Tau and Aβ42 levels had modest but significant correlations with chronological age (r = 0.127, p = 0.0120 for t-Tau; r = −0.126, p = 0.0128 for Aβ42), ranging from ages 23 to 91. Significant positive correlations were detected between Aβ42 and t-Tau in the groups aged 50 years and older, with Rho values ranging from 0.249 to 0.474. Significant negative correlations were detected between Aβ40 and t-Tau from age 40 to 91 (r ranged from −0.293 to −0.582) and between Aβ40 and Aβ42 in the age groups of 30–39 (r = −0.562, p = 0.0235), 50–59 (r = −0.261, p = 0.0142), 60–69 (r = −0.303, p = 0.0004), and 80–91 (r = 0.459, p = 0.0083). We also provided age-related reference intervals for each biomarker. In this multicenter study, age had weak but significant effects on the levels of Aβ42 and t-Tau in plasma. However, the age group defined by decade revealed the emergence of a relationship between Aβ40, Aβ42, and t-Tau in the 6th and 7th decades. Validation of our findings in a large-scale and longitudinal study is warranted.

Modelling Autobiographical Memory Loss across Life Span

Neurocomputational modelling of long-term memory is a core topic in computational cognitive neuroscience, which is essential towards self-regulating brain-like AI systems. In this paper, we study how people generally lose their memories and emulate various memory loss phenomena using a neurocomputational autobiographical memory model. Specifically, based on prior neurocognitive and neuropsychology studies, we identify three neural processes, namely overload, decay and inhibition, which lead to memory loss in memory formation, storage and retrieval, respectively. For model validation, we collect a memory dataset comprising more than one thousand life events and emulate the three key memory loss processes with model parameters learnt from memory recall behavioural patterns found in human subjects of different age groups. The emulation results show high correlation with human memory recall performance across their life span, even with another population not being used for learning. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first research work on quantitative evaluations of autobiographical memory loss using a neurocomputational model.

Age estimation using pulp/tooth area ratio of permanent mandibular first premolar

Background and Objectives: This study was done to estimate age using pulp/tooth area ratio (PTR) of permanent left mandibular first premolar on digital orthopantamograph (OPG) with a commercially available software. The estimated age was compared with chronological age of all subjects in different age groups and also in male and female subjects. Materials and Methods: 200 patients of differing ages visiting the outpatient department of our dental hospital were included as study subjects. The digital OPGs were imported to AutoCAD, commercial (Computer Aided Design) software program developed by Autodesk and then the PTR was derived. The estimated age was calculated using linear regression equation and then compared statistically. Results: Age was calculated using linear regression analysis. The results revealed decreased PTR with an increase in age. Application of this formula gave a standard error of 8.586 years. The effect of gender showed low correlation between PTR and age. Analysis of variance test was used to compare chronological and estimated ages in all three age groups and it was found to be closely related to each other. Interpretation and Conclusion: This study confirms a superior age estimation ability of the formula developed, inferring that customized formulas developed for the local population are better suited for age estimation.

Prevalence of Periodontitis in Nuh (Haryana State): The Most Backward District of India.

Background:Majority of the Indian population suffers from oral health diseases, especially periodontitis. Clinical manifestations of the disease are most commonly seen after 35 years of age, which if left untreated will ultimately result in loss of the tooth.Materials and Methods:A total of 576 subjects of different age groups were selected from 11 villages of Nuh district by simple random selection. The demographic data and oral hygiene habits along with deleterious habits such as smoking, panmasala, and tobacco chewing were recorded. Community periodontal index of treatment need (CPITN) was recorded with the help of CPITN probe.Results:Deep pockets were observed in 45.6% of the participants and 26.2% of the sextants. Shallow pockets were observed in 38.3% of the participants and 36.4% of the sextants. Calculus had the highest score in15.6% of the participants and 49.15% of the sextants. An inference was drawn from the results that among 576 participants 72.89% of individuals needed TN2 whereas 26.23% of individuals needed TN3 and 0.65% of individuals needed TN1.Conclusions:Severity of periodontal disease increased with age. The severity of periodontitis was observed significantly more in smokers and tobacco chewers as compared to nonsmokers and nontobacco chewers, respectively.

PDA (Posterior Descending Artery) &amp; Coronary Dominance-A MDCT Coronary Angiographic Analysis of Anatomic Variations and Clinical Importance

Introduction: There is considerable variation in the arterial supply of diaphragmatic surface of the heart. Diaphragmatic myocardial infarction is one of the more common consequences of coronary artery disease. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of anatomic variants of origin and termination of Posterior Descending Artery (PDA) and to determine the type of coronary dominance in North Indian population. Subjects and Methods: This prospective study was carried out on 50 routine subjects of different age groups who came to the Department of Radiodiagnosis, King George’s Medical University UP, Lucknow in the year 2010- 2011 with known or suspected coronary artery disease. All the cases were investigated on a 64 slice Multidetector Computed Tomographic (MDCT) scanner, using retrospective Electrocardiographic gating. Endeavour was made to determine the incidence of sites of origin and termination of PDA as well as to determine the type of coronary dominance. Results: PDA arose from Right Coronary Artery (RCA) in 39 (78%) cases and from Left Circumflex (LCx) artery in 11(22%) cases. The PDA was found to terminate in the upper 1/4 of Posterior Inter-Ventricular Groove (PIVG) in 18 (36%) cases, in upper 1/2 of PIVG in 19 (38%) cases, in upper 3/4 of PIVG in 10 (20%) cases and at the apex of the heart in 1 (2%) case. None of the female had termination of PDA at the apex. Termination of PDA could not be determined in 2 (4%) cases. Right dominance was seen in 36 (72%) cases, Left dominance in 11 (22%) cases. and Co-dominance in 3 (6%) cases. Conclusion: Posterior descending artery most commonly terminated after traversing the upper half of posterior inter-ventricular groove. The incidence of left coronary dominance was more in females, it was approximately twice the incidence found in males. Co-dominance was observed only in male subjects.

AGE-BASED VARIATIONS OF FRACTAL STRUCTURE OF EEG SIGNAL IN PATIENTS WITH EPILEPSY

It is known that aging affects neuroplasticity. On the other hand, neuroplasticity can be studied by analyzing the electroencephalogram (EEG) signal. An important challenge in brain research is to study the variations of neuroplasticity during aging for patients suffering from epilepsy. This study investigates the variations of the complexity of EEG signal during aging for patients with epilepsy. For this purpose, we employed fractal dimension as an indicator of process complexity. We classified the subjects in different age groups and computed the fractal dimension of their EEG signals. Our investigations showed that as patients get older, their EEG signal will be more complex. The method of investigation that has been used in this study can be further employed to study the variations of EEG signal in case of other brain disorders during aging.

Securing On-Body IoT Devices By Exploiting Creeping Wave Propagation

On-body devices are an intrinsic part of the Internet-of-Things (IoT) vision to provide human-centric services. These on-body IoT devices are largely embedded devices that lack a sophisticated user interface to facilitate traditional pre-shared key-based security protocols. Motivated by this real-world security vulnerability, this paper proposes SecureTag, a system designed to add defense in depth against active attacks by integrating physical layer (PHY) information with upper-layer protocols. The underpinning of SecureTag is a signal processing technique that extracts the peculiar propagation characteristics of creeping waves to discern on-body devices. Upon overhearing a suspicious transmission, SecureTag initiates a PHY-based challenge-response protocol to mitigate attacks. We implement our system on different commercial off-the-shelf wearables and a smartphone. Extensive experiments are conducted in a lab, apartments, malls, and outdoor areas, involving 12 volunteer subjects of different age groups, to demonstrate the robustness of our system. Results show that our system can mitigate 96.13 % of active attack attempts while triggering false alarms on merely 5.64 % of legitimate traffic.

Clinical findings and risk factors associated with oral cancer: a prospective study

&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;span lang="EN-IN"&gt;Oral cancer is associated with high morbidity and mortality and therefore it represents a grave health problem worldwide. However there is scarcity of the studies in the literature regarding the prognostic factors amongst the subjects. The aim of the present study is to determine the various risk factors and the most commonly affected sites by the oral squamous cell carcinoma amongst subjects of different age groups. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;span lang="EN-IN"&gt;The present prospective comparative study was conducted at the Department of Radiotherapy at Guru Gobind Singh Medical College and Hospital during a period of three months i.e. from April 2016 to June 2016. Patients were evaluated every week for a period of approximately 2 weeks. Examination of the oral cavity was done using probe and mouth mirror by trained personnel. TNM classification was used to classify tumour. Patient’s habits like alcohol and tobacco intake were also recorded. Complete demographic information was obtained from all the patients. All the data thus obtained was arranged in a tabulated form and analysed using SPSS software. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;span lang="EN-IN"&gt;The study included a total of 60 subjects. There were 11 females in the study and 49 males in the study. There were 18.3% (n=11) subjects having cancer of tongue. There were 23.3% (n=14) subjects having cancer of buccal mucosa. Alveolar ridge carcinoma was seen in 8.3% (n=5) subjects. There were 22 patients (30%) having stage III carcinoma. Majority of the subjects i.e. 70% (n= 38) were at stage IV A according to TNM classification. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;span lang="EN-IN"&gt;From the above study we can conclude that there is lack of awareness amongst the people about oral cancer. They mostly present during advanced stage of the disease. Most of the subjects are males, showing there predisposition towards harmful habits.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

A comparative evaluation of the reliability of three methods of assessing gingival biotype in dentate subjects in different age groups: An in vivo study

A comparative evaluation of the reliability of three methods of assessing gingival biotype in dentate subjects in different age groups: An in vivo study

The Role of Biofeedback Therapy as a Tool for Stress Reduction in Patients Suffering from Chronic Stress

Modern day life is replete with stress, development and increased dependency on technology comes with a baggage of stress. Stress is the major factor responsible for lifestyle related disease. The below study was conducted to evaluate the extent to which stress management could be carried out in subjects of different age groups using biofeedback as a technique for stress management. Biofeedback therapy is a tool in which the subjects are trained how to relax using program generated audiovisual effects which monitor the parasympathetic response as the patient gets more and more relaxed. Biofeedback is a perfect example of mind body interface where the progress made by patient could be accessed by patient himself.

GENDER-SPECIFIC MEANINGS OF HAPPINESS IN THE VIEWS OF PEOPLE OF DIFFERENT AGES

Introduction. The article discusses the problem of happiness and some aspects of its study in modern foreign and domestic psychology, including the relationship of happiness with a number of personal characteristics, like age and gender features of its source. Summarize the existing approaches to understanding of essence of the phenomenon of happiness. It justifies importance of the development of the problem of happiness for modern women and men based on their age. Materials and Methods. The authors present the results of a comparative empirical research of gender-specific meanings of the phenomenon of happiness of the subjects of three age groups (early adolescence, early adulthood young and middle adulthood – maturity) total number of 90 people, obtained using the modified variant of the method of semantic differential. Results. The authors traced gender differences and gender similarities in the semantic meaning of the phenomenon of happiness in subjects of different ages. Traced gender differences and gender similarities in the semantic meaning of the phenomenon of happiness, which is characteristic for subjects of different ages, with sufficient variation found to these differences and similarities. The authors found only a single event sustainable in terms of the age dynamics of statistically significant gender differences regarding the semantic similarities of happiness with the government in favor of males. There are some internal contradictions in the system of subjective perceptions of happiness in subjects of different age groups. Discussion and Conclusions. Specific factual material shows the role of differential gender socialization in the formation of personality conceptions of happiness that, according to the findings, most clearly evident in the period of early adulthood. However, along with traditional gender values and standards in some subjects, there are some gender unconventional views, which is a consequence of the impending changes in the content of the dominant in contemporary Russian society the strategy of gender socialization.