Subject Areas Research Articles

Approach to automating the construction and completion of ontologies in a scientific subject field

Domain ontologies facilitate the organization, sharing, and reuse of subject areas. Building a software ontology is labor-intensive and time-consuming. In the process of obtaining a software ontology, it is required to analyze a huge number of scientific publications relevant to the software being modeled. The process of ontology replenishing with information from a huge number of scientific publications can be facilitated and accelerated through the use of lexical-syntactic patterns of ontological design. In this paper, we consider the possibility of automated construction of scientific subject area ontologies based on a heterogeneous patterns system of ontological design. This system includes ontological design patterns and is intended for ontology developers. System also includes automatically built lexical and syntactic patterns, which help to automatic replenishment of the ontology with information extracted from natural language texts.

A bibliometric analysis of the advance of artificial intelligence in medicine

This bibliometric study analyzes the evolution of research in artificial intelligence (AI) applied to medicine from 2015 to September 2023. Using the Scopus database and keywords related to AI, machine learning, and deep learning in medicine, tools such as VOSviewer and Bibliometrix were used to explore publication trends, subject areas, co-authorship networks, and the most productive countries, among others. 2,064 articles were analyzed, and a significant increase in global academic production has been evident in the last five years. International collaboration was notable, with China and the United States leading in knowledge contribution. The keyword analysis highlights the breadth of topics and applications of AI in medicine, with particular emphasis on cancer detection, dengue diagnosis, and medical image analysis, among others. In conclusion, this study highlights the growing academic interest in the application of AI in medicine and the need for collaborative research. The findings underscore the relevance of these technologies in key areas of health care, contributing significantly to advances in medical diagnosis and prognosis.

Connecting the Health Care Workforce with the Patient Experience.

This article is one in a series from Press Ganey-a health care performance improvement organization-that will discuss the many facets of the human experience in health care. Using the latest national data, the series will explore the intersections of safety, reliability, experience, and service, and their impact on engagement, work culture, and nurse-sensitive outcomes. Each installment will be designed as a "deep dive" into the most recent thinking and evidence-based approaches to improvement of the patient experience with a particular focus on practical and implementable tactics in each of the above subject areas.

Initial Development and Validation of a Questionnaire for Students’ Artificial Intelligence Knowledge in Education

This research investigates students' knowledge in the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education through the administration of a formulated questionnaire. Drawing upon insights from thematic analysis of qualitative responses and computation of Cronbach's alpha coefficients, the study aims to produce a tool to assess tertiary level students' understanding regarding AI integration in academic settings. Results reveal varying degrees of awareness, knowledge, and confidence among students, highlighting thematic areas such as perceived benefits, ethical considerations, and disciplinary perspectives. While the questionnaire demonstrates validity, reliability, and scalability as a measurement tool, limitations including response bias and generalizability are acknowledged. Implications for educational practice and research are discussed, emphasizing the utility of the questionnaire in informing curriculum development, professional development initiatives, policy decisions, and future research directions. Overall, this research provides valuable insights into students' perspectives on AI in education, offering a foundation for enhancing AI literacy, fostering ethical awareness, and shaping the future of AI integration in educational settings.

Executive compensation, sustainable business practices and firm performance: a systematic literature review and future research agenda

PurposeThis paper provides the latest systematic literature review (SLR) of prevailing studies on the interrelationship among executive compensation, financial performance and sustainable business practices. This SLR is done in three parts: (1) examine the theories employed by previous studies; (2) identify the unique variables employed by researchers in analysing this interrelationship and (3) explore potential opportunities for further study in the field.Design/methodology/approachThis study conducted an SLR analysing studies from the Web of science, Scopus and EBSCO in over 20 countries from 2009 to 2022 published in several top-ranked journals. We utilised various search strings using the key phrases “executive compensation”, “CEO Pay”, “financial performance” and “sustainable business practices”. The initial sample of 27,210 was filtered with our meticulous inclusion and exclusion criteria to produce a list of 161 studies.FindingsOur findings are as follows: first, most studies encompassing this subject area lack multi-theoretical perspectives with agency theory being the most dominant theoretical viewpoint; second, we observed the use of monotonous quantitative research methods, with studies heavily lacking qualitative and mixed-method research approaches; finally, there is a palpable gap in cross-country studies.Research limitations/implicationsThere are a few limitations that must be acknowledged. First, the inclusion criteria ensured that only articles published in the CABS journal ranking of three star and above. Thus, this review may not be a precise reflection of the EC, FP and SBPs literature scope. The inclusion criteria also limit our review to only accounting, finance, management and business-related studies about the topic. Therefore, future studies could explore studies ranked three star and below and from other subject areas.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the existing literature by conducting a comprehensive SLR that examines both the theoretical underpinnings and empirical evidence on this topic. It builds upon previous research and extends our understanding of the interrelationship among executive compensation, financial performance and sustainable business practices.

Age of techno-innovative journalism: a systematic mapping of entrepreneurial journalism research, 2000 – 2022

ABSTRACT As scholars try to make sense of the intersection between entrepreneurship and journalism in today’s increasingly digital world, a burgeoning body of research has surfaced in the past couple of years. This meta-analysis systematically maps existing literature on entrepreneurial journalism (EJ) to assess the state of scholarship thus far. The results indicate that between 2010 and 2014, research in EJ marked its emergence, with 13 publications (9%) signifying the initial stages of scholarly interest. Subsequently, from 2015 to 2020, there was a substantial surge, with 97 publications (66%) contributing to the field’s rapid growth. The years 2021 and 2022 witnessed further consolidation, with 37 publications (25%). Geographically, the results indicated significant contributions from the U.S (20%) and Spain (19%). The University of Houston emerged as the leading institutional affiliation for EJ research authors. Dominant thematic areas in EJ research include digital disruption and innovations (50%), media sustainability (13%), and amongst others.

A STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STUDENTS’ LISTENING SKILLS AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENTS: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

The intent of this systematically reviewed literature was to assess the connection between students’ listening skills and their academic achievements. The researcher gathered previously conducted articles from Scopus data base. He examined papers that were released in the years from 2000-2022. To guide the review, the researcher performed six actions; systematic literature review using PRISMA method (Mihret, G. et al., 2024). Among 39 scrutinized articles, the researcher retained 12 articles. The researcher used key words: academic achievement, skill, academic performance, listening skill, listening comprehension and academic achievements to run his study. The retrieval date for articles was 16 of May 2024. The publication stage that the researcher used was final articles not article in press and the document type was articles which were published in English language. Predominantly, the subject areas he used were Social Sciences, Psychology and Arts and Humanities. The findings seem to suggest students learn instructions more successfully when they are quiet, concentrated, and not twitching. As a result, teachers may not need to repeat instructions as often. This means, students’ listening skill and their academic achievements have direct or positive relationships. Future research on the area indicated that when learners are eager and keen on listening, they will achieve their educational goals easily.

Unveiling the Challenges and Processes of Implementing Program and Performance Budget for Government Universities in Iraq

This study aims to identify the challenges facing the implementation process and necessary processes for the successful implementation of Program and Performance Budget (PPB) in Iraqi universities. Employing a qualitative approach, data was gathered through in-depth, semi-structured focus group discussions involving top management and financial department representatives from the University of Baghdad, the University of Al-Qadisiyah, and the University of Muthanna, totaling 30 participants. Utilizing Nvivo software, the data was analyzed to generate a word cloud, where larger-sized words indicated greater repetitions and higher impact rates. Thematic analysis techniques were subsequently applied for a more detailed understanding. The findings underscore numerous challenges in PBB implementation, including issues related to management competence, organizational commitment, financial constraints, and the unique features of PPB. Key thematic areas for necessary processes are the measurement system and the approach to implementation. The contribution of the theoretical study is to supplement previous literature that is concerned with trying to find an alternative to the traditional method of preparing the budget. The current study showed the challenges associated with implementing the PPB in the Iraqi context and the necessary procedures for that. The study focuses on Iraqi government universities. This empirical evidence contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the challenges and processes associated with PBB implementation, serving as a valuable guide for university management.

Bibliometric Analysis of Islamic Crowdfunding: A Literature Review of Its Journey

Background The potential of Islamic crowdfunding to encourage the development of Islamic fintech globally, even in countries with non-Muslim majority populations, needs to be examined in a literature study on this issue. More extensive research is needed regarding the factors that most reliably predict the success of Islamic crowdfunding, such as compliance with Islamic crowdfunding laws, sustainability, and the potential of Islamic finance. This article describes a comprehensive and systematic Literature Review (SLR) regarding papers published in the field of Islamic crowdfunding. This research aims to contribute to a better understanding of Islamic crowdfunding, provide useful information for practitioners, and stimulate further research in the field to increase the success of Islamic crowdfunding. Methods We conducted a review of selected papers to identify gaps and significant issues in Islamic crowdfunding, providing guidance for future researchers. This article review was based on 704 articles retrieved using the keyword “Islamic crowdfunding” from the Scopus database between 2013 and 2022. To minimize bias, we formulated 5 research questions to guide our analysis: RQ1: How do publication and citation rates vary annually? RQ2: How can we determine the most influential studies based on citation counts for each keyword? RQ3: What are the most common subject areas addressed in Islamic crowdfunding literature from 2013 to 2022? RQ4: What are the most frequently used keywords in Scopus documents? RQ5: How are Islamic values discussed in articles related to Islamic crowdfunding? Results The findings of this research demonstrate that Islamic crowdfunding, characterized by interdisciplinary scholarship, has emerged as an increasingly significant alternative for aiding society and the economy. It contributes to poverty alleviation and the development of specific sectors through channels such as crowdfunding for small and medium enterprises and social projects tailored to meet the diverse needs of Muslims. However, the challenge facing the future development of Sharia crowdfunding is that, despite its benefit of increasing community participation in projects aligned with religious values, it also carries the potential risk of investment losses and non-compliance with Sharia principles. Ways to address the current scarcity of Sharia fintech are also needed, ensuring its broader acceptance across all societal levels, and enhancing Muslims’ understanding of compliance with Islamic religious rules, particularly Fiqh law. Conclusion Urgently needed are specific fiqh regulatory guidelines to ensure that Sharia-compliant crowdfunding adheres to Islamic principles. Government support, particularly through legislation in countries where the majority of the population is Muslim, is crucial to enhance public participation and trust in Sharia crowdfunding.

INFLUENCE OF OVERLOADED SCHOOL EVENTS ON STUDENTS' WELL-BEING

This study investigates the impact of overloaded school events on the overall well-being of students, focusing on physical, mental, and emotional aspects. With schools offering a myriad of extracurricular activities, clubs, and events, concerns arise about their potential effects on students health and academic performance. Using a descriptive research method, 51 students from the College of Education at Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology were surveyed during the 2nd Semester of the 2023-2024 school year. The study found that overloaded school events negatively affect students physical health by causing exhaustion, disrupted sleep patterns, and increased stress. Mentally, students reported feelings of stress, frustration, and decreased confidence, impacting their academic focus and motivation. Emotionally, students experienced increased stress, emotional tension, and challenges in maintaining emotional resilience. Academically, students faced difficulties in focusing, missed lessons leading to educational gaps, and challenges in completing assignments and exams. The study highlights the need for schools to create a balanced learning environment that prioritizes students well-being alongside academic achievement. Recommendations include revising school event calendars, implementing stress reduction programs, promoting self-care and balance, and fostering collaboration among stakeholders to address these issues effectively. Continuous evaluation of interventions is crucial to ensuring positive outcomes for students well-being and academic success. Subject Areas: Higher Education, Sociology KEYWORDS: overloaded school events, students well-being

Do you like school? Social class, gender, ethnicity and pupils' educational enjoyment.

This study investigates structural inequalities in educational enjoyment in a contemporary cohort of United Kingdom (UK) primary school children. Foundational studies in the sociology of education consistently indicate that the enjoyment of education is stratified by social class, gender, and ethnicity. Analysing data from the UK Millennium Cohort Study, which is a major cohort study that tracks children born at the start of the 21st century, we examine children's enjoyment of both school and individual academic subject areas. The overarching message is that at age 11 most children enjoy their education. The detailed empirical analyses indicate that educational enjoyment is stratified by gender, and there are small differences between ethnic groups. However, there is no convincing evidence of a social class gradient. These results challenge orthodox sociological views on the relationship between structural inequalities and educational enjoyment, and therefore question the existing theoretical understanding of the wider role of enjoyment in education.

Reporting Perinatal Substance Use to Child Protective Services: Obstetric Provider Perspectives on the Impact on Care.

Objective: To understand obstetric provider perspectives on child protective services (CPS)-mandated reporting requirements and how they affect care for pregnant and postpartum patients with opioid use disorder (OUD). Methods: Key informant interviews were conducted virtually with obstetricians, nurse practitioners, and social workers caring for obstetric patients (n = 12). Providers were asked about their experience as mandated reporters working with patients with OUD. Transcripts were independently coded by two staff, and content analysis was used to identify themes. Results: Our analysis resulted in six thematic areas, including CPS-mandated strengths, concerns related to CPS reporting requirements, implementation of mandates, supporting patients after CPS report, communication between stakeholders, and the impact on care. Providers noted that the fear of CPS involvement causes some patients to delay or not engage in care. Other patients are hesitant to accept medications for OUD for fear of CPS involvement. The inconsistencies in how reporting mandates are applied and how CPS handles cases make communication about the policies challenging for providers and create anxiety for patients. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that mandated reporting requirements and the potential for CPS involvement are perceived to have minimal positive effects on perinatal individuals with OUD and may negatively affect patients and their care. Clinicaltrials.gov number: NCT04240392.

A Web-Based Intervention to Support the Mental Well-Being of Sexual and Gender Minority Young People: Mixed Methods Co-Design of Oneself.

Sexual and gender minority youth are at greater risk of compromised mental health than their heterosexual and cisgender peers. This is considered to be due to an increased burden of stigma, discrimination, or bullying resulting in a heightened experience of daily stress. Given the increasing digital accessibility and a strong preference for web-based support among sexual and gender minority youth, digital interventions are a key means to provide support to maintain their well-being. This paper aims to explicate the co-design processes and underpinning logic of Oneself, a bespoke web-based intervention for sexual and gender minority youth. This study followed a 6-stage process set out by Hagen et al (identify, define, position, concept, create, and use), incorporating a systematic scoping review of existing evidence, focus groups with 4 stakeholder groups (ie, sexual and gender minority youth, professionals who directly support them, parents, and UK public health service commissioners), a series of co-design workshops and web-based consultations with sexual and gender minority youth, the appointment of a digital development company, and young adult sexual and gender minority contributors to create content grounded in authentic experiences. Oneself features a welcome and home page, including a free accessible to all animation explaining the importance of using appropriate pronouns and the opportunity to create a user account and log-in to access further free content. Creating an account provides an opportunity (for the user and the research team) to record engagement, assess users' well-being, and track progress through the available content. There are three sections of content in Oneself focused on the priority topics identified through co-design: (1) coming out and doing so safely; (2) managing school, including homophobic, biphobic, or transphobic bullying or similar; and (3) dealing with parents and families, especially unsupportive family members, including parents or caregivers. Oneself's content focuses on identifying these as topic areas and providing potential resources to assist sexual and gender minority youth in coping with these areas. For instance, Oneself drew on therapeutic concepts such as cognitive reframing, stress reduction, and problem-solving techniques. There is also a section containing relaxation exercises, a section with links to other recommended support and resources, and a downloads section with more detailed techniques and strategies for improving well-being. This study contributes to research by opening up the black box of intervention development. It shows how Oneself is underpinned by a logic that can support future development and evaluation and includes diverse co-designers. More interactive techniques to support well-being would be beneficial for further development. Additional content specific to a wider range of intersecting identities (such as care-experienced Asian sexual and gender minority youth from a minority faith background) would also be beneficial in future Oneself developments. RR2-10.2196/31036.

NEW ECONOMIC REALITY AS A SUBJECT MATTER OF RESEARCH

The article reveals the trends of modern crisis processes in the economy, which more and more clearly highlight the signs of a new reality. The authors note that in recent years, political and economic contradictions have been growing at an accelerated pace, integration interactions are slowing down, social paradigm is aggravating, the environmental crisis is taking on global proportions, and the stagnation of the economy is increasing. These crisis processes alternate, intersect, are being resolved, however, the range of opportunities for solving accumulated problems and conditions for further development becomes critical. The authors explore many specific manifestations of the new economic reality, including the deepening gap between economic theory and practice, identifying the contradictions that arise here and attracting the possibilities of political economy theory, system economics, and the potential of interdisciplinary knowledge. These manifestations are considered in a continuous set of space and time of the subject matter of research. The authors demonstrate the necessity to comply fundamental developments in the field of economic theory with the need to develop the foundations of state economic policy, risk management assessment, and creative approach to human capital. Based on this, conclusions are drawn on the need for a holistic theoretical and methodological description of the new economic reality, the definition of its subject area, the use of the achievements of scientific and technological progress for the intensive development of the economy and the correct definition of methods and tools for solving the problems of the new reality. The authors believe that the new reality that emerged in the socio-economic system after the financial crisis of 2008–2009 and clearly manifested in strong shocks that hit the world community in 2020–2022 is pushing economic theory to move as quickly as possible to the level of development, meeting practical requirements. In the process of research, the authors used the possibilities of a dialectical method, systemic and evolutionary approaches, as well as such theories as: the mode of production; socio-economic transformations; creative and innovative economy; threshold measures in phenomenon development.

Predicting Student Achievement via Machine Learning: Evidence from Turkish Subset of PISA

This study seeks to identify the determinants of academic performance in mathematics, science, and reading among Turkish secondary school students. Using data from the OECD's PISA 2018 survey, which includes several student- and school-level variables as well as test scores, we employed a range of supervised machine learning methods specifically ensemble decision trees to assess their predictive performance. Our results indicate that the boosted regression tree (BRT) method outperforms other methods bagging and random forest regression trees. Notably, the BRT highlights the importance of general secondary education programs over vocational and technical (VAT) education in predicting academic achievement. Moreover, both characteristics specific to student and school environment are demonstrated to be significant predictors of academic performance in all subject areas. These findings contribute to the development of evidence-based educational policies in Turkey.

Improvement in Facial Wrinkles Using Materials Enhancing PPARGC1B Expression Related to Mitochondrial Function

Skin aging is an unavoidable natural phenomenon caused by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. In modern society, the pursuit of a wrinkle-free and aesthetically appealing face has gained considerable prominence. Numerous studies have aimed at mitigating the appearance of facial wrinkles. Antiaging research focused on regulating the function of mitochondria, the main reactive oxygen species-generating organelles, has been extensively conducted. In this study, we investigated the correlation between facial wrinkles and the expression of PPARGC1B, considering the association of this gene with mitochondrial function, to identify its potential as a target for exploring antiaging cosmetic materials. We elucidated the role of PPARGC1B in the skin and identified five bioactive materials that modulated its expression. The effectiveness of these materials was verified through in vitro experiments on human dermal fibroblasts. We prepared cosmetic formulations incorporating the five materials and confirmed their ability to enhance dermal collagen in three-dimensional skin models and reduce facial wrinkles under the eyes and nasolabial fold areas in human subjects. The study findings have significant implications for developing novel antiaging cosmetic formulations by reinforcing mitochondrial functions.

The Linkage Between Digital Transformation and Organizational Culture: Novel Machine Learning Literature Review Based on Latent Dirichlet Allocation

AbstractOrganizational culture is a crucial component of innovation in company success, particularly in the setting of the information economy. The purpose of this research is to conduct a bibliometric analysis in order to identify dominant research topics, their potential shifts, and recent developments in the fields of organizational culture and digital transformation. It demonstrates a machine learning–supported method for identifying and segmenting the current state of this research field. The literature was identified from the Scopus database through a search query. The analyzed amount of papers (3065) was published in 1619 sources (journals, proceedings, books, etc.) with various research impacts. Identifying the dominant research topics resulted in eight topics: Social Media Connectivity; Digital Innovation Ecosystems; Socio-economic Sustainability; Digital Workforce Transformation; Digital Competence and Cultural Transformation; Knowledge, Culture, and Innovation; Data and Resource Management; and Digital Transformation Maturity. The results showed a shift in the research field on organizational culture related to digital transformation towards the subject area of business, management, and accounting, with increasing research interest and impact for the Digital Workforce Transformation as well as for the Knowledge, Culture, and Innovation topics.

Application of the mind map learning technique of english-speaking students on the example of the topic “Anatomy of the brachial plexus”

Abstract. The issue of teaching brachial plexus anatomy to English-speaking foreign students remains confusing and uncoordinated to these days due to significant differences in the presentation of material in translated educational literature by Russian-language authors and atlases, textbooks, and manuals used in other countries. The purpose is to study the mind maps learning technique and identify the advantages of its use when teaching as a process using the example of the topic “Brachial plexus anatomy.” for medical foreign students Materials and methods. The materials were researches in the subject area of compiling mind maps, textbooks, atlases and manuals, workshops, workbooks of human anatomy for students of medical universities in Russian and English from sections that describing brachial plexus anatomy , and personal experience of using mind maps . Results. the example of using a mind map in human anatomy classes is given in accordance with modern anatomical terminology, the analysis of discrepancies in the description of the brachial plexus anatomy in Russian and English-language anatomical schools was carried out, and the advantages of their use in teaching medical foreign students were identified.

Paramedicine research with family and bystanders: A methodological review

The evolving nature of paramedic care has resulted in a growing body of evidence considering service user experience, including the experiences of patients, family members and bystanders. As new areas of research enquiry emerge in paramedicine, it is important to review the methods, methodologies, and quality of evidence in these topic areas. A methodological review was conducted of peer-reviewed empirical studies reporting on family and bystander experiences where emergency ambulance services responded. Descriptive statistics were calculated to describe select study characteristics. Study quality was appraised using the Johanna Briggs Institute Checklist for Qualitative Research and the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool. Service user engagement was evaluated using a newly adapted tool, the Service User Engagement Ladder. After searching five databases, 37 studies of varying research designs were included in this review. While overall study quality was high, there was a notable absence of theoretical discussion, particularly regarding qualitative methodologies. In assessing service user engagement, family and bystanders had very low levels of engagement in the research process. Only one study in this review utilised methods where co-construction of research occurred. Current research is dominated by Western study locations and biomedical paradigms that privilege Westernised populations and ways of considering experience, ignoring the preferences and experiences of Indigenous people and people from minoritised ethnic groups. To further develop paramedicine research involving family and bystanders, transparent reporting around the theoretical underpinnings of research must be strengthened. There is a significant opportunity to increase service user engagement in the research process. Greater attention to cultural and ethnic diversity is needed in researching family and bystander experiences.

Digital Anthropology Manifesto

The manifesto format was not chosen by chance. As a rule, manifestations are not acceptable in the scientific community and are practiced to proclaim a new order of things. Historically, social groups have declared their intentions in manifestos of various kinds. This circumstance is also true for contemporary cases such as manifestos of cyborgs, hackers, “Evolution 2045”, etc. Digital anthropology as a subject of manifestation looks anomalous, since it is not related to the interests of a specific social group or force. The intentions of the authors of this manifesto are to proclaim an alternative to the scientific research mainstream. The subject area and thesaurus of digital anthropology historically began to take shape in the Western countries. Due to qualitative and quantitative empirical research, the network has become a kind of analogue of a “field” for the study of behavioral practices, the specifics of thinking, and mythology that makes its way into virtual communication and Internet content. In an attempt to maintain ideological continuity with ethnographic and field research, digital anthropology ignored the conceptual and generalizing statement about a person. The latter was formed in the discourse of philosophical anthropology, not only a historical philosophical movement, but also a current field of knowledge that produces reflexive generalized knowledge about human beings. In the manifesto, the subject of digital anthropology is significantly clarified, and its definition is also given as a result of the reassembly of the subject.