Primary School Subjects Research Articles

Transformation of Teaching through Co-Teaching and Innovative Methods

Abstract Introduction: The integration of digital technologies and virtual co-teaching has become a common practice in education. This was accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic. These innovations play a key role in addressing global challenges and are a response to digital advances to which primary and secondary schools need to adaptively respond. Methods: The study used thematic analysis and a scoping review to investigate the effectiveness of virtual co-teaching in primary and secondary schools, with a focus on new digital technologies and artificial intelligence. Results: The results show that virtual co-teaching supported by the use of artificial intelligence is an effective alternative to traditional teaching methods that increases both the efficiency and flexibility of the learning process. Further research is necessary to show new possibilities and optimize the use of this method in formal education. Discussion: Pupils should be divided into smaller groups, respecting their individual needs, abilities, and speed of learning. Artificial Intelligence assistants should be involved to support teachers and pupils. Limitations: Experiments should be implemented in other subjects in primary and secondary schools. Conclusions: Virtual co-teaching has a strong potential to contribute to future innovations in education, especially when combined with artificial intelligence to enable more personalized learning. It extends the pedagogical space with a virtual component – a virtual teacher or subject matter expert.

PERANCANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN PENGENALAN BENDERA PADA ANAK KELAS 1 SDIT EL FATAH BERBASIS CONSTRUCT 2

This study aims to design and develop a learning application focused on introducing flags to first-grade students at SDIT EL Fatah. The application is designed using the Construct 2 platform, a tool that allows the development of interactive applications without requiring deep programming skills. This application integrates various interactive features that include learning materials, quizzes, user profiles, and usage instructions. The learning materials are presented in engaging and easy-to-understand slides, while the quizzes are designed to test and reinforce students' understanding of the material they have learned. The user profile feature allows students to track their learning progress, and the usage instructions provide clear guidance for navigating the application.The research method used is Research and Development (R&D), which includes steps such as identifying potential and problems, data collection, product design, design validation, design revision, product testing, product revision, and mass production. The results of this study indicate that this flag introduction learning application is effective in increasing students' interest and understanding of historical material. The application also received positive responses from teachers and students, indicating that the use of technology in learning can enhance student interaction and engagement.Therefore, this application is expected to become an innovative and effective learning solution, particularly in the context of primary education in Indonesia. This study also contributes to the development of technology-based learning methods that can be applied to various other subjects in primary schools

БАШТАЛГЫЧ МЕКТЕПТЕ ЖАҢЫ ПРЕДМЕТТИК СТАНДАРТТЫН НЕГИЗИНДЕ МАТЕМАТИКАНЫ ОКУТУУГА СУНУШТАЛГАН МАТЕРИАЛДАР

This article discusses the main goals of teaching mathematics in elementary school, the implementation of learning goals and objectives and subject competencies presented in the standard, the content bands specified in the subject standard of elementary school, the didactic development of scientific mathematical material included in the subject bands of mathematics, taking into account the age characteristics of younger students, the order of educational materials and ideas of mathematics, established in the primary school subject standard, we are talking about methods. The student will have to accurately determine the correct answer to the task among several answers offered in one type of test. To do this, the student must have a certain level of knowledge and skills, such as analysis, comparison and analogy. And in some tests, it is necessary for the child to have a certain level of choosing the appropriate "yes" and "no" answers.

Postgraduate studies qualifying for teaching mathematics as another subject

The idea for the project was inspired by experiences and observations related to postgraduate studies qualifying for teaching mathematics as a second subject (PSQTM). One important goal of the project was a comprehensive analysis of the issues related to postgraduate mathematics teacher education. In the project we wanted to diagnose substantive and didactic competences of teachers taking postgraduate studies qualifying for teaching mathematics as another subject in primary and secondary school.

Development of SESD (Science Education for Sustainable Development) based on Student Worksheet 'Climate Action' Social Science Content to Construct Critical Thinking Skills of Elementary School Students

Global environmental challenges, including climate change, require a strong commitment to realising sustainable development, where education plays a key role in building awareness and skills to address these challenges, with Science Education for Sustainable Development (SESD) being an important approach in integrating sustainable concepts into the curriculum. The purpose of this research is to develop SESD-based Student Worksheets with a focus on the topic of "Climate Action" in science subjects in primary schools, to improve critical thinking skills and support sustainable development goals, particularly in handling climate change to support Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). This research uses the ADDIE model, involving needs analysis through interviews with teachers, design of SESD-based Student Worksheets 'Climate Action' by taking into account the characteristics of learners and the applicable curriculum, and development of Student Worksheets by involving expert validation. The evaluation results showed that the SESD-based Student Worksheets 'Climate Action' succeeded in improving students' critical thinking skills, with an average score of 80%, which was included in the good category, and the validation of Student Worksheets and materials by experts also showed the feasibility of the product to be used in learning. The conclusion of this study is that the development of SESD-based Student Worksheets 'Climate Action' is an important step in strengthening sustainable education and increasing learners' understanding and awareness of environmental issues, with suggestions to improve the effectiveness of SESD-based learning in the future. Keywords: Critical thinking, Worksheet, SESD

Vision of Digital Competences of Primary School Students and Teachers in Bulgaria in Educational Documentation of All School Subjects

The paper presents the second part of a more extensive study on the vision of digital competences of primary school students and teachers in Bulgaria according to the educational documentation. It explores the place and the approaches for developing digital competence in the curricula of all primary school subjects where this competence is integrated as transversal. The necessary competencies for primary school teachers to develop the digital competencies of students are also indicated. The research methods employed in the study are curriculum mapping and comparative analysis of educational documentation. Additionally, more than 70 students’ textbooks and their corresponding methodological guides for primary school teachers are reviewed for further clarification. The results of the study demonstrated a deficient consistency and balance among the curricula regarding the development of digital competence. There seems to be a lack of a shared vision for the digital competencies that students should acquire in primary school, and their development as a separate subject is not aligned with their development in other subjects. Moreover, the results implied a need for conceptualization of the integration of digital competences as transversal in the curricula, referencing appropriately the Digital Competence Framework for Citizens. There is also an emerging necessity to develop specific instructions for teachers on how to integrate the various key competences into the teaching of respective subjects.

Teachers’ Implementation of Communicative Language Teaching Approach in Primary School English Language Classrooms in Tanzania

This study presents findings on how teachers implement the Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) approach which is recommended in the English subject syllabus for primary education in Tanzania. It employed a qualitative approach and phenomenology design to explore the teachers’ experiences in using the CLT approach. Five public schools were selected based on comparably good performance in Primary School Leaving Examinations (PSLE) reviewed for four consecutive years (NECTA, 2013-2016). Data were collected through interviews with subject teachers, head teachers, ward educational officers (WEOs), district education quality assurers (DEQAs), and classroom observations. The study reveals that although teachers could explain the CLT techniques stipulated in the subject syllabus, when observed in classrooms most of the teachers were unable to use the CLT techniques. Some teachers were willing to use the CLT techniques, but large class sizes, teachers’ insufficient language proficiency, and inadequate teaching and learning resources hindered them from effectively implementing the CLT approach. It concludes that the CLT approach was adopted for implementation before sufficient training was provided to teachers who have to implement it. The government should dedicate to annually allocate adequate financial resources for the needed improved teaching and learning environment of the English subject in primary schools in Tanzania.

The Influence of Play Based Learning Project on Learner Performance in Science and Elementary Technology and English Language Subjects

This study investigated the effects of Play-Based Learning (PBL) on student performance in Science and Elementary Technology (SET) and English language subjects at primary schools in Ruhango Sector, Ruhango District. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of play based learning on student performance of SET and English language subjects in Ruhango Sector, specifically the study focused on the effect of play based learning project, perception regarding the teacher’s roles on learner performance of SET and English language and establish the relationship between play-based learning project and learners’ performance of SET and English language subjects in primary school of Ruhango sector. The theories that guided research were Theory of Constraints (TOC) is a process designed to identify and eliminate constraints in organizational processes that hinder the achievement of organizational goals and Social Cognitive Theory is based on his central concept of self-efficacy. This study used a descriptive and correlational research designs. The target population was 150 people including headteachers and teachers. The sample size of was 96 teachers with backgrounds in SET and English language subjects and 12 headtechers. This study used questionnaire as a primary data source. The questionnaire involved written questions to which the teachers were required to write answers individually and interview guides were used to collect information from headteachers. Microsoft Office Excel was used for analyzing the results from the questionnaire and interview. The Pearson Correlation was used to test one hypothesis. The study concluded that Play Based Learning played an importance role in learner performance of Science and Elementary Technology and English language subjects through play-based activities. The research revealed a strong positive correlation between Project-Based Learning (PBL) initiatives and students' academic achievement in English language courses (r=.9650*, p=0.001). Similarly, a significant positive association was observed between Project-Based Learning (PBL) endeavours and learners' performance in Science, Elementary and Technology (SET) subjects (r=.9836*, p=0.001). The study recommends that teachers should regularly monitor content and adjust settings for individual learners. Finally, teachers should apply practices associated with engagement by determining if learner enjoy the game or want to play.

Interdisciplinary Teaching Scenarios on Sustainable Development in Croatia

This paper reflects on the project for the creation of teaching scenarios for the curricular Interdisciplinary Topic of Sustainable Development, which addressed a wide variety of subjects in Croatian primary and secondary schools. The paper intends to provide insight into potentially replicable approaches for the creation of teaching resources in similar contexts. The paper aims to identify (1) the project’s approaches that stimulated interdisciplinary collaboration during the creation of the teaching scenarios, and (2) the project’s approaches that could facilitate the adoption of the teaching scenarios by a wide variety of subject teachers. The approaches are explored through observation and reflection by the author, who was the key expert and development leader for the teaching scenarios. The interdisciplinary creation is found to be stimulated by creating conditions for authors to explore sustainable development with an awareness of their subject’s important role in it while paying attention to team relationships, processes, and results, including in online collaboration spaces. The teaching scenarios are found to be more likely to support a multidisciplinary type of implementation than an interdisciplinary one due to teaching activities mostly being not integrated enough to enable team teaching. This, however, allows more enthusiastic individual teachers to use the activities autonomously. The scenario adoption may be supported by the efficient simultaneous addressing of subject outcomes and sustainable development outcomes, by the adaptability of teaching activities, and by the connection between scenario topics and real life, including the life of the school community and wider communities.

Implementation of Educational Values in PPKn Subjects in Primary Schools

This research was conducted with the aim of finding out and analyzing more deeply the implementation of Character Education in Civics Learning in Elementary Schools. As well as reviewing what efforts and to what extent have been made by teachers and elementary schools in Indonesia to implement character education, especially in Civics learning in elementary schools. This research uses the Literature Review method by searching for research results from several journals that are relevant to the problem being studied, such as from the indexers Google Scholar, Sinta, Basicedu, Hafeccs and so on. The results of this research show that a person's character, which forms their personality, is formed through genetic and environmental influences. This character is reflected in daily attitudes and behavior, moral feelings and application in everyday life.

Vision of Digital Competences of Primary School Students and Teachers in Bulgaria in Educational Documentation of the Subject “Computer Modelling”

This paper is the first part of a larger study on the vision of digital competences of primary school students and teachers in Bulgaria in the educational documentation. It attempts to explore the place and the approaches for developing digital competencies in the educational documentation concerning the Bulgarian primary school subject “Computer Modelling” (CM) and to define the necessary competencies for primary school teachers to develop the digital competencies of students within this subject. The primary research methods employed in the study are curriculum mapping, document analysis and comparative analysis of educational documentation as well as textbooks and methodological guides for primary school teachers. The results of the study demonstrate that the curricula predominantly focus on the development of programming skills, occasionally at the expense of other areas of digital competence. It raises the need to reconsider the CM curriculum to ensure a more balanced emphasis on different competence areas, which could also be achieved through their integration into other school subjects. The importance of the professional competence of the teachers for successful development of students’ digital competencies is also highlighted in the paper. Some concerns regarding the efficacy of teaching the CM subject are raised accordingly. The emerging need for an in-depth empirical study of the factual state of the digital competences of teachers and students is indicated.

Student Attitude and Behaviour in The Implementation of Dual Language Programme for Science Subjects in Primary Schools

Student Attitude and Behaviour in The Implementation of Dual Language Programme for Science Subjects in Primary Schools

Knowledge-Building in Classroom: A Multimodal Semantic Wave Model

The generation of meaning in discourse is regarded as the process of knowledge-building, which can be analyzed by semantic waves. Combining the deep learning systems and polynomial fitting method, we present a method to compute multimodal semantic waves. With this method, four representative examples are discussed for the knowledge-building of Chinese, English, Mathematics and Science subjects in Chinese primary schools. From the multimodal semantic waves of these subjects, we can clearly observe the differences between the processes of knowledge-building. Besides, it is advantageous for the proposed method that the value of multimodal semantic waves at any given future time can be predicted by an nth-order polynomial, which may help to study practical classroom discourse.

Preparation of future teachers for the use of personality-developing educational technologies when teaching humanities subjects in primary school

Relevance. Personality-developing learning technologies are vital for the effective development of each child, considering their preferences, skills, and character traits. Purpose. To investigate the features of training final-year students to use personality-developing educational technologies for teaching humanities subjects in primary schools. Methodology. The study employed questionnaires, expert assessment, modelling, pedagogical experiments, and mathematical statistics. Results. Future teachers demonstrated a sufficient knowledge level of personality-developing educational technologies but needed more practical classes. A course was developed, comprising 30 sessions: 10 theoretical classes, 10 group study sessions, and 15 practical classes at schools under teacher supervision. A follow-up survey showed the course positively impacted students' attitudes and confidence. Conclusions. The study found that final-year students possess adequate theoretical knowledge of personality-developing educational technologies but require more practical application opportunities. The developed course effectively improved students' confidence and attitudes towards using these technologies in their teaching practice. Keywords: personal qualities; pedagogical practice; approaches to learning; professional skills of a teacher

PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN FLASHCARD DALAM MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN BAHASA INDONESIA SISWA

Indonesian language is one of the subjects in primary school, in this subject students are taught how to write, compose, read properly and accurately. In Karang Indah Village, the local language or Sundanese is more dominant than Indonesian. Indonesian language skills can be said to be low due to environmental factors. The author's goal in carrying out this activity is to empower the community, of course the students who are the target of this activity. Students are introduced to interactive learning media to improve Indonesian language skills. The method used in the implementation of the service is community education in the form of socialisation to students about Indonesian language, the importance of speaking Indonesian well, and how to write well. The learning media used is flashcard learning media to support students' Indonesian language skills at SDN Karang Indah 01. The results of learning activities using flashcard learning media greatly affect students' interest in learning and can improve students' skills in Indonesian. The introduction of interesting learning media makes students feel less bored in learning.

Pierina Borangas Überlegungen zum Natur-Kind-Verhältnis

Abstract Pierina Boranga’s Considerations on the Nature-Child-Relationship Pierina Boranga has spent her entire working life teaching natural science subjects in primary schools. She has, however, not been awarded the level of recognition, she actually should have been given and, instead, has found her place in the shadow of others. Taking a look at her diary entries reveals the level of intensive, independent intellectual efforts she has made during her early teaching period, in order to provide children with a sustainable understanding of how to deal with subjects in the field of natural science.

Kesediaan Guru Sejarah Sekolah Rendah dalam Mengaplikasikan Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi dalam Mata Pelajaran Sejarah

Higher-level thinking skills (HTS) is a transformation in the education system in Malaysia in this century in line with the implementation of the Malaysian Education Development Plan (PPPM) 2013-2025. The teaching practice that applies KBAT has gone beyond the entire concept of subject content by focusing on several theories of KBAT, particularly Bloom's and Lorin Anderoson's taxonomy. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify teachers' readiness from the aspects of knowledge, skills and attitudes in applying Higher Level Thinking Skills (HOTS) for History subjects in primary schools. This survey study with a quantitative approach involved a total of 100 teachers in Bangsar district, Kuala Lumpur. The researcher used a questionnaire instrument and a 5-point likert scale in this study. The data information obtained was analyzed using Statistical for Social Science version 26.0. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean score and standard system). The findings of the study reported that the level of readiness of primary school teachers to apply KBAT in the subject of History exceeded the medium-high level. The mean score for each aspect evaluated is knowledge (mean = 4.12), skills (mean = 3.94) and attitude (mean = 3.97). This means that teachers have a high potential in applying KBAT in History subjects if their talent is successfully polished from the early stages of their studies, which is at the college of teachers. The results of this study can be used as a guide by all primary school teachers in applying KBAT in the teaching of History. In addition, it also emphasizes the importance of continuous professional development and institutional support in strengthening teachers' skills in integrating KBAT in the teaching of History.

Pupils’ Attitude and English Performance in Primary Schools in Lwengo Sub-County, Lwengo District

This study aimed to examine the relationship between pupils' performance in English and their attitudes toward the subject in primary schools. The study had two main objectives: to identify the factors that influence English performance in Lwengo subcounty and to assess the level of pupils' attitudes towards English in the same subcounty. A descriptive survey research design was used, with a study population of 170 respondents and a sample size of 133 participants. The findings revealed that factors such as instructional materials, government policies, and teacher-related factors played a significant role in English performance. Additionally, the study found that positive attitudes towards English were associated with higher levels of performance. The government should prioritize the training of more teachers to accommodate the growing number of students in English classes. District education officers and school administrators should also arrange workshops and refresher courses to enhance teachers' skills in teaching the English language. Furthermore, the government should consider improving teachers' remuneration to ensure sufficient numbers of full-time teachers. Regular school inspections should be conducted to monitor teacher and student attendance. Finally, the school administration should organize debates, seminars, and presentations to enhance the communication skills and competencies of both students and teachers. Keywords: English language, government, absenteeism, pupils

XÂY DỰNG CÔNG CỤ ĐÁNH GIÁ NĂNG LỰC KHOA HỌC CỦA HỌC SINH TRONG DẠY HỌC CHỦ ĐỀ “TRÁI ĐẤT VÀ BẦU TRỜI” MÔN TỰ NHIÊN VÀ XÃ HỘI LỚP 3

The article is based on assessment theory, mainly the theory of Robert Glaser, proposing the process of capacity assessment, designing a scientific competency framework in teaching Nature and Society subjects in primary school, which includes 10 criteria, and each criterion consists of 3 levels. From analyzing the requirements of the topic “Earth and Sky” in the subject of Nature and Society, the research has proposed 6 principles, thereby building a 5-step process to design a set of assessment tools. The assessment, based on student achievement requirements, includes 30 questions and exercises, 10 checklists, 2 rating scales, 3 evaluation sheets according to criteria, and learning record samples. The toolkit, after testing on 34 primary school teachers, has been standardized and developed guidelines for use in assessing students in primary schools.

Literatur Review: Analisis Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran dalam Mata Pelajaran IPA Materi Pesawat Sederhana pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar

One of the primary school subjects that is compulsory for students to study is Natural Sciences (IPA). In conducting the learning process a teacher needs to prepare models and methods as well as what media is chosen to help the teacher deliver the material. So that students can receive the material well and work the matter properly and improve the student's learning outcomes from before learning to after learning. This research is to find out what models and media can be applied in IPA learning on simple aircraft material. This article is written using the research method of a library review. This research includes the study of libraries to gather information and analyze literature. Of the eight articles scanned with one or two using similar learning models and other learning media showed positive results for students and teachers. Improved student learning about simple aircraft material became better. Some models and learning media on simple aircraft material are a reference to teachers in implementing the IPA learning process well and achieving the entire learning plan.