Subjects In Experimental Group Research Articles

The Impact of Teaching Reasoning Fallacies on the Critical Thinking Ability of MoroccanEngineering Students

This research paper reports an experimental study geared to examine the effect of teaching reasoning fallacies on the critical thinking ability of a group of Moroccan university students. In a random assignment post-test design, 40 subjects took part in study-treatment. While the subjects in both experimental groups (n 20) received a treatment on how to avoid and spot fallacies in arguments, the control group was involved straightway in taking the pre-test and the post test (with no prior assistance) for comparison purposes. After the treatment -which consisted in having the experimental group (n 20 subjects) receive a training on the meaning of 15 reasoning fallacies and reinforcements tasks on how to identify them in statements and how to avoid them when they speak or write - all the subjects answered a twenty item multiple-choicetest and 5 of them responded to structured interview to identify their attitudes. The final scores were then subjected to descriptive as well as referential statistics (independent and paired samples T-test) for between group comparison purposes. The results reveal a significant facilitative and positive effect of reasoning fallacies training understudy and particularly so when compared to the control condition. A follow-up investigation through an independent samplest-test) attested to the fact that the training resulted in an increased critical thinking ability as measured by the receptive and productive and this is particularly so when compared to the control condition. The study concludes with the main finding together with their interpretation. Some practical implications related to critical thinking instruction, lesson planning and material development, in general, brings the paper full circled.

The Effect of Educational Intervention Based on PRECEDE Model on Health Promotion Behaviors, Hope Enhancement, and Mental Health in Cancer Patients.

In this experimental study, 200 cancer patients (100 subject in experimental group and 100 subjects in control group) referred to Amir Oncology Hospital in Shiraz were investigated. Educational intervention for experimental group consisted of 12 educational sessions for 50 to 55 minutes. A questionnaire including demographic information, PRECEDE constructs (knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, enabling factors, and social support), was used to measure health promotion behaviors, patients' hope, and mental health before and 6 months after intervention. Six months after intervention, experimental group showed significant increase in knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, enabling factors, social supports, health promotion behaviors, patients' hope, and mental health compared to the control group. This study showed the effectiveness of intervention based on PRECEDE constructs in mentioned factors 6 months after intervention. Hence, this model can act as a framework for designing and implementing educational intervention for health promotion behaviors of cancer patients.

Effectiveness of emotion-regulation training in resilience, psychological wellbeing, and quality of life among mothers with mentally disabled children

Abstract:Background: Emotion-regulation is a process that helps to adjust emotions either consciously or unconsciously. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of emotion-regulation training on resilience, psychological well-being, and quality of life among mothers having mentally disabled children.Materials and methods: The study was semi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design and control group. The statistical population included all mothers having mentally disabled children under auspices of the Welfare Authorities of Bushehr in 2017-18. 30 mothers were selected by convenience sampling method. They were divided into two groups including experimental and control (n1=n2=15). Data collection was conducted using resilience, psychological well-being, and quality of life questionnaires. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and Multivariable Analysis of Covariance as well as SPSS version 26.Findings: The results indicated a significant difference between mean scores of resilience, psychological well-being as well as quality of life among subjects of experimental and control groups in the posttest step (p <0.05).Conclusion: Emotion-regulation training seems to be an efficient and promising way due to its nature for treatment and work with mothers of mentally disabled children.

The Impact of Teaching Reasoning Fallacies on the Critical Thinking Ability of Moroccan Engineering Students: The Case of ENSAM Meknes

This research paper reports an experimental study geared to examine the effect of teaching reasoning fallacies on the critical thinking ability of a group of Moroccan university students. In a random assignment post-test design, 40 subjects took part in the study treatment. While the subjects in both experimental groups (n 20) received treatment on how to avoid and spot fallacies in arguments, the control group was involved straightway in taking the pre-test and the post test (with no prior assistance) for comparison purposes. After the treatment -which consisted in having the experimental group (n 20 subjects) receive training on the meaning of 15 reasoning fallacies and reinforcements tasks on how to identify them in statements and how to avoid them when they speak or write - all the subjects answered a twenty item multiple-choice test and 5 of them responded to structured interview to identify their attitudes. The final scores were then subjected to descriptive as well as referential statistics (independent and paired samples T-test) for between-group comparison purposes. The results reveal a significant facilitative and positive effect of reasoning fallacies training understudy, particularly when compared to the control condition. A follow-up investigation through an independent simplest-test) attested to the fact that the training resulted in an increased critical thinking ability as measured by the receptive and productive and this is particularly so when compared to the control condition. The study concludes with the main finding together with their interpretation. Some practical implications related to critical thinking instruction, lesson planning and material development, in general, brings the full paper circle.

The Use of Psychological Correction Programs to Improve the Occupational Fitness of Correctional Personnel

Introduction: the article examines the results of the application of a short-term psychological correction program, which includes conflict prevention and the development of adaptive behavior skills in difficult communication situations. Aim: based on the results of the study, to identify conditions for the effective use of psychological programs to overcome stress among prison staff. Methods: the tasks set in the work were solved with the help of general scientific research methods within the framework of comparative, statistical and logical analysis and empirical methods such as description and interpretation of the information. The study involved 80 employees of the security department of correctional institutions of the Pskov Oblast, divided into experimental and control groups. The trainings were conducted by full-time psychologists of the departments. To assess the effectiveness, we used the following methods: “Willpower self-assessment scale” by N.N. Obozov, the technique for determining the level of neuropsychic stability “Forecast”, and the questionnaire of interpersonal relations in the adaptation of W. Shchutz. Results: the analysis of the data with the help of mathematical statistics methods has shown that the use of such programs is advisable among employees included in the group of increased attention. These may be persons conditionally recommended for this type of activity, as well as those who have been subjected to the deforming influence of an unfavorable professional environment. A statistically significant result for the experimental group of subjects consisted in a change in the indicators on the sincerity scale, which can mean an increase in self-esteem, trust in the psychologist and the desire to answer the questions honestly. The greatest effectiveness of the training was observed when we were implementing the tested program; this is explained by increased motivation and responsibility for its results. No practical effect of participation in the training was revealed among the personnel who initially had indicators that did not require correction. Conclusions: in order to increase the effectiveness of trainings, it is necessary that psychologists have personal conscious motivation when they work out unique programs that take into account actual needs of correctional staff.

Impact of Skill Training Programme (STP) Regarding Postnatal Care of Mothers Who Underwent Lower Segment Caesarean Section on Competencies among Students: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Background: In the twenty-first century, Caesarean section is the most frequent operation in obstetrics. Throughout the twentieth century, Caesarean sections have proven to be one of the most efficient abdominal procedures. Over the last three decades, the number of caesarean sections has risen considerably. Around the world, the number of caesarean sections performed is on the rise. From 2003 to 2018, it is more than doubled, reaching a peak of 21% and is growing at a rate of 4% every year. Today’s student nurse will become future nurse, so it’s vital create them competent while providing care to the mothers after lower section caesarean section.&#x0D; Objective: To assess current competencies among students on postnatal care of mothers who underwent lower section caesarean section in study group , to assess the impact of the skill training programme on the competencies of students in focused group &amp; to find out the association between post-test competencies with the demographic variables of students of study group.&#x0D; Methods and Materials: The quasi-experimental with non-equivalent pre-test post-test design study was conducted on 30 students in each of experimental and control group by convenient sampling technique in two nursing institutions at Gurugram, Haryana.&#x0D; Results: Experimental group subjects enhanced the level of knowledge from 11.6 to 17.8 and their skill from 11.7 to 35.5 after implementing the skilled training programme, while the control group showed no improvement. There is a statistically significant transformation between the pre-test and post-test scores. Paired sample ‘t’ test was used to observe differences between pre and post-test mean scores. Students with prior knowledge were more competent, which is statistically noteworthy with a P value of &lt; 0.001. Age, sex, religion, parents' education, and home location are not significant demographic characteristics. The Pearson chi square test was used to determine statistical significance.&#x0D; Conclusion: Skill training not only enhance knowledge in a specific field, but then also clarifies students how to network, accomplish to timeline, and connect efficiently with people. A competent student nurse can become a competent staff nurse by developing skill through effecting skill training program during study period.

Impact of Temporal Visual Flicker on Spatial Contrast Sensitivity in Myopia.

PurposeTo investigate whether short-term exposure to high temporal frequency full-field flicker has an impact on spatial visual acuity in individuals with varying degrees of myopia.MethodsThirty subjects (evenly divided between control and experimental groups) underwent a 5-min exposure to full-field flicker. The flicker rate was lower than critical flicker frequency (CFF) for the experimental group (12.5 Hz) and significantly higher than CFF for the controls (60 Hz). Spatial contrast sensitivity function (CSF) was measured before and immediately after flicker exposure. We examined whether the post flicker CSF parameters were different from the pre-exposure CSF values in either of the subject groups. Additionally, we examined the relationship between the amount of CSF change from pre to post timepoints and the degree of subjects’ myopia. The CSF parameters included peak frequency, peak sensitivity, bandwidth, truncation, and area under log CSF (AULCSF).ResultsThere was no significant difference of all five pre-exposure CSF parameters between the two groups at baseline (P = 0.333 ∼ 0.424). Experimental group subjects exhibited significant (P < 0.005) increases in peak sensitivity and AULCSF, when comparing post-exposure results to pre-exposure ones. Controls showed no such enhancements. Furthermore, the extent of these changes in the experimental group was correlated significantly with the participants’ refractive error (P = 0.005 and 0.018, respectively).ConclusionOur data suggest that exposure to perceivable high-frequency flicker (but, not to supra-CFF frequencies) enhances important aspects of spatial contrast sensitivity, and these enhancements are correlated to the degree of myopia. This finding has implications for potential interventions for cases of modest myopia.

Video versus Traditional Teaching Strategy for Enhancing Intramuscular Injection Skills among College of Nursing Students in Kuwait: A Comparative Study

Purpose: The study aims to assess the performance and compare the effectiveness of intramuscular injection skills of nursing students utilizing two different teaching strategies –traditional (with the use of performance checklist only) versus video (together with the performance checklist).&#x0D; Methodology: A quasi-experimental research design was used. The sample was divided into two groups - control group, 28 female nursing students and experimental group, 27 male nursing students. Socio-demographic data sheet and an observational checklist were used to collect pertinent data.. Analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and analytical tests, such as the independent t-test between the experimental and control group, regarding the preparation and injection of medication. P value of &lt; 0.05 was considered to be significant. &#x0D; Findings: Most of the experimental and control group subjects are non-Kuwaitis. In medication preparation, the experimental group showed higher scores in the following steps: mixing solution; withdrawing prescribed amount of medication. The control group, on the other hand, scored higher in the following steps: removing needle cap, withdrawing into syringe amount of air equal to volume of medication to be withdrawn; carefully inserting needle into upright vial; and withdrawing prescribed amount of medication. In medication administration, the control group obtained higher scores in putting on clean gloves and applying gentle pressure at the site. The experimental group had higher score only in putting on clean gloves. A highly significant positive correlation was found between medication preparation and injection of medication and socio-demographic parameters of age and nationality (p= 0.008, p= 0.007) respectively. There is no statistically significant correlation detected between control and experimental group in relation to injection of the medication. &#x0D; Unique Contribution to Theory and Practice: The results of this study indicated that while traditional and video-assisted teaching are equally effective, there is no substitute for clinical demonstration.

Role of Nutrition Counseling and Lifestyle Modification in Managing Prediabetes.

India is the second country after China having the highest population prevalence of diabetes. Several research studies investigating diabetes have been done, but not much work has been done on prediabetes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of nutrition and lifestyle modification on prediabetic females. A total of 120 prediabetic females from Ludhiana city were divided into 2 matched groups: control group (n = 60) and experimental group (n = 60). Impact of nutrition intervention for dietary and lifestyle modification (for 3 months) was assessed on the anthropometric, dietary, biochemical parameters, and diabetes risk score of the experimental group and control group (no intervention). All the selected 120 subjects completed the study (experimental group = 60; control group = 60). There was significant difference in the changes between the 2 groups throughout the study. The fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin A1c levels of the experimental group subjects reduced significantly (P ≤ .01). However, no change was observed among the control group subjects. The lipid profile of the experimental group showed a significant improvement (P ≤ .01). Nutrition counselling of the prediabetics regarding dietary and lifestyle modification is recommended so as to improve their metabolic control, thus preventing them from being diabetics.

Effect of Cervical Extensor Strengthening on severity of Temporomandibular Joint Disorder among University students: A Randomized controlled trial

Background and Objectives: Awareness of temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) is fairly concerning in management of physiotherapy as patients often seek for treatment from orthodontics when pain become their main concerns. In this case, cervical aspects are often overlooked in the treatment of temporomandibular joint disorder. This study aims to determine the effect of cervical extensor strengthening on severity of temporomandibular joint disorder. Methods: A randomized controlled trial study was carried out for 4 weeks to determine the effect of cervical extensor strengthening on severity of temporomandibular joint disorder among university students. A total of 40 participants were recruited via convenient sampling method. Subjects were randomly assigned into two groups: experimental group (E) and control group (C) through lottery randomization. Subjects in experimental group were instructed to perform 1 set of cervical extensor strengthening with 10 repetitions and goldfish exercises whereas subjects in control group were asked to perform goldfish exercises only. A pre-test and post-test severity of TMD, maximal mouth opening and maximal isometric cervical extensor strength were measured for both groups. Results: After 4 weeks of training, there was significant difference in pre-test and post-test severity of TMD and maximal mouth opening for both E and C group. On the other hand, there was significant difference of pre and post-test of maximal isometric cervical extensor strength in experimental group. There was no significant difference in post-test for severity of TMD (p=0.67), maximal mouth opening (p=0.21) and maximal isometric cervical extensor strength (p=0.40) between two groups. Conclusions: The study concluded that, 4 weeks of anti-gravity cervical extensor strengthening exercises protocol showed there was no significantly difference of the severity of TMD and maximal mouth opening between both control and experimental group. On the other hand, goldfish exercises showed significant improvement of maximal mouth opening and reduction in severity of TMD after 4 weeks of intervention period.

Effect of Robot Assisted Gait Training on Motor and Walking Function in Patients with Subacute Stroke: A Random Controlled Study

BackgroundRobot-assisted gait training has been confirmed to have beneficial effect on the rehabilitation of stroke patients. An exoskeleton robot, named BEAR-H1, is designed to help stroke patients with walking disabilities. Methods17 subjects in experimental group and 15 subjects in control group completed the study. The experimental group received 30 minutes of BEAR-H1 assisted gait training(BAGT), and the control group received 30 minutes of conventional training, 5 times/week for 4weeks. All subjects were evaluated with 6-minute walk test (6MWT), Fugl-Meyer Assessment for lower extremity (FMA-LE), Functional Ambulatory Classification (FAC), Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), and gait analysis at baseline and after 4 weeks intervention. ResultsThe improvements of 6MWT, FMA-LE, gait speed, cadence, step length and cycle duration in BAGT group were more noticeable than in the control group. However, there was no difference in the assessment of MAS between two groups. ConclusionsOur results showed that BAGT is an effective intervention to improve the motor and walking ability during 4 weeks training for subacute stroke patients.

Effect of concurrent training combined with selected nutritional designon selected physical fitness componenets of male football players

Concurrent Training (CT) is the combination of resistance and endurance training in a periodized program to maximize all aspects of physical performance. Nutrition, physical performance and the level of functional capacity of the human beings are interrelated. Any dietary deficiency that adversely affects the health of the individual is likely to impair his or her physical performance capacity. The purpose of the present study was to find out the effect of concurrent training combined with selected nutritional design on selected physical fitness components of male football players. To achieve the purpose of this study, 28 male football players’ subjects of Nekemte Kenema were selected by using census sampling technique and their age ranged from 20 to 24 years old. The subjects were undergone twelve weeks concurrent training combined with selected nutritional design for three days per week with duration of 70 minutes. Subjects of experimental groups were tested on physical fitness components prior to and after the 12 weeks consumption of nutrition design combined with training period. The data collected from the participants pre and post-test was statistically examined to find out the significant improvement by using SPSS version 20, descriptive and paired t-test. In all cases, the criteria for statistical significance were set at 0.05 level of confidence (P<0.05). The results show that there were significant positive changes on selected physical fitness components.

To Study the Efficacy of Soft Tissue Release Manual Therapy Techniques in Patients with Moderate COPD.

Apart from pulmonary manifestations Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) includes extra pulmonary manifestation like altered chest wall mechanics and musculoskeletal dysfunction. There are many studies that have described the effect of manual therapy in musculoskeletal structural changes in isolation among people with COPD, although the influence of soft tissue manual therapy techniques on chest expansion and pulmonary function remains largely unclear. Therefore, the study was proposed with combined soft tissue protocol to address the involved soft tissue structure in COPD. To find the effectiveness of soft tissue release manual therapy techniques (STRMTT) on improvement of chest expansion and Pulmonary function- FEV1/FEV6 in patients with moderate COPD. This is a comparative study design with two groups- Experimental Group and Control Group, conducted on a total 20 subjects, 10 in each group. The Experimental group subjects were treated with soft tissue release manual therapy techniques along with conventional treatment whereas control group subjects were treated with only conventional exercises. Both the group subjects received treatment twice in a week for a period of eight weeks. The outcome measures Chest expansion and pulmonary function FEV1/FEV6 was measured at before intervention and after 8 weeks of intervention. Comparative analysis of post intervention means using Independent ‘t’ test between the groups found statistically significant difference (p&lt;0.05) in Chest expansion at Auxiliary level and Xiphisternum level and in FEV1/FEV6 between the groups. It is found from our pilot study that soft tissue release manual therapy techniques addressing the soft tissue structure in subjects with moderate COPD who was treated for a period of 8 weeks along with conventional treatment showed statistically significant effect in improving chest expansion and FEV1/FEV6 when compared with the only conventional exercises.

Effect of music therapy on ICU induced anxiety and physiological parameters among ICU patients: An experimental study in a tertiary care hospital of India

BackgroundPatients in intensive care unit (ICU) experience intense anxiety during their treatment which might also affect their physiological parameters. AimStudy aimed to assess the effectiveness of music therapy on ICU induced anxiety and physiological parameters among intensive care unit patients in a tertiary care hospital of India.Methodology/Design: An experimental research approach with two groups pre-test post-test control design was used. 70 intensive care unit patients were randomized into two groups, experimental and conventional care group (35 in each group). The experimental group received 20 min tailored music therapy in addition to standard treatment thrice a day for continuous three days. In contrast, only standard care was provided to the other group. The socio-demographic sheet, clinical profile sheet, Zung Self Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and physiological parameter sheet was used to measure study parameters. ResultsMusic therapy was highly effective (t = 15.136 (34) p=<0.001) in reducing anxiety among experimental group subjects after the intervention whereas no change is seen in conventional care group on fourth day of the intervention. Similarly, music therapy was significantly effective in stabilizing physiological parameters among experimental group subjects during post test as compared to conventional care group. ConclusionMusic therapy is a non-invasive, non-pharmaceutical and an efficient practice to abate the ICU induced anxiety among intensive care unit patients. It also possesses the ability to stabilize the main physiological parameters of intensive care unit patients. Study recommends the use of music therapy for ICU patients to stabilize their psychological and physiological parameter.

The Changes in the Status of the Foot Arch, Motor Abilities and Morphological Characteristics Under the Influence of Training Processes of Sports School

The aim of the study was to examine the influence of training processes modeled after the School of Sport of Faculty of Pedagogy, on changes in the status of the foot arch, motor abilities and morphological characteristics of preschool and young school children. The study was of longitudinal character. The experimental training program was conducted from 1st September 2018 till 1st December 2018. The follow-up included 92 subjects in total, divided into two sub-samples: one comprised of experimental group subjects, 45, and the other, control group of 47 subjects. The analysis of the status of the foot arch was performed with a Digital Computer Podoscope. For the assessment of the motor abilities a battery of motor abilities was used, modeled after Bala, Stojanović, Stojanović, (2007). Measurement of morphological characteristics was performed with the application and adherence to the International Biological Program. Using the MANOVA and χ2 test, the results obtained after the final measurement show statistically significant changes in motor abilities, morphological characteristics, and the status of the arch of the foot in children.

The effect of multiple intelligence theory based teaching towards students’ achievement on electrical circuit topic

The research aims to identify the effect of implementing multiple intelligences theory based teaching towards students’ achievement on electrical circuit topic. Totally 66 of 8th grade junior high school students were selected through convenience sampling technique as experimental group subjects of this research. The experimental group was instructed to learn through multiple intelligences theory based teaching as the treatment in learning electrical circuit topic. This experimental study lasted for 6 meetings in 6 weeks and conducted using one group pre-test and post-test design. To evaluate the effect of the treatment on students’ achievement, an achievement test about electrical circuit topic which consisted of 24 items was distributed and analyzed using SPSS. The result showed that normalized gain value was 0.28 which categorized as a low improvement. In other word, students’ achievement on electrical circuit topic improved after being taught by multiple intelligences theory based teaching.

Effects of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Pain Intensity and Stress Coping Styles in Patients With Gastric Wound

Background and Aim: Patients with the symptoms of gastrointestinal diseases and ulcers constitute a large number of patients referring to general and internal clinics. Furthermore, preliminary studies on gastric ulcers highlighted the role of psychological factors in the development of a susceptible gastric ulcer. The current study aimed to determine the effects of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) on pain intensity and stress coping styles in patients with gastric ulcers. Methods &amp; Materials: This was an experimental study with a pretest-posttest-follow-up and a control group design. The statistical population included all patients with a gastric ulcer who were referred to public health centers in Tehran City, Iran, in the winter of 2018. Among the volunteers participating in the study, 30 patients with gastric ulcers were selected by the convenience sampling method. Next, they were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups (n=15/group). Measurement tools included the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) and the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS; Endler &amp; Parker, 1990). The experimental group subjects participated in eight 90-minute sessions of CBT. However, the controls received no psychological treatment in this period. For data analysis, repeated-measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc tests were applied. Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch (Code: IR.IAU.K.REC.1397.85). Results: The present research results signified that CBT improved problem-oriented coping styles (P&lt;0.01) and decreased emotion-focused coping styles (P&lt;0.01) and avoidance (P&lt;0.01) in the test group. Besides, the mean scores of pain intensity decreased in the experimental group, compared to the controls (P&lt;0.01). Conclusion: The provided CBT was effective on pain intensity and stress coping styles in patients with gastric ulcers.

Effect of micro-osteoperforations on rate of space closure by mini-implant supported maxillary anterior en-masse retraction: A randomized clinical trial

BackgroundMicro-osteoperforations is one of the non-invasive surgical techniques used in attempt to accelerate OTM. Conflicting reports on its effectiveness has been reported in the literature. ObjectivesThe objectives of this trial were to investigate the effect of micro-osteoperforations on the rate of space closure and on molar anchorage loss during mini-implant supported maxillary anterior en-masse retraction. Trial designA single center, parallel arm, randomized controlled trial was conducted. MethodSixty, male and female subjects (age range 16–25 years) having Class I bimaxillary protrusion or Class II div 1 malocclusion, who required fixed mechanotherapy with either upper 1st premolar or all four 1st premolar extractions were allocated into two groups using 1:1 allocation ratio. The allocation was done by block randomization method with a block size of 6. In the experimental group, 5 MOPs per side were performed only once just before the en-masse anterior retraction. Mini-screws were placed in order to obtain maximum anchorage. Impressions were taken every month till 4 months and rate of space closure was measured on 3D study models. ResultsData of 27 subjects in control (attrition ​= ​3) and 28 subjects in experimental group (attrition ​= ​2) were analyzed at the end of this trial. There was a statistically significant increase in the rate of en-masse retraction for the 1st month(p ​= ​0.001,95%CI, 0.17, 0.37 ​mm) but there was no statistically significant difference for the subsequent 2nd (p ​= ​0.450,95%CI,0.13,0.43 ​mm), 3rd(p ​= ​0.204,95%CI,0.23,0.47 ​mm) and 4th month (p ​= ​0.680,95%CI,0.21,0.41 ​mm) between experimental and control groups. There was also no difference (p ​> ​0.05) in molar anchorage loss between both groups at all time intervals. ConclusionMicro-osteoperforations (MOPs) did not accelerate the rate of anterior en-masse retraction over a period of 4 months; however, it temporarily increases the rate of retraction only for first month and no affect on molar anchorage. Trial registrationThe trial was registered at www.ctri.nic.in with CTRI No- CTRI/2019/03/018140).

Effects of the Production-Oriented Approach on College English Writing Instruction in Yangtze University

English writing ability is one of non-English-majored undergraduate students’ important abilities in comprehensive applying English. This paper reviewed a four-week experiment on production-oriented approach (POA) in teaching the college English writing to 118 first-year non-English-majored undergraduate students who majored radio and television editing, horticulture and tea science from Yangtze University as subjects. Subjects in this study consisted of 59 non-English-majored undergraduate students in the control group (CG) and 59 non-English-majored undergraduate students in the experiment group (EG). Results in this study showed that 1) college English writing ability of subjects in EG with POA applied in college English writing instruction was improved; 2) For the English writing performance, there was a significant difference between CG and EG; 3) Subjects in EG gave positive responses on POA applied in college English writing instruction.

Effects of aerobic exercise on selected health related physical fitness components in the case of werebabo woreda werebabo general secondary and preparatory school; South Wollo zone, Amhara regional state, Ethiopia

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 12 week aerobic exercise on selected health related physical fitness components. The study design was Experimental method. Simple random sampling technique were used to select subjects as well as to assign subjects for control group (EG) and experimental group (CG) while purposive sampling were used to select the sample sex and the study place, the data were analyzed 60 male sample was taken from a population of 71 male students by Slovins formula, the selected subjects were divided into 2 equal groups (n=30) CG and (n=30) EG was implemented. Their age range was from 18-22 years. EG who performed in 3 days/week for 3-month aerobic exercise training program like as walking, jogging, running and rope skipping and a CG did not perform this selected aerobic training unless both groups undergone normal physical education class program. Both groups had taken pre, during and post-testing. PT of two groups of 30 subjects(ME was measured by 900angle push up test, CVE was measured using 12 minute run test, and flexibility was measured using sit and reach test) were recorded. After six weeks of aerobic exercise training, DT was taken in each parameter and a little improvement in each test results was observed and training was continually given by increasing its duration. After three months, posttest measurement on the same parameters was taken. The difference between the tests were analyzed statistically, with paired sample “t” test at the level of significance was P&lt;0.05 to determine the difference between initial and final mean for participant. According to analyzed data the mean difference value After 12 week’s aerobic exercise boosted in pushup Performance by 1.76, in 12meter run 638mean difference was recorded, and in sit and reach test 0.53increments were observed throughout the study period. The result obtained in this study indicated that there were significant improvement in ME, CVE, and flexibility. Based on this finding, it can be concluded that Moderate aerobic exercise has positive effect on improvement of selected health related physical fitness components of male students.