Subject Perspective Research Articles

A Study on The Construction of Blended-learning System under the Perspective of Multiple Subjects

It has become a hot topic in teaching reform to combine classroom teaching with information technology. Blended-learning has made the new definition of teaching, and build a new "teachers leader-students body" teaching relations, and put forward new requirements for the education relation of subjects including students, teachers, managers. Paper discusses the multiple-body perspective of blended-learning system construction, containing the class distribution of internal and external learning, pre-class teaching materials, design of autonomous learning task, design of problem feedback mechanism, design of class learning activity, after-class homework and auxiliary learning resources construction, and the way of evaluating multiple links. Paper claims that the blended-learning reform of colleges and universities is an inevitable trend. The multiple subject perspective of blended-learning can promote students' autonomous learning, improve teaching effect, enrich and develop the existing single type of online and offline teaching mode.

Simultaneous Treatment of Moderate-to-Severe Horizontal Frontalis Lines, Glabellar Lines, and Lateral Canthal Lines wtih OnabotulinumtoxinA from the Subject's Perspective: Patient-Reported Satisfaction and Impact Outcomes from a Phase 3 Double-Blind Study

Abstract Not AvailableStudy supported by Allergan.

Extracorporeal Life Support as a Bridge to Lung Transplantation: A Single-Center Experience With an Emphasis on Health-Related Quality of Life.

Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) as a bridge to lung transplantation is increasingly used, but information on long-term outcome is scarce. We aim to summarize our experience with an emphasis on health-related quality of life. Secondary outcomes include ICU and hospital stay and pre- and post-transplant mortality. A retrospective cohort study of all adult subjects receiving ECLS as a bridge to lung transplantation from 2010 to 2014 was reviewed and compared with all adult subjects who underwent bilateral lung transplantation in the same period. For the ECLS group, the general health status was assessed with the use of the EuroQol Group 5-Dimension Self-Report Questionnaire. A total of 130 bilateral transplants were performed, 9 transplants were performed after ECLS therapy. Another 11 subjects died on the waiting list while receiving ECLS. Quality of life, at 12 months after surgery, from a subject's perspective was comparable in both groups with a median score of 80 on the visual analog scale. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) EuroQol Group 5-Dimension Self-Report Questionnaire 3L score from the societal perspective in the ECLS group was 0.73 (0.5-0.9). Median (IQR) ICU stay was 25 d (9-68 d) for the ECLS group versus 7 d (4-18 d) for the control group (P = .001), and in-hospital stay was 66 d (40-114 d) versus 42 d (29-62 d) (P = .004). ECLS can be used as a bridge to lung transplantation. A significant number of subjects were not bridged successfully due to different reasons. Outcomes after successful transplantation after ECLS might be comparable with the general population undergoing lung transplantation in terms of quality of life, lung function, performance tests, and mortality, although ICU and hospital stay are longer.

Text from a functional communicative perspective: a linguistic analysis of Chekhov’s humoresque “My ‘her’”

AbstractThe article presents a theoretical framework for linguistic analysis of a text – Functional Communicative Grammar (FCG). Based on the assumption that any text is generated by the communicative intentions of the speaker, this approach focuses on the speaker’s time and space perspective in relation to the depicted situation, the plurality of subjects involved and the different statuses of these subjects within an utterance. The methodology allows the analyst to reveal the author’s tactics and strategy in the creation of a text and to point out the linguistic tools that help them achieve the desired effect on the reader. To demonstrate the framework’s potential, I perform a linguistic analysis of a short humoresque by Chekhov, using specific categories developed within FCG. Analyzing the semantics of predicative and non-predicative units, I generalize over the organization of the textual time, subject perspective and registers understood as communicative types of speech, and demonstrate how Chekhov creates the effect of deceived expectation at the linguistic level.

Local communication companies in 1941-1945: domestic historiography

Theauthors for the first time study the historical literature published in 19412015 and devoted to activity of local communication establishments of the front and rear districts of RSFSR during the Great Patriotic War. The special attention is paid to the researches executed on materials of Central Volga area. The historiography is analyzed within two large periods: Soviet and Post-Soviet. The main tendencies of methodology development, references and the subject perspective are defined in each of them. The authors have drawn conclusions about the degree of study of civil operators contribution to the Victory in 19411945. The modern period of studying of the place and role of communication industry in military economy, information infrastructure, everyday life in the extreme conditions of the war is characterized by application of new methodological approaches (system, modernization, integration, biographic) which promote interdisciplinary judgment as well as expansion of the problem field of the Great Patriotic War communication history research. Among perspective questions which were earlier insufficiently studied by historians the authors note a role of local communication establishments in industrial enterprises and population evacuation, in development of military industrial complex of rear areas, structure of post military censorship bodies, standard and legal base of post and cable departures inspection, courier communication organization, material and household provision for regional communication institutions officers and others.

Commentary: Mediation Analyses in the Real World.

Commentary: Mediation Analyses in the Real World.

Flight simulation using a Brain-Computer Interface: A pilot, pilot study

As Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) systems advance for uses such as robotic arm control it is postulated that the control paradigms could apply to other scenarios, such as control of video games, wheelchair movement or even flight. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine whether our BCI system, which involves decoding the signals of two 96-microelectrode arrays implanted into the motor cortex of a subject, could also be used to control an aircraft in a flight simulator environment.The study involved six sessions in which various parameters were modified in order to achieve the best flight control, including plane type, view, control paradigm, gains, and limits. Successful flight was determined qualitatively by evaluating the subject's ability to perform requested maneuvers, maintain flight paths, and avoid control losses such as dives, spins and crashes.By the end of the study, it was found that the subject could successfully control an aircraft. The subject could use both the jet and propeller plane with different views, adopting an intuitive control paradigm. From the subject's perspective, this was one of the most exciting and entertaining experiments she had performed in two years of research.In conclusion, this study provides a proof-of-concept that traditional motor cortex signals combined with a decoding paradigm can be used to control systems besides a robotic arm for which the decoder was developed. Aside from possible functional benefits, it also shows the potential for a new recreational activity for individuals with disabilities who are able to master BCI control.

"O QUE ELA QUER SABER DA MINHA VIDA?": limites e possibilidades para o sujeito no ensino de Língua Portuguesa por meio dos gêneros

The purpose of this paper is to present a few thoughts on one of the implications of the entrance of the theories of genres, specifically the one about genres of speech (BAKHTIN, 1988; 2003; 2004), as referential to the teaching of language practices in schools. We are interested in discussing the space given by the language teaching to the subject's manifestation and subjectivity's magnification upon the theoretical orientation. From the subject's perspective in Bakhtin (2003, 2004), we have analyzed the oral report of an elementary school student while interacting with his mother about the written activities that had been given to him by the school - a corpus generated in a family environment in 2014, registered (audio) by the mother herself (a Linguistics researcher) before being transferred for analysis. Based on an interpretative qualitative analysis some limits and possibilities for the subject in Portuguese teaching through genres are pointed out.

Digit-tracking: Interpreting the evolution over time of sensory dimensions of an individual product space issued from Napping® and sorted Napping

Up to now, the sole information used when analysing (sorted) Napping® data has been the coordinates of the stimuli on a plane (and the way these stimuli have been grouped). This information corresponds to the final configuration provided by one subject. Beyond this final configuration, it is interesting to observe what the subject actually did during the whole experiment.Rather than focusing on the final configuration only, our starting point is to collect and analyse data from the moment the stimuli are presented, to their final configuration. The rationale behind is to explore the evolution over time of the sensory dimensions that structure a set of stimuli.In this paper, we propose a new methodology for studying the evolution over time of sensory dimensions of an individual product space issued from Napping® or sorted Napping. This methodology is based on a technique for collecting data, named digit-tracking: data are collected on a tactile device, and stored on a server that depends on the collaborative environment Holos, specifically developed for that purpose. The proposed methodology is presented through a case study on advertising videos of 10 luxury men perfumes.From a product perspective, our methodology helps in assessing the relative importance of one dimension on another dimension. From a subject perspective, it helps in understanding the different individual cognitive processes (i.e., the different behaviours) and in differentiating them.

The Subject Perspective of Causal Relations (in the Cases of Russian and German)

The present article attempts to reveal the subject perspective of causal relations in the cases of Russian and German. The subject is represented as a central figure: his or her perception and knowledge of the reality are manifested in her or his cognitive state, mental perception, and subjective judgments about objective causal relationships. Subjectivity acts are the main principle of categorization and conceptualization of causal relations. They play the key role in building a notional structure of causal utterances and in creating cognitive integrity in oral and written discourse. As the author of various epistemic judgments, the subject can be in a cognitive state of knowing, ignorance, certainty, uncertainty, supposition, remembering, and guessing. The type of state depends on the information’s authenticity degree and on the information’s character: direct, indirect, and potential, based on which the speaker comes to a conclusion about the event. The article also reveals the means for verbalization of cognitive states and subjective causal relations.

Interpreting vs. Explaining: A Rejoinder to Robert Segal

THANKS TO ROBERT SEGAL for his response, in which he argues that the distinction I draw between interpretation (analysis that discloses embedded assumptions and meanings that characterize the religious subject's perspective) and explanation (a causal account from the scholar's perspective) is not possible. He writes that the “religionist interpretation of religious experience is not separable from the religionist explanation of religious experience.” Meaning: the religious subject's interpretation of his experience already includes an embedded explanation of the experience, presumably in religious terms. True enough. This, however, is all the more reason why—when the scholar seeks to understand that subject's experience—she cannot begin by interposing her own explanatory theory, which in all likelihood will differ from the subject's own explanation, thereby misconstruing the original experience. The example of Sigmund Freud is apropos. According to Segal, “Freud interprets God psychologically before proceeding to account for the experience of God psychologically. Freud is . . . asserting that God—the God believed in—is really the father.” For Freud, the experience of God is explained as a manifestation of the subconscious desire for the father, whom Freud depicts as a powerful, intimidating figure who evokes fear and even “dread” (1961: 24). According to Segal, Freud's explanatory theory provides the means whereby an interpretation of a religious experience may be obtained.

Complications and Patient‐Centered Outcomes with an Implant‐Supported Monolithic Zirconia Fixed Dental Prosthesis: 1 Year Results

To characterize the number and type of complications that occur with a monolithic zirconia fixed dental prosthesis (MZ-FDP) supported by four endosseous implants in the edentulous mandible over time and to quantify the impact of treatment on oral health quality of life (OHQoL). Seventeen edentulous participants were enrolled. New conventional dentures were fabricated for each participant. Four Astra Tech Osseospeed TX implants (Dentsply) were then placed in the parasymphyseal mandible, and after a period of healing, a full-arch monolithic zirconia prosthesis (Zirkonzahn) was inserted. Complication data were recorded and OHQoL was evaluated using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-49), administered on four occasions: enrollment; implant surgery; and 6- and 12-month recalls. Sixty-eight implants were placed in 17 edentulous individuals aged 30 to 78 (mean 57.9 years). Implant survival was 94% from the subject perspective and 99% from the implant perspective. Prosthesis survival was 88%. Twelve complications occurred in ten participants, whereas seven participants remained complication free. Both OHIP-49 severity and extent scores decreased significantly between enrollment and 12-month recall (p < 0.001). The mean OHIP-49 severity score at baseline was 94.8 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 73.9, 115.8) and declined an average of 76.8 (95% CI: -91.3, -62.3) units per participant. The mean OHIP-49 extent score at baseline was 17.2 (95% CI: 10.8, 23.6) and declined 16.3 (95% CI: -20.2, -12.4) units per participant on average. Implant survival was high, and few complications related to the MZ-FDP were observed. The most common prosthetic complication was tooth chipping in the opposing maxillary denture, which accounted for 50% of all complication events. Substantial and clinically important improvements in OHQoL were achieved with both conventional dentures and the implant-supported MZ-FDP. The data of this short-term study indicate that the implant-supported MZ-FDP is a therapeutic option with particular advantages in the edentulous mandible that warrants further long-term study.

Epistemic Internalism, Justification, and Memory

Epistemic internalism, by stressing the indispensability of the subject's perspective, strikes many as plausible at first blush. However, many people have tended to reject the position because certain kinds of beliefs have been thought to pose special problems for epistemic internalism. For example, internalists tend to hold that so long as a justifier is available to the subject either immediately or upon introspection, it can serve to justify beliefs. Many have thought it obvious that no such view can be correct, as it has been alleged that internalism cannot account for the possibility of the justification of beliefs stored in memory. My aim in this paper is to offer a response that explains how memory justification is possible in a way that is consistent with epistemic internalism and an awareness condition on justification. Specifically, I will explore the plausibility of various options open to internalists, including both foundationalist and non-foundationalist approaches to the structure of justification. I intend to show that despite other difficult challenges that epistemic internalism might face, memory belief poses no special problems that the resources of internalism cannot adequately address.

Comparative glocal perspectives on European teacher education

This article reports the findings of a PhD study, which offers comparative perspectives on teacher education in a period of reforms, inquiring into stakeholders’ perceptions in English, French, Italian and Spanish contexts as case studies. The interaction of needs and constraints in European initial teacher education within higher education reforms, and the mediation between contrasting influences and diverse education cultures, are viewed as global phenomena: teacher education practices in different countries can be described as ‘translations’ of European policies, with innovative potential in glocal developments. This article explores some issues of the European dimension of teacher education, reporting the qualitative findings of the study, underpinned by a theoretical framework encompassing globalisation and social ecological studies. In the four case study contexts, the focus is on secondary teacher education; when a subject perspective is required, it concerns the area of modern languages, considering their transversal role in European education policies. Findings from the national case studies come from a limited empirical sample, but can be of interest in showing emerging tensions and trends.

Functional and Physiological Outcomes from an Exercise-Based Dysphagia Therapy: A Pilot Investigation of the McNeill Dysphagia Therapy Program

Crary MA, Carnaby GD, LaGorio LA, Carvajal PJ. Functional and physiological outcomes from an exercise-based dysphagia therapy: a pilot investigation of the McNeill Dysphagia Therapy Program. ObjectiveTo investigate functional and physiological changes in swallowing performance of adults with chronic dysphagia after an exercise-based dysphagia therapy. DesignIntervention study: before-after trial with 3-month follow-up evaluation. SettingOutpatient clinic within a tertiary care academic health science center. ParticipantsAdults (N=9) with chronic (>12mo) dysphagia after unsuccessful prior therapies. Subjects were identified from among patients referred to an outpatient dysphagia clinic. Subjects had dysphagia secondary to prior treatment for head/neck cancer or from neurologic injury. All subjects demonstrated clinical and fluoroscopic evidence of oropharyngeal dysphagia. No subject withdrew during the course of this study. InterventionsAll subjects completed 3 weeks of an intensive, exercise-based dysphagia therapy. Therapy was conducted daily for 1h/d, with additional activities completed by subjects each night between therapy sessions. Main Outcome MeasuresPrimary outcomes were clinical and functional change in swallowing performance with maintenance at 3 months after intervention. Secondary, exploratory outcomes included physiological change in swallow performance measured by hyolaryngeal elevation, lingual-palatal and pharyngeal manometric pressure, and surface electromyographic amplitude. ResultsClinical and functional swallowing performances improved significantly and were maintained at the 3-month follow-up examination. Subject perspective (visual analog scale) on functional swallowing also improved. Four of 7 subjects who were initially feeding tube dependent progressed to total oral intake after 3 weeks of intervention. Physiological indices demonstrated increased swallowing effort after intervention. ConclusionsSignificant clinical and functional improvement in swallowing performance followed a time-limited (3wk) exercise-based intervention in a sample of subjects with chronic dysphagia. Physiological changes after therapy implicate improved neuromuscular functioning within the swallow mechanism.

Teaching Innovation and Exploration of College Electronic Measurement Technology Course

In this paper, the course content of electronic measurement technology is introduced from subject perspective. Some problems existing in theory and practice teaching are analyzed in detail. According to the current situation of curriculum teaching in our university, innovation and exploration is carried out and some reform measures are put forward based on existing methods. Finally, the improvement on the forms and contents of course assessment is envisaged. Curriculum reformation combines classical measure theory with modern test technology properly as well as considers its theory and application, remarkable teaching effect is obtained then. It provides a new teaching method suitable for electronic measurement technology course.

A paradiplomacia financeira no Brasil da República Velha, 1890-1930

Neste artigo, visa-se a analisar um caso de extroversão de governos estaduais no campo do financiamento externo no período da chamada República Velha (1890-1930) no Brasil. Com base na definição de "paradiplomacia financeira", argumenta que a experiência histórica brasileira nesse aspecto teria sido um caso típico de ação paradiplomática. Amplo levantamento estatístico dos empréstimos externos por estados, o resgate das fontes documentais primárias sobre o assunto e a contextualização histórica pertinente dão sustentação à caracterização do período como uma fase de paradiplomacia financeira precoce.

Stereotyping of citizens in an expatriate‐dominated labour market

PurposeEven though initiatives to increase the participation of citizens in the workforce have been in place for more than a decade in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), the results are not impressive. Citizens' workforce participation – it is argued in the literature – is hindered by structural as well as attitudinal concerns. A key concern of this paper is to explore stereotypes which – as anecdotal evidence in the literature suggests – are a key hindrance to successful localisation.Design/methodology/approachA survey was completed by 310 expatriates and citizens. Exploratory factor analysis was used to understand the key factors describing how UAE citizens are perceived and stereotyped and ANOVA analyses were used to understand the determinants of such perceptions.FindingsFindings confirm the general belief that Emiratis are negatively stereotyped by expatriates in the UAE labour market. Four themes or factors regarding perceptions of citizens were identified: generally negative perceptions with regard to skills and competencies, work ethics, cultural disposition, and perceived effectiveness of Emiratisation.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample was not ideally balanced as it included more citizens compared to the overall composition of the labour market.Practical implicationsThe implications of these negative stereotypes on intergroup relations and expected impacts on Emiratisation are discussed. Ultimately, this paper provides a new subject perspective on immigration, presenting the case of citizens being a minority in need of acculturation to their own country's work environment.Originality/valueThis paper is the first to empirically assess stereotyping and negative perceptions of citizens and its implications on workforce nationalisation in the GCC region.

Payment to Healthy Volunteers in Clinical Research: The Research Subject's Perspective

Although there is much discussion regarding the ethics of making payments to healthy volunteers for participating in clinical research, little data are available from the point of view of the volunteers as to what they would consider to be fair payment. The objectives of this study were to determine healthy volunteers' estimates of appropriate payments for participation in hypothetical clinical trials in order to explore the reasoning behind these estimates and to examine the association between volunteer demographics and payment expectations. Sixty participants with previous experience as healthy volunteers in research studies were presented with four hypothetical studies and interviewed about their impressions of burden and risks involved in the studies. They were also asked to estimate an appropriate payment to the volunteers for each of the studies. For each of the studies, the payment estimates made by the participants varied over a wide range. However, each individual tended to be consistent in estimate placement within this range. No demographic factor was significantly associated with the estimated study payment. Subjects frequently mentioned risk and logistical burden as factors that should determine payment levels. Healthy volunteer subjects appear to have individualized yet consistent methods of arriving at estimates of payments for participating in clinical studies. These estimates are based on each subject's perception of study burden and associated risk.

Ontological and Epistemological Foundations of Qualitative Research

The purpose of this paper is to describe the most relevant features of qualitative research in order to show how, from the Epistemology of the Known Subject perspective I propose, it is necessary to review first the ontological and then the epistemological grounds of this type of inquiry. I begin by following the path that leads from the Epistemology of the Knowing Subject to the Epistemology of the Known Subject, proposed as a new and non exclusive way of knowing. I pass on to describe the primary and secondary characteristics of qualitative research, expressing the need for an ontological rupture. Finally, cognitive interaction and cooperative knowledge construction are considered as two fundamental features in the process of qualitative research grounded on the Epistemology of the Known Subject. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0902307