National Question Research Articles

Assessment of oral manifestations of systemic health related knowledge of medical students pursuing internship programme at a tertiary health care centre

AimClinicians across the entire medical profession are responsible for detection, prevention and imparting importance of oral health to the patients. However, many studies conducted so far show lack of knowledge of medical students regarding dental conditions. The present observational study was undertaken to evaluate the knowledge of oral manifestations of systemic diseases amongst medical students undergoing Internship program at a tertiary centre. Materials & methodA self-structured Questionnaire comprising of 20 questions was used as a survey tool to assess the understanding of 100 medical students undergoing internship program. They were explained about the purpose of the study. The questionnaire consisted of an objective part Yes/No (7 questions) and subjective part designed on likert scale(13 questions). There were questions on their view on current curriculum for dentistry in medical undergraduate training and possible enhancement in teaching modalities. The subjective part had five options to choose from, Strongly agree, Agree, Neutral, Disagree And Strongly Disagree. Statistical analysisThe responses of objective questions was recorded and percentage calculated for both options. The total score was obtained for each participant based on their reponses to the subjective questions based on the Likert scale. Student t-test was applied to calculate means between male and female students. ResultsFor all objective questions, percentage was calculated for affirmative and negative responses. The responses were calculated on scale5-1 for the subjective questions. Reverse scoring was done for questions 10,11,12 i. e scale 1–5. The maximum achievable score in this category was 65 which was further divided into three category as Excellent score range 55–65, Good score range 45–54, Unsatisfactory score range 35–44. The number of students in excellent category were 11, Good 66, unsatisfactory 23. The average score obtained was 48.175. The mean scores for males was 48.0161 and for females it was 48.142. The scores were slightly better for females but the difference was statistically insignificant as (p-value = 0.455056). ConclusionThe present study showed good level of Knowledge on oral manifestations of systemic diseases among medical students as compared to other studies which forms an integral part of medical curriculum. The students responses on enhancing dental curriculum and teaching aids for improved education tools can help the faculty provide a better teaching learning experience.

The Eighteenth Constitutional Amendment and the Baloch National Question in Pakistan

The passage of the eighteenth amendment bill in 2010 represented a critical milestone in Pakistan’s constitutional history. It sought to better manage the perennial federal-provincial tensions by restructuring the country’s constitutional framework to assuage the grievances of the ethno-regional movements opposed to the centralised state system, especially in Balochistan, where Pakistan’s territorial integrity faces its toughest challenge. Islamabad’s inflexibility in accommodating ethnic dissidence through various institutional measures has exacerbated ethnic tensions and hardened nationalist sentiments. The eighteenth amendment aimed to reverse deformations introduced during dictatorships and promote a more federal polity. More than a decade has passed since the introduction of the bill, yet the question lingers: Did the amendment achieve its intended goal of mitigating the ethnic conflict in Balochistan? This article scrutinises the current situation in Balochistan and offers a critically oriented analysis of the amendment’s impact on the province’s security scenario. It contends that the amendment fell short of its objectives because it remained silent on issues of critical import to the Baloch and failed to address the underlying issues fuelling the conflict.

Freak out! At the acousmonium: François Bayle and the dynamics of the subject

French electroacoustic music in the post-war decades has typically been associated with a high modernism that spurned popular or mass culture. This article situates electroacoustic music in the late 1960s and 1970s in relation to the transformation of the cultural field in this period, which unsettled clear divisions between high and low cultures. Attending in particular to the question of subjectivity as it appears in the theoretical writings of the composers Pierre Schaeffer and François Bayle, the article aligns Bayle's thinking with that of contemporary writers including Julia Kristeva and Roland Barthes, who launched a critique of the Enlightenment subject. This theoretical nexus suggests that Bayle's L’Expérience acoustique (1969–1972) posits a form of subjectivity closer to the psychedelic counterculture than to the sober listening of Schaeffer's writings. In unsettling the Schaefferian listening subject, the piece opens itself to a heterogeneous listening, the social consequences of which remain significant today.

“Decolonizationˮ and “Deimperializationˮ: Modern Western Policy Towards Fragmentation of Russia

Introduction. Multinational Russia at various stages of its existence faces the playing out of the national question by opposing geopolitical centers. The discourse of “decolonization” and “deimperialization” of Russia has acquired a new level of relevance in the international arena after February 24, 2022. The purpose of the article is to identify and investigate the features of the destructive form of ethno-political mobilization in the regions of the Russian Federation through the construction and promotion of the discourse of “decolonization” and “deimperialization” of Russia by Western states. Materials and Methods. The materials used in the study include U.S. legal documents, resolutions of the European Parliament, publications and speeches of representatives of the Western political elite and scientific and expert community, materials of the United States Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe, content of various organizations, foreign mass media and media foreign agents. The methodological basis of the study is represented by systemic, geopolitical and instrumentalist approaches, as well as such methods as monitoring, discourse analysis and content analysis. Results. The narrative of “deimperialization” and “decolonization” of Russia in the publications of the Western scientific and expert community and media materials is studied, and the political technologies of Western states oriented at the actualization of ethnic nationalism and, as a consequence, separatist tendencies in the regions of the Russian Federation are revealed. Western projects of practical policy oriented at actualization of national contradictions in the Russian Federation are implemented mainly through the following initiatives: holding events dedicated to “decolonization” and “deimperialization” of Russia; using representatives of Western-oriented national elites to actualize separatist tendencies in the regions of the Russian Federation; adopting declarations on “liberation” of the peoples of Russia from “colonial” dependence; popularization of information about the need for “decolonization”; and the use of the “decolonization” of Russia. Discussion and Conclusion. “Decolonization” and “deimperialization” of Russia are focused on the implementation of a destructive form of ethno-political mobilization and fragmentation of the Russian Federation along national lines of settlement. The authors identify five technologies for the formation of ethnic nationalism in the regions of the Russian Federation, which are used by Western states in the process of modern confrontation with Russia. The results of the study will be useful for public authorities at both regional and federal levels to develop a set of measures aimed at countering the playing of the “national card” on the territory of Russia by competing geopolitical centers.

ETHNOCULTURAL COMPLEXITY OF THE POPULATION OF CHUVASHIA ACCORDING TO THE 2020 CENSUS

The relevance of the study is determined by new approaches in the official accounting of the nationality of Russian citizens. A decreasing number of representatives of the main ethnic groups both in Russia and in its individual regions increases the attention paid to the problems of ethnocultural development and interethnic relations. The publication of the 2020 census materials caused a mixed reaction to its organization and individual results. The purpose of the article is to analyze the census materials on the national composition of the population, an attempt to count citizens who have declared their difficult ethno–cultural choice. The reasons for the noticeable difference between the materials of sociological surveys and population census data are considered. Materials and methods. The article analyzes the published data of the 2020 population census, in particular, the data contained in the fifth volume of the national census 2020 results “National composition and language proficiency” for Russia in general and for the Chuvash Republic in particular. In addition, the “Methodological explanations” to the census materials were studied, as well as a number of regulatory documents. According to the table “Population’s answers to the question “Your nationality”, information was calculated on the number of people who chose a difficult answer to the question of nationality. Study results. The census materials showed that the number of individual ethnic groups of Chuvashia, representing the old-age population (except the Russians), decreased during the inter-census period. This process was determined not by the natural and mechanical movement of the population, but by the change of ethnic identity. The increase in the number and proportion of persons who did not indicate their ethnicity occurred both due to refusal to answer the question and due to a negative answer about specific nationality. In addition, in Chuvashia, the proportion of citizens whose information was obtained from administrative documents (gender and age) has increased significantly. The number of citizens who declared a complex ethnic identity was about 0.2% of those who named their ethnicity. This indicator lags far behind the data obtained in the course of sociological surveys. Conclusions. It follows from the above materials that the residents of Chuvashia were more loyal to the issue of their nationality compared to the citizens of Russia. The choice of a complex variant of ethnicity was not massive, but it also differed from a similar process in Russia as a whole. For example, in the republic, more often than in the country, the Russians, the Tatars, the Mordvins and the Ukrainians chose a difficult variant of nationality. The opposite picture was typical for the Chuvash; the Tatars living in Russia and Chuvashia had the same indicators of ethnocultural complexity. For the majority of the population, the definition of their ethnic identity did not cause any particular difficulties, but at the same time, both difficulties and a desire to distance themselves from such self-determination were noted in this process.

SciEval: A Multi-Level Large Language Model Evaluation Benchmark for Scientific Research

Recently, there has been growing interest in using Large Language Models (LLMs) for scientific research. Numerous benchmarks have been proposed to evaluate the ability of LLMs for scientific research. However, current benchmarks are mostly based on pre-collected objective questions. This design suffers from data leakage problem and lacks the evaluation of subjective Q/A ability. In this paper, we propose SciEval, a comprehensive and multi-disciplinary evaluation benchmark to address these issues. Based on Bloom's taxonomy, SciEval covers four dimensions to systematically evaluate scientific research ability. In particular, we design a "dynamic" subset based on scientific principles to prevent evaluation from potential data leakage. Both objective and subjective questions are included in SciEval. These characteristics make SciEval a more effective benchmark for scientific research ability evaluation of LLMs. Comprehensive experiments on most advanced LLMs show that, although GPT-4 achieves SOTA performance compared to other LLMs, there is still substantial room for improvement, especially for dynamic questions. The codes and data are publicly available on https://github.com/OpenDFM/SciEval.

Food insecurity and associated health and social determinants among older adults in Ghana: Analysis of the WHO’s study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE), 2014–2015

This study was conducted to assess the prevalence and factors associated with Food Insecurity (FI) and further quantify its association with unmet need for health services and health-related outcomes among older adults aged 50 years and above in Ghana. The Ghana Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health was used. Body Mass Index (BMI), depressive episodes, functional difficulties (FD), low Quality of Life (QoL), memory decline, and Unmet Needs of Health Services (UNHS) are the the study outcomes. Ordinary Least Square, and Poisson regression analysis modified with Mahalanobis distance matching within propensity score caliper weights were employed. Stata 16.1 was used to perform analysis and a p-value < 0.05 was deemed significant. The prevalence of FI among older adults aged 50 years or older in Ghana was approximately 28 %(95 %CI = 24.5–31.7) and was strongly associated with lower educational attainment and social support. The prevalence ratio of depression, FD, low QoL and UNHS among older adults who experienced FI were; 3.43(95 %CI = 2.25–5.21), 1.18(95 %CI = 1.12–1.23), 2.01(95 %CI = 1.54–2.62), and 1.46(95 %CI = 1.01–2.11). Memory significantly decreased by 85 percentage points% among food insecure older adults [aβ(95 %CI) = −0.85(−1.62–−0.07)]. Older adults with relatively higher educational attainment and social support are less likely to suffer FI and associated limited health and poor social well-being. In the national quest to achieve SDG 2, these health and social determinants of FI among older adults should be considered in the implementation of the national ageing policy to improve the health and well-being of older adults in Ghana.

Fruits of the Gardens: Ethics, Metaphysics, and Textual Pleasures in Late Qajar Iran

Abstract This article introduces a miscellany notebook in Arabic and Persian, entitled Favāka al-basātin (Fruits of the Gardens), compiled around 1914 in Tehran by Hājj Mirzā Mohammad Tehrāni (d. 1914–21), a learned sugar merchant and bookseller. The notebook covers a broad range of topics on faith, philosophy, and ethics. It frequently draws on the Qurʾan and the Hadith, as well as Stoic proverbs, mostly from the Meditationes (Meditations) of Marcus Aurelius (r. 161–80), which was well received in nineteenth-century Persian advice literature. The text also includes passages from the Thousand and One Nights and sections on modern sciences, such as electricity, gas laws, and liquid dynamics, and a theory of colors explaining the rainbow. The article’s introductory section provides brief biographical background of the compiler of this notebook, the second section presents an overview of its contents, and the final section explores the question of authorial subjectivity and the author-text relationship by putting in perspective the volume’s gradual compilation, its eclectic range of topics, and its fluid structure. Through its diverse reading and writing strategies, this notebook represents an informative and heuristic venue that opens new analytical angles on Iran’s cosmopolitan, multifaceted, and heterogenous intellectual milieu in the late Qajar period.

대학 교원이 인식한 학생 강의평가의 실태 분석과 개선 방안 탐색

This study aims to analyze the awareness of instructors regarding course evaluations conducted by students and explore the current state and implications of course evaluations based on their perceptions. To achieve this, a survey was conducted to 394 instructors from universities and colleges nationwide. The key research findings are as follows: Firstly, university instructors generally expressed satisfaction with current course evaluation systems and held a positive perception of their purposes. Secondly, a significant issue identified in course evaluations is the potential reduction in accuracy due to the insincere responses of some students. Thirdly, for improvements of course evaluations, conducting course evaluations twice per semester, spanning mid-term and final exams, with flexible timing between two weeks before final exams and before grade disclosure were suggested. The composition of evaluation items should encompass both objective and subjective questions. Consideration should be given to limiting the application of evaluations from students with low academic achievement. Evaluation items should be designed with consideration for the characteristics of the courses, and the results should be utilized for faculty performance assessments and instructor selection. It is suggested that lower-ranked instructors in course evaluations should be mandated to undergo coaching or training related to teaching methods. Lastly, beyond student evaluations, it is requred to explore various evaluation methods such as self-evaluation, teaching portfolios, and peer evaluations.

THE DIDACTIC GAME " DIRETO INVERSO”: A TOOL FOR SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS TEACHING

Faced with the reality of education in our country, it’s noticeable the need to seek new methodologies, teaching tools and teacher training, as a way to make the educational process efficient and consistent with the expected objectives for the present day. Thereby, this academic work aims to propose the development of a didactic game involving magnitudes and their proportionality relations for the final grades of Elementary School, as a methodological resource that facilitates the teaching and learning process of mathematics and science. The game “Direto Inverso” is a board game with a treasure hunt theme in which its players will win coins by solving problem situations involving inversely and directly proportional magnitudes, with the ultimate goal of conquering the treasure chest of knowledge. The game was applied in three moments, in two public schools in the Federal District and in an event of educational practices and experiences, and with different audiences: elementary and high school students and educators. After the application, a QR code was made available that directed the player to an evaluation questionnaire containing objective and subjective questions. Based on the responses, it was observed that the game had excellent acceptability in several aspects. Regarding the game's design, most players found it attractive; with regard to the content addressed, more than 90% of participants said they learned the content while playing, these and other results confirmed the game as an effective tool for the teaching and learning process. At the end of the games, the comments were generally positive, with more than 89% of participants interested in playing again at another opportunity. Thus, it can be concluded that the game "Direto Inverso" contributed to the students' learning in a considerable way, aroused interest in the content without being repelled by mathematics, in addition, the game was considered attractive, allowing students to build knowledge among the sciences in a fun way.

TEACHING LITERACY FOR THOSE WHO TELL LIFE STORIES: A PROPOSAL FROM THE 6TH DIREC OF RN TOGETHER WITH THE POLICY TO ERADICATE ILLITERACY, QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE TOLD BY LITERATE PEOPLE

The problem of illiteracy represents a significant challenge in many parts of the world, negatively impacting the socioeconomic development and quality of life of communities. Illiteracy refers to the inability to read and write, limiting access to crucial information and educational, economic and social opportunities. This issue is complex and multifaceted, being influenced by several factors, such as poverty, lack of educational infrastructure, gender discrimination, armed conflicts, and the absence of effective literacy programs. The intergenerational cycle of illiteracy also plays a role, as non-literate parents are more likely to have children in the same situation. The program "Alphabetizing those who tell life stories" was designed by SEEC/RN and shaped by the state's 6th education directory, with the aim of rescuing citizens who never attended school or had little time in the school community. The methodology used included a case study and the application of interviews with subjective answer questions, in addition to training research on the participants' life stories. The results revealed that the majority of interviewees abandoned their studies due to the lack of conditions at the time, and were directed to work. However, everyone expressed a desire to return to studying before being invited to the program. Participants praised the program's approach, highlighting that every school should follow the same model. The qualitative analysis of the responses showed that the program positively impacted their lives from a human and social point of view, providing a new perspective of integration into society.

WHAT DO PEOPLE THINK ABOUT THE INTENSIVE CARE UNITS - ICU? AN INVESTIGATION ABOUT THE BELIEFS OF PEOPLE FROM THE DISTRICT FEDERAL AND ITS SURROUNDING

Health professionals who work in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) are often faced with misconceptions expressed by family members and patients about what an ICU is, its functioning and purpose. This study sought to investigate what emerging beliefs the population of the Federal District - DF and surrounding areas have regarding Intensive Care Units - ICU. This is an exploratory study, with a cross-sectional and mixed design. 125 people participated in the research and responded to a self-report measure: a sociodemographic questionnaire and an online questionnaire (Google Forms) that assessed beliefs about public and private ICUs in the Federal District, through 19 semi-open and closed questions. Descriptive statistical analysis of quantitative data and Bardin content analysis of subjective questions were performed. It is concluded that there are people who have mistaken beliefs about the functioning of ICUs, with a conviction about important differences between public and private ICUs. Education and profession was a determining factor regarding the adequacy between beliefs and the reality experienced in the ICUs.

Children's Visual Perception of Facial Scarring and Cleft Lip Deformity Using Eye Tracking Data.

The purpose of this study is to determine children's perception of secondary cleft lip deformity (SCLD) using objective eye tracking technology and subjective responses on a survey to understand pediatric perceptions of facial scarring. Cross-sectional study of participants aged 5-17 years old. Participants viewed images of children's faces with an eye tracking device. Sixteen images were displayed, 12 with unilateral SCLD and four with no facial scarring. Eye tracking data were obtained. Gaze samples were analyzed for areas of interest (AOIs). Immediately after viewing each image, participants answered two survey questions relating to facial asymmetry attitude toward the child pictured. For analysis, participants were divided into age groups. A total of 259 participants were enrolled (42.5% female). Mean age was 10.5 years and 78% identified as White. In all age groups, total fixation time was greater for SCLD compared to control images. Early elementary age children spent significantly less time assessing the nose AOI compared to other groups, and also spent the least total fixation time and had the lowest visit count on all AOIs. Subjective survey questions showed similar trends with elementary age not noticing facial asymmetry compared to older age groups. This study demonstrates the successful use of eye tracking technology in children as young as 5 years old. This study suggests that SCLD is perceived as less noticeable in elementary age children and becomes more noticeable to older groups. Understanding peer perception on SCLD from this study may impact decision on revision surgery for SCLD. IV Laryngoscope, 134:2726-2733, 2024.

Mapping Musical Mobilities: Challenging Musical Nationalism through Mobility and Migration

Often, music—particularly classical music—has been viewed in some quarters as a product of particular national cultures, with little regard paid to the ways in which mobile phenomena can contribute to its production, whether in the form of mobile people, objects, or concepts. This paper turns to notions of mobility as a means of exploring how musical cultures can be animated. It explores, too, the possibilities of particular forms of “mapping” as a way to retain, but also rethink, the spatial specificity so emphatically signalled in some musical tradition-claiming, while simultaneously avoiding the excessive valorisation of mobility that can characterise many musical careers as endlessly nomadic or socially detached. We begin by discussing the question of music and nationalism in more detail, particularly as it has been conceived of within musicology, ethnomusicology, and nationalism studies. In so doing, we aim to establish a sense of the national framing and fixing through which (classical) music has hitherto been understood in some contexts. This leads naturally onto an attendant discussion of the mobility of music, in which we will outline some of the nascent material on this topic.

VAŽNOST NAČELA KONTINUITETA I PRIMATA DRŽAVLJANSTVA U POSTUPCIMA DENACIONALIZACIJE NA PRIMJERU SLUČAJA GROFA DRAŠKOVIĆA

In denationalization procedures, that is, the right to compensation and/or return of confiscated property according to the Law on Compensation for Property Confiscated During the Yugoslav Communist Rule, the question of nationality is (was) extremely important. Namely, from 1996 to 2002, foreign nationals did not have the right to be entitled to compensation. Since 2002, the holder of the right to compensation is any previous owner, regardless of nationality, whose right to compensation for confiscated property is not regulated by an intergovernmental agreement. Therefore, the question of nationality is still important for the possibility of instigating denationalization procedures. In the mentioned procedures, until 2002, the question could arise as to whether a person was a Croatian national or not, that is, after 2002, the question could arise as to whether a person was a national of a state with which there is an intergovernmental agreement on compensation for confiscated property. In determining the nationality of a potential recipient of compensation, two principles of nationality law are extremely important - the principle of continuity and the principle of the primacy of nationality. The paper will analyze these two principles and their application in the denationalization process will be shown in the case of count Drašković.

Effect of Social Interaction Intervention on Empathy among Public School Students and the National Question in Nigeria

Effect of Social Interaction Intervention on Empathy among Public School Students and the National Question in Nigeria

The “National Question” revisited

The “National Question” revisited

Pomery medzi slovenskými gážistami československej brannej moci po druhej svetovej vojne z pohľadu Úradu štátneho tajomníka MNO generála Mikuláša Ferjenčíka

The documents submitted vividly illustrate the negative tendencies associated with the acti vities of Slovak salaried employees (gážisti) who served during World War II and continued serving in the post-war Czechoslovak Army. In the first post-war year, these issues were openly pointed out and severely criticized by the State Secretary of the Ministry of National Defence, General Mikuláš Ferjenčík. As a Slovak, he was actively involved in decision-making concer ning the Slovak portion of the Army. Moreover, as a non-partisan individual, he aimed for an objective assessment of the situation. These documents offer a unique period testimony to the character and mentality of the former Slovak defence salaried employees. Keywords: Slovaks in CS Army, command corps of the CS Army, national question in the CS Army

The National Question and National Movements

The National Question and National Movements

Broadcasting Freedom: Thinking Beyond Domination and Resistance on Réunion Island’s Radio

This article examines domination, resistance, and identity on Réunion Island through the lens of Radio FreeDom, a local unfiltered radio station. On FreeDom, residents of the French overseas department can call in directly to the on-air hosts at any time to discuss any subject live on the radio. With nearly 30% of the population tuning in and participating in dialogue all day, the station is often coined the “voice of Réunion.” In 1991, the government shutdown FreeDom, triggering protests among the most violent in the island’s history. This article considers the legacy of these events in conversation with the radio’s contemporary role in Réunionese society to show how FreeDom transcends binary categorizations of domination and resistance, bringing questions of identity, region, and nation into disarray.