Choice Of Topics Research Articles

Relevance of Rapport Management in Marital Conflicts: Issues from Covid-19 Pandemic Lockdown

The total lockdown in Nigeria during the second quarter of year 2020, which emanated as a strategy to control the pandemic caused by the Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) generated diverse cases of marital conflicts that necessitate close examination. In this connection, the aim of this research is to investigate the rapport strategies involved in the marital conflicts depicted in a widely shared video skit on some WhatsApp platforms during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in Nigeria, with the objective to project rapport orientations and relational skills for managing marital relationships. The linguistic approach adopted for this research is Spencer-Oatey's (2008 and 2011) [13, 14] Rapport Management, which pertains to the sub-field of Pragmatics. Rapport management perspective is viable for analyzing marital conflicts, particularly being that language is pivotal in both the construction and destruction of social relationships. Rapport management basically includes politeness/impoliteness dimensions, face sensitivities, sociality rights and obligations, as well as interactional goals. The methodology for this research is qualitative and its paradigm is interpretive. The research findings reveal that all levels of language and domains such as speech acts, topic choice, topic organization, turn-taking rights, choice of tone, use of address terms and honorifics, gestures, eye contact, proxemics and other body movements need to be properly managed because they could affect rapport between interlocutors either positively or negatively, such that marital relationships could either be enhanced, maintained or threatened.

Widespread analytical pitfalls in empirical coexistence studies and a checklist for improving their statistical robustness

Abstract Modern coexistence theory (MCT) offers a conceptually straightforward approach for connecting empirical observations with an elegant theoretical framework, gaining popularity rapidly over the past decade. However, beneath this surface‐level simplicity lie various assumptions and subjective choices made during data analysis. These can lead researchers to draw qualitatively different conclusions from the same set of experiments. As the predictions of MCT studies are often treated as outcomes, and many readers and reviewers may not be familiar with the framework's assumptions, there is a particular risk of ‘researcher degrees of freedom’ inflating the confidence in results, thereby affecting reproducibility and predictive power. To tackle these concerns, we introduce a checklist consisting of statistical best practices to promote more robust empirical applications of MCT. Our recommendations are organised into four categories: presentation and sharing of raw data, testing model assumptions and fits, managing uncertainty associated with model coefficients and incorporating this uncertainty into coexistence predictions. We surveyed empirical MCT studies published over the past 15 years and discovered a high degree of variation in the level of statistical rigour and adherence to best practices. We present case studies to illustrate the dependence of results on seemingly innocuous choices among competition model structure and error distributions, which in some cases reversed the predicted coexistence outcomes. These results demonstrate how different analytical approaches can profoundly alter the interpretation of experimental results, underscoring the importance of carefully considering and thoroughly justifying each step taken in the analysis pathway. Our checklist serves as a resource for authors and reviewers alike, providing guidance to strengthen the empirical foundation of empirical coexistence analyses. As the field of empirical MCT shifts from a descriptive, trailblazing phase to a stage of consolidation, we emphasise the need for caution when building upon the findings of earlier studies. To ensure that progress made in the field of ecological coexistence is based on robust and reliable evidence, it is crucial to subject our predictions, conclusions and generalisability to a more rigorous assessment than is currently the trend.

Prenatal Predictors for Pulmonary Balloon Valvuloplasty in the Newborn.

Pulmonary balloon valvuloplasty (PBV) is the treatment of choice for subjects with isolated pulmonary valve stenosis (IPS). The purpose of this study was to define fetal echocardiographic features associated with an inpatient PBV prior to newborn hospital discharge and characterize resource utilization of IPS fetuses among participating centers. Six center, retrospective case series of singleton fetuses identified between 2010 and 2020 with IPS. Third-trimester echocardiogram data was compared with postnatal data, included pulmonary valve Doppler velocities, pulmonary valve insufficiency and ductus arteriosus flow direction. Comparison between subjects who underwent inpatient PBV during their newborn hospital admission versus those infants referred for outpatient PBV after initial hospital discharge. We analyzed data by logistic regression, student t test and Chi-Square testing with a p value of ≤ 0.05 considered statistically significant. Forty-nine IPS fetuses were identified. Thirty-eight (78%) underwent inpatient PBV at 5 (range 1-58) days and 11 (22%) underwent outpatient PBV at 51.8 (11-174) days. Newborns requiring an inpatient PBV were more likely to have one or more characteristics on 3rd-trimester fetal echocardiogram: left to right or bidirectional ductus arteriosus flow (61% vs 0%), and/or a peak pulmonary valve velocity > 3.0m/s (odds ratio 16.9, 95% confidence interval 3.02-94.17) with a sensitivity of 90.4% and specificity of 97.7%. Ductus arteriosus flow direction and pulmonary valve peak velocity in the 3rd trimester can successfully predict the need for newborn inpatient PBV. We speculate these findings may be useful in choosing delivery site for the pregnancy complicated by fetal IPS.

Underexplored Dimensions of Uncertainty and Risk in Human Development Policy Call for a New Paradigm

The human development paradigm like many other development policy domains, old and new, is being challenged by a fundamentally new context that has been described by many as a VUCA world meaning Volatile, Uncertain, Complex, and Ambiguous. These factors are of course not independent of each other, but interactive, thus making for a very difficult environment in which public policy must be made. The Human Development Report (HDR) made a wise and topical choice therefore in selecting uncertain unsettled lives as the theme for the 2021–2022 report. This paper first identifies some of the strengths of the current human development policy analysis but then proceeds to outline multiple concrete, though novel, ways of addressing the challenges of uncertain times and unsettled lives. These include the need for unpackaging the concept of uncertainty, highlighting both differences and linkages between risk and uncertainty, and further implications for policymaking. In addition, we discuss new and promising ways of thinking about uncertainty in policy issues around human development including complexity theory and complex adaptive systems thinking as well as quantum-like frameworks. Finally, we discuss applied spirituality which, in our opinion, can be of great value in engaging with unsettled lives. Ours is an attempt to call for a future paradigm in policy thinking, and social and human sciences as a whole.

Pursuing Scholarship: Creating Effective Conference Submissions.

Medical educators are expected to disseminate peer-reviewed scholarly work for academic promotion and tenure. However, developing submissions for presentations at national meetings can be confusing and sometimes overwhelming. Awareness and use of some best practices can demystify the process and maximize opportunities for acceptance for a variety of potential submission categories. This article outlines logistical steps and best practices for each stage of the conference submission process that faculty should consider when preparing submissions. These include topic choice, team composition, consideration of different submission types, and strategies for effectively engaging participants.

간호대학생의 진로선택유형에 따른 문제해결능력과 임상수행능력 차이 분석

Objectives This study examined nursing students' Patterns of Career Choice and investigated the difference of problem solving ability and clinical performance ability according to the patterns.
 Methods The subjects of this study were 195 nursing students in third and fourth grades located in J province, and data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. To analyse the data, Cronbach's α, t-test, ANOVA, χ2-test, Scheffé test were used with an SPSS 20.0 program.
 Results The patterns of career choice of subjects showed ‘stable pattern'(34.9%), ‘conventional pattern'(30.3%), ‘unstable pattern'(25.1%) and ‘multiple trial pattern'(9.7%). Mean score of subjects was 3.31 problem solving abil-ity score and 3.57 clinical performance ability score. Problem solving ability and clinical performance ability showed a significant difference in patterns of career choice. Problem solving ability showed a significant difference in ap-plication motivation and satisfaction with nursing as a major. Clinical performance ability showed a significant dif-ference in gender and satisfaction with nursing as a major.
 Conclusions As a result of this study, those with stable career choices and high major satisfaction also showed better problem-solving and clinical skills. This highlights the importance of strengthening the high school-uni-versity link for early career exploration based on students' interests and providing tailored educational programs to enhance satisfaction with major among nursing students.

Correlates gender traits and mindset on the choice of physics subject at high school in Kenya

<span lang="EN-US">Higher education and training in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) are important for the industrial growth and development of any nation. Physics subject provides the basics for training in many STEM areas. However, failure to pursue physics to the end of high school denies learners opportunities in STEM courses. This research employed a correlational design and survey method to examine the relationship of gender traits (GT) and mindset (MS) with learners’ intention to choose physics among 378 high school students randomly sampled. The study adopted the gender traits test and mindset questionnaires. The Chi-square test for the relationship of GT and MS with the intention to choose a physics subject yielded p>0.05. These results revealed that no student is deprived of an opportunity to pursue physics to higher levels on account of their GT or MS. Thus, attempts to increase the number of learners who can potentially pursue STEM courses by studying physics in high school should focus on other known factors other than GT and MS.</span>

교육과정 운영 실태 분석을 통한 학습자 중심의 고교학점제 정책 효과성 진단

Objectives This study aimed to diagnose the policy effects of the high school credit system by verifying whether ‘students’ choice of subjects' is practically guaranteed through research on the high school credit system and analysis of the curriculum organization and operation of research and leading schools.
 Methods To this end, the contents of the high school credit system operation cases of research and leading schools designated by the Ministry of Education, as well as reports, plans, and research data of the Ministry of Education and related research institutes were analyzed. Among them, the number of school-designated courses and elective courses by year were compared and analyzed, focusing on the curriculum completion unit organ-ization table of schools that have continuously operated high school credit system research and leading schools for more than 3 years.
 Results Through the research on the high school credit system and the analysis of the curriculum organization and operation of research and leading schools, it was confirmed that ‘students’ choice of subjects' in the organization of the high school curriculum has been expanded. This means that the school operates a variety of curricula.
 Conclusions Through this study, it was confirmed that the high school credit system has expanded students' choice of subjects, and through this, various educational courses are operated. Therefore, in order to establish a high school credit system that guarantees students' right to choose subjects, it is necessary to provide policy sup-port to enhance teachers' competencies for the operation of the high school credit system.

An Individual Prosthesis Control Method with Human Subjective Choices.

An intelligent lower-limb prosthesis can provide walking support and convenience for lower-limb amputees. Trajectory planning of prosthesis joints plays an important role in the intelligent prosthetic control system, which directly determines the performance and helps improve comfort when wearing the prosthesis. Due to the differences in physiology and walking habits, humans have their own walking mode that requires the prosthesis to consider the individual's demands when planning the prosthesis joint trajectories. The human is an integral part of the control loop, whose subjective feeling is important feedback information, as humans can evaluate many indicators that are difficult to quantify and model. In this study, trajectories were built using the phase variable method by normalizing the gait curve to a unified range. The deviations between the optimal trajectory and current were represented using Fourier series expansion. A gait dataset that contains multi-subject kinematics data is used in the experiments to prove the feasibility and effectiveness of this method. In the experiments, we optimized the subjects' gait trajectories from an average to an individual gait trajectory. By using the individual trajectory planning algorithm, the average gait trajectory can be effectively optimized into a personalized trajectory, which is beneficial for improving walking comfort and safety and bringing the prosthesis closer to intelligence.

Efficacy and safety results of FGFR1-3 inhibitor, tinengotinib, as monotherapy in patients with advanced, metastatic cholangiocarcinoma: Results from phase II clinical trial.

434 Background: Tinengotinib is a spectrum-selective multi-kinase inhibitor with unique binding properties to FGFR, potently inhibited FGFR2 fusion/rearrangement and acquired resistant mutations in pre-clinical models and in phase I trials that included cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) patients (pts). Here we present the efficacy and safety of tinengotinib in a phase II clinical trial. Methods: Eligible pts with advanced/metastatic CCA who had received ≥ 1 prior systemic chemotherapy therapy and ECOG PS 0 or 1 were treated with tinengotinib 10 mg QD. Four cohorts included: Cohort A1: FGFR2 fusion(s) with primary progression on previous FGFR inhibitor ( FGFRi), A2: FGFR2 fusion(s) with progression after prior response to FGFRi (acquired resistance); B: non-fusion FGFR alteration(s): C: FGFR wild-type ( FGFRwt). Primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) per RECIST v1.1. CTCAE V5.0 was used for safety assessments. Results: As of 7Aug2023, 48 pts with CCA were enrolled, 13 in Cohort A1, 10 in A2, 12 in B, 13 in C. Median age 61.5 [range 25-81] years old, 41.7% male, 58.3% had ≥ 3 lines of prior therapy. ECOG PS 0 in 47.9% pts. Among 35 pts with FGFR alterations, 80.0% had ≥ 1 prior FGFRi therapy, and 97.1% had prior chemotherapy. Forty (40) pts were efficacy evaluable. In A1, 1 out of 11 pts (9.1%) achieved PR with tumor reduction of 31.8%. In A2, 3 out of 8 pts (37.5%) achieved PR with tumor reduction of 40.7%, 47.0% and 54.6%. In B, 3 out of 9 pts (33.3%) achieved PR with tumor reduction of 36.5%, 48.6%, and 60.6%. No PR was observed in C. Overall DCR was 94.7% (18/19) in FGFR2 fusion/rearrangement pts (A1+A2), 88.9% (8/9) in other FGFR alterations pts (B), and 75% (9/12) in FGFRwt pts (C). Median progression-free survival (mPFS) was 5.26 months (95%CI, 2.86-9.10) in A1+A2, 5.98 months (95%CI, 1.87-NA) in B and 3.84 months (95% CI, 1.84-4.80) in C. Among 48 treated pts, treatment-related AEs (TRAEs) occurred in 45 (93.8%) pts, 14 (29.2%) in G1-2, 29 (60.4%) in G3 and 2 (4.2%) in G4. The most common G3 TRAEs were hypertension in 12 (25%), palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome in 3 (6.3%), diarrhea in 3 (6.3%) and stomatitis in 3 (6.3%). One subject had G4 increased TSH and G4 increased lipase, and another subject had G4 posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. No G5 TRAE was observed. Conclusions: Tinengotinib has promising clinical benefit for FGFR2 fusion CCA after prior FGFRi and for non-fusion FGFR alterations. Tinengotinib-related toxicities were manageable. An ongoing randomized, controlled phase III study will evaluate the clinical efficacy, safety, and pharmacodynamic effect of Tinengotinib vs Physicians’ choice in subjects with FGFR2-altered refractory/relapsed CCA after prior chemotherapy and FGFRi therapy. Clinical trial information: NCT04919642 .

First-308: Phase III study of tinengotinib versus physician's choice in patients with FGFR-altered, chemotherapy- and FGFR inhibitor–refractory/relapsed cholangiocarcinoma.

TPS575 Background: Fibroblast growth factor (FGFR) alterations occur in 10-15% of adult patients with advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and 1-2% of adult patients with advanced extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. The first generation FGFR inhibitors (FGFRi) pemigatinib and futibatinib, have been approved for the treatment of advanced CCA with FGFR2 fusions or rearrangements after systemic chemotherapy. However, disease progression occurs within 6-9 months. Secondary polyclonal mutations in the FGFR kinase domain represent a prominent acquired resistance mechanism. Tinengotinib, a novel multi-kinase inhibitor with high potency against a variety of FGFR2 kinase domain mutations, has shown promising clinical benefit in subjects with FGFR-altered metastatic CCA who were heavily pretreated with chemotherapy and FGFRi(s) in phase I/II clinical trials. (NCT03654547, NCT04742959, NCT04919642). Methods: FIRST-308 is a phase III, randomized, global multicenter study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral tinengotinib versus Physician’s Choice in subjects with FGFR-altered, chemotherapy- and FGFRi-refractory/relapsed CCA. Approximately 200 subjects will be enrolled in US, Europe, and Asia. Key eligibility criteria include age ≥ 18 years, ECOG performance status 0 or 1, documentation of FGFR2 fusion/rearrangement gene status, prior treatment with at least one line of chemotherapy and exactly one prior FDA-approved FGFRi for unresectable or metastatic disease. The study includes Part A and Part B. The Part A is to select a dose for Part B. Eligible subjects will be randomized in a 2:2:1 ratio to receive tinengotinib 8 mg QD, tinengotinib 10 mg QD or Physician's Choice (FOLFOX or FOLFIRI) in Part A or 2:1 in Part B to receive the recommended Part B dose or Physician's Choice. The stratification factors at randomization include geographic region, prior lines of chemotherapy (1 or ≥ 2) and Physician’s choice. Tinengotinib will be administered orally QD in 28-day cycles. Subjects will continue to receive study treatment until confirmed disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, withdrawal of consent, or termination of study by Sponsor, whichever occurs first. For Part A, the primary endpoint is safety/tolerability; secondary endpoints include objective response rate (ORR), duration of response (DOR) and PK analysis. For Part B, the primary endpoint is progression-free survival (PFS); secondary endpoints include overall survival (OS), ORR, DOR, safety, quality of life and population PK. Exploratory endpoints will assess the correlations between baseline FGFR2 alterations by cfDNA and efficacy, and exposure-response in terms of efficacy and safety. Study is open for enrollment. Clinical trial information: NCT05948475 .

The role of users in the organization of digital information: A Portuguese experience in an academic museum and archive setting

With the evolution of digital platforms, ordinary users have gained the opportunity to participate in the organization of digital knowledge. This has given rise to folksonomies or social indexing, and the duty of information services to integrate user participation in the organization of their digital collections, and thus incorporate folksonomies in their information organization practices. This article presents a case study of the involvement of users of an academic museum and archive in the indexing of a set of resources within a project on digital preservation. The main objective of this study was to analyse the labels or tags suggested by a group of six students from several scientific areas who participated in the experience, and explain the criteria they used to choose and assign the terms to represent the content of the documents. The responses were categorized based on content analysis. The labels assigned by the students were also compared with the indexing terms used by information professionals. Although the students were not familiar with the methods of information professionals, they gained enough sensitivity to understand the need for term validation and recognize that term selection is a subjective choice.

Use of subcutaneous cardioverter-defibrillator. First cases reported from National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez-Mexico.

The transvenous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) is the treatment of choice for the prevention of sudden cardiac death (SCD). Its use could be restricted when device-related infections occurs or in the pediatric population. In the later, an ICD represents a challenge, due to the minimal dimensions of the venous system in children, the length of the electrodes, the size of the generator, as well as the anatomical complexity in cases with associated congenital heart disease. This article presents the first Mexican patients with a subcutaneous ICD (SC-ICD) implant as a therapy for the prevention of SCD. The first four cases were implanted at the Ignacio Chávez National Institute of Cardiology with a SC-ICD (Emblem, Boston Scientific, USA), three of them were pediatric patients, including the first implant of this type of device in a pediatric patient in Latin America. The 3-incision and 2-incision techniques were used under general anesthesia. A successful implantation was obtained with the 3-incision technique in the first 2 cases and the last 2 with the 2-incision technique. Proper functioning of the device was corroborated in the operating room with proof of appropriate therapy (65 J) for ventricular fibrillation induced with 50 Hz stimulation. No immediate complications were observed. One patient had appropriate shocks two months after the implant. During follow-up, one child developed skin erosion at the level of the curve of the electrode on the sternum, with no signs of infection. In the operating room, the damaged skin was resected, the barrel and the fixation silk were removed, surgical lavage was performed, and the skin was closed again, thus avoiding removal of the system. The SC-ICD is an alternative therapy to the transvenous ICD. It can be considered first choice in subjects who do not require ventricular pacing, including pediatric patients. Skin complications can occur but do not pose a threat as venous complications of conventional ICDs.

Verb-Governor Based Comparative Analysis on the Move Structure of Abstracts in Six English Varieties

This study compares the move structure of abstracts in six English varieties based on verb-governors to explore their similarities and differences. In this study, we use English abstracts in journals published in six official languages of the United Nations as material, and follow the five-move model which is put forward by Santos in 1996 for move analysis. We found that the six English varieties have a general move structure: 1) All of the six varieties are composed of five moves and there is no move omission. 2) Research method usually occupies the largest proportion. 3) Research purpose usually occupies the smallest proportion. But there are also differences in the proportion of moves among the varieties, which may be influenced by the cultural background of L1, the subjective choice of the author, or the requirements of the journal publisher.

Analytical Chemistry is like the Fruit of an Apple Tree

Analytical chemistry is deeply rooted in Europe. It started with the work of Liebig and Fresenius, among others. Then Kirchhoff, as father of spectroscopy, contributed to the development of the modern instrumental analysis techniques flourishing today. As soon as I started learning analytical chemistry at university, I fell in love with it. At that time, I could not explain why I wanted to become an analytical chemist. Having gained experience teaching and performing research in analytical chemistry, I know now that I am attracted to it because this branch of chemistry is what an apple means to an apple tree - the fruit of a myriad of results in fundamental research in chemistry, always offering solutions to real life problems. I always wanted to become an analyst and to work at the analytical chemistry department where I studied. One year ago, my life drastically changed at the institute when I was invited to apply to lead the analytical chemistry department where I have been working since 2007. I must admit that I had mixed feelings in the beginning. First of all, I was honored that my colleagues in the department fully expressed their support. At the same time, I was confused and scared. I felt that I am not the right person to lead a department with a history of almost 120 years, that I had no clear vision of what could I do for my colleagues and for the students choosing our department. However, I wanted to express my gratitude to my colleagues for their trust in me. In my application, I advocated to maintain the high-quality teaching of analytical chemistry at the department and offered to implement challenge-based learning for students choosing our department. In past years, I felt that the raison d'être of analytical chemistry departments as single entities would soon end. My colleagues working in other fields such as biology, geography and geology, pharmacy and medicine, all purchased instrumental analytical equipment and started performing research by themselves. Recently, analytical chemistry departments underwent important organizational and structural changes. Some of them disappeared, others incorporated into their name environmental chemistry, food chemistry, or biochemistry. Recent advances in instrumental analysis create the impression that conducting chemical analysis is an easy task that no longer requires the expertise of chemists devoted to this branch of chemistry. However, there is still a lot of work to do, especially in the field of organic analytical chemistry. Thanks to innovations in mass spectrometry and related techniques, infrared spectroscopy, miniaturization (lab-on-chips) and sensors, ultra trace analysis, green methodologies, and elemental speciation, analytical chemistry is experiencing a second Golden Era. In last year alone, I was surprised by the ever-increasing number of chemistry bachelor and major students knocking on my door asking me to provide them with analytical chemistry-related research topics. That led me to contact faculty working at the other institutes offering cooperation with the arsenal of our instruments to widen the research topic choices in our department, advocating that we should unite and complement our efforts to create synergies. Surprisingly, the response of those colleagues was very positive. In one year, I could almost double the number of research topics for diploma work in our department. This is something that makes me happy and optimistic. I am confident that the development of analytical methods together with proper sampling and sample preparation are still important and crucial steps to produce high quality and reliable results. Moreover, participation of analytical chemists in these tasks is indispensable. The recent success of the Brazilian Journal of Analytical Chemistry achieving an impact factor of 0.7 makes me also think that analytical method development has still a bright future ahead. Long live Analytical Chemistry! Long live Brazilian Journal of Analytical Chemistry!

The Ancient Greek Utopia of C. A. Ehrensvärd’s Drawings of His Life

The late-eighteenth-century Swedish intellectual C. A. Ehrensvärd visualised his life and relationships in drawings that often represent their modern protagonists as ideal figures from classical art. In his literary works Ehrensvärd argued that ancient Greeks had led their lives in accordance with human nature and had thereby acquired objectively true taste as displayed in their art. In the drawings discussed in this article Ehrensvärd reveals the discrepancy between his vision of the perfect, masculine, virtuous Greeks, and the allegedly corrupt, feminised Northern Europe of his own time. This conflict is often represented humorously, making use of the abundant iconographic layers of classical art, which could load an image with misogynistic, comic, or heroic overtones. These allusions were expected to be recognised and appreciated by the drawings’ intended audience, Ehrensvärd’s friends, such as the sculptor J. T. Sergel. Ehrensvärd’s view of the empirical truth of human nature, embodied in ancient art, left little room for artistic individuality and subjective choice. Yet, by appropriating the authority of the classical nude, Ehrensvärd could portray himself as an individual in defence of real human potential, as opposed to its modern travesty.

Effect of different palatal expanders with miniscrews in surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion: A non-linear finite element analysis.

Surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion (SARPE) has been the treatment of choice in subjects presenting skeletally mature sutures. The purpose of this study was to analyze stress distribution and displacement of the craniofacial and dentoalveolar structures resulting from three types of palatal expanders with surgical assistance using a non-linear finite element analysis. Three different palatal expanders were designed: Model-I (tooth-bone-borne type containing four miniscrews), Model-II (tooth-bone-borne type containing two miniscrews), and Model-III (bone-borne type containing four miniscrews). A Le Fort I osteotomy was performed, and a total of 5.0 mm palatal expansion was simulated. Nonlinear analysis (three theory) method (geometric nonlinear theory, nonlinear contact theory, and nonlinear material methods) was used to evaluate stress and displacement of several craniofacial and dentoalveolar structures. Regardless of the maxillary expander device type, surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion produces greater anterior maxillary expansion than posterior (ANS ranged from 2.675 mm to 3.444 mm, and PNS ranged from 0.522 mm to 1.721 mm); Model-I showed more parallel midpalatal suture opening pattern - PNS/ANS equal to 54%. In regards to ANS, Model-II (1.159 mm) and Model-III (1.000 mm) presented larger downward displacement than Model-I (0.343 mm). PNS displaced anteriorly more than ANS for all devices; Model-III presented the largest amount of forward displacement for PNS (1.147 mm) and ANS (1.064 mm). All three type of expanders showed similar dental displacement, and minimal craniofacial sutures separation. As expected, different maxillary expander designs produce different primary areas and levels of stresses (the bone-borne expander presented minimal stress at the teeth and the tooth-bone-borne expander with two miniscrews presented the highest). Based on this finite element method/finite element analysis, the results showed that different maxillary expander designs produce different primary areas and levels of stresses, minimal displacement of the craniofacial sutures, and different skeletal V-shape expansion.

Академик АН СССР А. Н. Ефимов: истоки интеллектуальной биографии

Anatoly Efimov, a Soviet academician, exerted a significant influence on the theory, methodo­logy, and practice of long-term planning and forecasting for the national economy during his leadership at the Research Institute of Economics under the State Planning Commission of the USSR in Moscow. However, his foundational years as a scholar and organizer unfolded in Sverdlovsk. This article seeks to explore the early stages of his intellectual journey. Methodologically, the study employs the intellectual history approach, intertwining the history of ideas with an analysis of contextual factors that shaped the emergence, institutionalization, and development of specific viewpoints. The research relies on Efimov’s publications and archival materials from the library of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The article suggests that the backgrounds of scholars shape the creation and development of important theories or concepts. Efimov’s va­ried roles as an economist, including his work in the cooperative movement and industrial production, coupled with his positions as a teacher at the Ural Industrial Institute and the head of the Department of Economics, impacted the organization of his research, choice of topics, and the validity of his conclusions. Particularly noteworthy is Efimov’s practical orientation and steadfast connection with production.

Мотивы выбора профессии служебно-оперативной и военной направленности у выпускников школ

The article considers the study of motives of upper secondary education students for their professional identity. The article provides the rationale for studying main motives behind the appropriate choice of a profession by senior students. The empirical enquiry has revealed that the graduates choosing the professions dealing with performing operational tasks the main motives for choosing the profession, though not typical for most students, are “dynastic choice”, “situated and pragmatic choice”, and “free choice”. It has been found that among the students who have made their choice in favor of military professions and those who haven’t there is almost equal number of graduates with a middle level of professional military motivation. The study has found the correlation between the following motives for profession choice: “parental influence”, “dynastic choice”, “free choice”, “subject choice”, “television factor”, and the level of professional military motivation. The results of the study help to identify further steps in helping students make a meaningful choice of a profession.

Exploring Factors Influencing Student Disciplinary Challenges in TVET Colleges: An Investigation Study

The department of education in 2006 developed the new outcomes-based curriculum of the National (NCV) to be implemented in 2007. It was aimed at addressing shortcomings of quality and relevance in the college curriculum. The purpose of this article was exploring factors influencing student disciplinary challenges such as absenteeism and dropping out in the Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) College with National Certificate Vocational (NCV) programme. The NCV primarily targets post Grade 9 school leavers and also Grade 10, 11 and 12, and although these students are not at the same knowledge level, they are placed in one Level 2 class. A qualitative research approach was chosen, employing a research method which included focus-group interviews for students, semi-structured (face to face) interviews with NCV lecturers. Population comprised of 43 NCV lecturing staff and 353 NCV students in all six campuses from Level 2, 3 and 4. The investigation focused on three lecturing staff and 12 students in the NCV programme who were purposefully sampled to participate in the study. This investigation revealed that students’ behaviour can be attributed to the curriculum demands, lack of resources such as textbooks, and stationery, shortage of lecturers, inadequately trained lecturers, and students who are not fully matured and not committed. A recommendation was made that the entry requirement for NCV Level 2 should be changed from post Grade 9 to Grade 10 graduates, after a subject choice has been made in school. The study is underpinned by curriculum theory, which says curriculum is an academic discipline devoted to examining and shaping educational curricula.