Subject-oriented Approach Research Articles

ІНТЕГРАТИВНИЙ ПІДХІД ДО НАВЧАЛЬНОГО ПРОЦЕСУ В КОНТЕКСТІ СОЦІАЛІЗАЦІЇ МАЙБУТНІХ ФАХІВЦІВ ТЕХНІЧНОГО ПРОФІЛЮ

The article substantiates the expediency of the integrative approach as a means of socializing of students of higher technical education institutions.The results of the theoretical and methodological analysis of the problem of socialization of the student youth and the leading role of professional environment in terms of its provision in modern conditions are presented. Turning to the discussion on the implementation of the continuity of technological and competence approaches in the field of education, the necessity of transition to interdisciplinary training based on the implementation of the subject-oriented approach is substantiated. It is revealed that the design of integral phenomena requires the integrated knowledge, interdisciplinary synthesis, construction of ideal images of socially oriented orientation. Correction of the procedure of early professionalization of the youth should be focused on the development of the individual, the formation of understanding of a new society, human capital, preservation and strengthening of human health.Introduction of integration into the educational process is one of the possible ways of solving the problem of correlation of basic and humanitarian subjects in the technical institutes. Integration of education content, namely, presentation of relations and interrelations that exist between different educational courses, contributes to a holistic view of the world, nature, social phenomena and their dialectics. Integrative connections, from the position of specific training, do not break the structure and specificity of each training course, but harmoniously combine them into a common system of knowledge, abilities, skills and value orientations of the individual. The formation of a highly skilled specialist requires the provision of its multicomponent system of integrated multi-objective knowledge. The models of a modern specialist should ensure the formation of a comprehensive system of general and specialized knowledge through didactic means of all educational subjects, which is possible only with an integrative approach to learning.In the process of socialization of the student youth, the integration processes are capable of ensuring the formation of motivation for professional activity, adaptation of students and graduates in conditions of real social environment. The main principles of the theory of pedagogical integration can be used to create the integrated courses of humanities at a technical university on a scientific basis.

Migrants moving through mobility regimes: The trajectory approach as a tool to reveal migratory processes

Since the so-called “migration crisis” began in 2015, irregular migratory movement toward Central Europe has significantly intensified public attention in the Global North around this issue. This has also contributed to the increased attention of scholars toward the protracted and fragmented journeys of migrants. A mobile perspective that follows migrants along their trajectories offers a fruitful methodological approach for grasping these ongoing long-term and long-distance migratory journeys. With empirical underpinnings, this paper illustrates that this approach is particularly helpful in understanding the multiple interactions between mobility regimes and people on the move. It argues that such a subject-oriented approach has the potential to (i) unbound geographical perspectives on migration by not limiting the analysis to specific regional or national settings, (ii) question the determining power of mobility regimes as institutionalized sets of regulations, and (iii) shed light on migrants’ creative spaces of maneuvering that actively (re-)shape legal conditions. As a way of concluding this paper, it is argued that the trajectory is not an either/or approach. That is to say that it does not look at individual scope of action or regimes that structure and differentiate migratory im/mobility. It is actually the intersections between them that create the empirical and conceptual value of this approach. From there, new pathways of this emerging subfield in migration studies are further explored.

Разработка концепции выявления и оценки рисков, как инструмента повышения эффективности электронного декларирования таможенного транзита

The issue of improving the efficiency of customs control, while reducing the additional forms of customs control is the most acute and topical issues of practical activities of customs authorities. The reserves of efficiency of the current risk management system are approaching the specified thresholds if not fully exhausted. Therefore, a fundamentally new approach to risk identification is required to significantly improve the effectiveness of the risk management system. The proposed concept of risk identification and assessment is based on the application of the mechanism of through-process customs control, involving the unification of information about the person being the declarant of goods, as well as the preliminary information about the imported consignment in the amount of information submitted when placing goods under the declared customs procedure with the Declaration of goods. The above features allow to introduce a subject-oriented approach of risk management system at all stages of customs operations in respect of goods imported into the customs territory of the Eurasian economic Union, and also significantly increase the share of formalized risk indicators, including semantic risk indicators, which are the basis for the application of forms of customs control. The introduction of the above risk indicators will ensure the transition to a qualitatively new level of customs control in respect of goods subject to other types of state control and also will lead to a significant increase in the effectiveness of the risk management system by increasing the proportion of identified target risk profiles.

Pedagogical Facilitation In The Development Of The Subject Potential Of Future Masters

The article presents the author's vision of the use of pedagogical facilitation in the development of the subject potential of future masters. The relevance of the possibility of using pedagogical facilitation in the preparation of future masters stated in the article is due to the fact that there is a new social and pedagogical phenomenon in the higher education in Russia - facilitation. The pedagogical facilitation in higher education is considered by us as strengthening, increasing the productivity of education (teaching, upbringing, development) among the students as subjects of educational and professional activity. Pedagogical facilitation is a technology based on the use of a special style of communication by the university teacher in the context of the personality of teacher and student, based on the use of new ideas in the training group as a team to solve a particular problem. The main approach, based on the solution of this task, is the subject-oriented approach to the students of the university, which is necessary for the university teacher to create a facilitation situation for the student's development as a subject of educational and professional activity.

Subject-Oriented Approach in the Professional Formation of the Future Music Teacher

The article deals with the possibilities of introducing a subject-oriented approach into the practice of professional education of the future music teacher. Particular attention is paid to the forms and methods used in this field, as well as to the conditions of the modern cultural environment, which allows for the free self-realization of the individual in accordance with his subject needs. Subject-oriented approach is the practice-oriented research. The study identified a number of the most significant components in the preparation of a music teacher, such as individual forms of studies and a number of special methods, which include the method of artistic associations, verbal allegories, metaphors, the method of heuristic tasks for mastering creative activities. The openness of the musical and pedagogical system has great importance in its ability to respond to changes in the music and educational environment, which includes educational institutions and various cultural institutions: theaters, concert halls, orchestral and choir groups. All that conditions are necessary to ensure the possibility of creative self-realization and self-actualization of future music teachers.

Unborn and Future Children as New Legal Subjects: An Evaluation of Two Subject-Oriented Approaches—The Subject of Rights and the Subject of Interests

The desire to prevent prenatal and preconceptual harm has led to a call for more legal protection for unborn and future children. This Article analyzes the way in which the Dutch legal system has responded to this call by identifying and critically scrutinizing two strategies employed in this response. First, to protect the unborn child from maternal harm, the concept of legal personality has been expanded to include the unborn child, albeit only the viable fetus. This strategy is criticized because its measures are presented as if they follow directly from the existing legal framework, whereas these measures are in fact based on several obscured assumptions and, therefore, bring to bear a new perspective on the concept of legal personality. The second strategy is applied to the future child. Instead of expanding an existing category, a new category is created to offer the future child a place within the law. The future child is addressed as the subject of legal relevant interests instead of rights. Although this strategy seems promising, it still faces difficulties when applied to the future child, which presumably has an interest in non-existence.

Inferior myocardial infarction detection using stationary wavelet transform and machine learning approach

Early and accurate detection of myocardial infarction is imperative for reducing the mortality rate due to heart attack. Present work proposes a novel technique aiming toward accurate and timely detection of inferior myocardial infarction (IMI). Stationary wavelet transform has been used to decompose the segmented multilead electrocardiogram (ECG) signal into different sub-bands. Sample entropy, normalized sub-band energy, log energy entropy, and median slope calculated over selected bands of multilead ECG are used as features. Support vector machine (SVM) and K-nearest neighbor (KNN) have been used to classify between subjects admitted for health control (HC) and patients suffering from IMI, using attributes selected on the basis of gain ratio. The full length ECG of lead II, III, and aVF of all the subjects having IMI or admitted for HC from Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Database (PTB-DB) has been used in the present work. The proposed technique has been scrutinized under both “class-oriented,” and more practical, “subject-oriented” approach. Under the class-oriented approach, data have been divided into training and test data irrespective of the patients, whereas in subject-oriented approach, data from one patient have been used for test and training has been done on the rest of the subjects. Under the class-oriented approach, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (Roc), sensitivity (Se%), specificity (Sp%), positive predictivity (+P%), and accuracy (Ac%) is Roc $$=$$ 0.9945, Se% $$=$$ 98.67, Sp% $$=$$ 98.72, +P% $$=$$ 98.79, Ac% $$=$$ 98.69 using KNN and Roc $$=$$ 0.9994, Se% $$=$$ 99.35, Sp% $$=$$ 98.29, +P% $$=$$ 98.41, Ac% $$=$$ 98.84 using SVM. For the subject-oriented approach, an average Ac% $$=$$ 81.71, Se% $$=$$ 79.01, Sp% $$=$$ 79.26, and +P% $$=$$ 80.25 has been achieved. This shows the potential of the proposed technique to work for an unknown subject, on which it has not been trained.

Citius, Altius, Fortius in a deregulated labour market: narratives of precarious graduates

Labour markets foster qualification models and professionalisation strategies characterised by insecurity and deregulation. This article analyses narratives of precarious graduates through a subject-oriented approach, taking into account the increasing vulnerability, insecurity and fragmentation that characterise the professional experiences of graduates in the current global economic and financial crisis. Drawing upon information-rich evidence from 21 focus group interviews carried out in a research project in Portugal, this article aims to highlight how young graduates are experiencing, interpreting and managing dilemmas in their transitions from higher education into the labour market. It concludes that ambivalent and unpredictable paths have become the ‘main route’ for accessing a profession in a context of precariousness.

Применение субъектно-ориентированного подхода при категорировании участников внешнеэкономической деятельности в рамках системы управления рисками

Применение субъектно-ориентированного подхода при категорировании участников внешнеэкономической деятельности в рамках системы управления рисками

Competence-oriented instruction in vocational education in Austria: An empirical comparison between two instructional approaches

A distinct feature of the Austrian education system is its differentiation of programs in vocational education. Among these programs, the dual education system has a long tradition: Students undergo an apprenticeship in a company while also attending a vocational school in part-time. More than other forms of education, this combination of on-the-job training at the work place and instruction in vocational school requires constant adaptation to economic requirements. Against this background, a new instructional approach, so called areas of learning with a focus on competence were introduced in the vocational school Eisenstadt in the year 2010. The introduction of this approach offered an opportunity for comparing it with a “traditional” subject-oriented approach. Results of the comparison will be presented and discussed in this article.

АДАПТИВНОЕ МНОГОКРИТЕРИАЛЬНОЕ ПРИНЯТИЕ РЕШЕНИЙ НА ОСНОВЕ СУБЪЕКТНО-ОРИЕНТИРОВАННОГО ПОДХОДА ПРИ ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИИ СЕТЕЙ МАЛЫХ ПОСЕЛЕНИЙ

АДАПТИВНОЕ МНОГОКРИТЕРИАЛЬНОЕ ПРИНЯТИЕ РЕШЕНИЙ НА ОСНОВЕ СУБЪЕКТНО-ОРИЕНТИРОВАННОГО ПОДХОДА ПРИ ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИИ СЕТЕЙ МАЛЫХ ПОСЕЛЕНИЙ

Conceptual approach and principles of computer systems’ design for educational purposes

A subject-oriented approach to building of computer systems for educational purposes that support the practical work of the users is proposed. The general concepts and principles of this approach can be used in the design of a large variety of computer systems for educational purposes for secondary and high school

The production of precariousness and implications for collective action: a reply to Emiliana Armano and Annalisa Murgia

This is a reply to:Armano, Emiliana, and Annalisa Murgia. 2013. “The precariousnesses of young knowledge workers: a subject-oriented approach.” Global Discourse. 3 (3–4): 486–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23269995.2013.865313.

The precariousnesses of young knowledge workers: a subject-oriented approach

Over the past decades, a number of EU member states have recorded large rises in the use of temporary employment. Young people are far more likely than other groups to be employed in precarious jobs, independently of their education and skills. In the midst of the global economic-financial crisis, in fact, the assault on the conditions of knowledge workers goes on, according to the different lines of the neoliberalistic logics, which juxtapose with the current precarisation processes like underpayment and misalignment between subjects’ educations and their working activities. How do young precarious knowledge workers recount their experiences? What relation holds between a high education level and the possibility of effectively deploying the competences and skills acquired? How do knowledge workers represent and deal with their precarious conditions? To answer these questions, this article proposes a definition of the concepts of ‘precarity’, ‘precariousness’ and ‘precariat’ and then focuses specifically on the precariousness experienced by young knowledge workers in Italy and the importance of investigating precarisation processes in light of their experiences. Hence, the present article discusses the invisible face of the conditions of young knowledge workers, which collides with the official face. The latter superficially presents them as ‘independent professionals’, although they increasingly experience conditions similar to those of dependent workers and at the same time suffer the effects of the further precarisation brought about by the crisis, but missing trade-unions support or political representation.

Clinical-Based, Task-Specific and Subject-Oriented Approaches Essential to Effective Robotics Rehabilitation

Clinical-Based, Task-Specific and Subject-Oriented Approaches Essential to Effective Robotics Rehabilitation

Health psychology and health promotion

Abstract. The Flensburg health psychology group takes a salutogenic perspective and aims at developing innovative health promotion approaches. It stands in the interdisciplinary context of health and educational sciences. Our focus in research is on both, stress processes and lay representations of health and illness in the context of salutogenic theories of health. Basic and applied research activities aim at developing subject-oriented approaches of prevention and health promotion that are designed to promote health resources and competencies in selected settings and target groups. Current research is concentrated on socially disadvantaged groups, on occupational groups and on men to develop tailored health promotion approaches that reach groups in need and which show sustainable effects.

Problem-oriented and project-based learning (POPBL) as an innovative learning strategy for sustainable development in engineering education

In a world where systems are increasingly larger, where their boundaries are often difficult to identify, and where societal rather than technical issues play increasingly bigger roles, problems cannot be solved by applying a technical solution alone. It thus becomes important for engineers to be skilled not only in terms of their particular technical field but also their ability to identify non-technical aspects of problems, the interaction between these aspects and possible solutions. Introducing and integrating these aspects into engineering education is certainly not an easy task and requires innovative approaches. In this article, focus is placed on the so-called Aalborg Model, a problem-oriented and project-based learning paradigm utilised at Aalborg University (Denmark), and the mutual benefits that this particular learning strategy provides for students, faculty and communities. The article discusses the concept of sustainable development; accounts for the general capabilities of engineering education graduates, and discusses the integration of non-technical issues into various environmental engineering curricula. On the basis of this discussion, it underlines the importance of applying a problem-oriented rather than a subject-oriented approach in order to create a balance between problem occurrence (or identification) and innovative problem solving. We conclude that, in order for engineers to be able to handle sustainability-related problems, their education needs to allow for interplay, mix and diversity; aspects that a problem-oriented and project-based learning approach will involve.

The crisis of contemporary science

Purpose – To present a new approach to scientific thinking (paradigm) that avoids the shortcomings and inconsistencies of the prevailing Newtonian approach.Design/methodology/approach – The signs of a science in crisis are reviewed and some of its shortcomings are compiled and connected to some misleading fundamental assumptions of the reigning paradigm of science. Calls attention to a current fundamental misunderstanding of the human capacity of observation – especially the negligence of the conceptual feedback loops of the human mind that make up the core of human learning capacity.Findings – When using a subject‐oriented approach (SOA) to science, which takes off from the individual knowing the subject (methodological solipsism), it is possible to consistently construct a knower's science where all today's misleading assumptions can be successfully removed. This effort results in an abstract constructivist epistemology, where the reversed cause‐effect chain severely upsets the classically trained mind ...

Die integrative Anamnesetechnik bei inneren Störungen

With the integrated approach to history-taking of the patient the advantages of two different medical systems can be combined: Traditional Chinese medicine's syndrome diagnostics with its precise observations of phenomenological changes in health and disease is combined with the specific subject-oriented approach of modern psychosomatic and anthropological medicine, i.e., mainly of modern German-speaking psychosomatic medicine. The aim of this technique is to establish a true picture of the person's illness in time and place, not the patient's disease. It is the patient who contributes the most valuable information to this picture. This technique embraces certain new questions and a specific sequence of “open” and “closed” questions.

The Subject-oriented Approach to Knowledge and the Role of Human Consciousness

The Subject-oriented Approach to Knowledge and the Role of Human Consciousness