Subfamily Lamiinae Research Articles

Revision of the Genus <i>Aethalodes</i> with a New Subspecies from Anhui, China (Cerambycidae: Lamiinae)

<i>Aethalodes </i>is a tiny genus in the subfamily Lamiinae Latreille, 1825 of the family Cerambycidae Latreille, 1802. It was established in 1888 with <i>Aethalodes verrucosus </i>Gahan, 1988 as the type species. In order to have a better and more complete understanding of this genus and the two known subspecies, the scientific literature on the genus and 2 known subspecies was traced with the original descriptions carefully studied, and all the type specimens available are found to be female adults, which have been examined and compared with each other and also with the identified male specimens from other reliable sources. A revision of the genus <i>Aethalodes </i>and the two known subspecies has been made, as the original descriptions of the genus and nominate type subspecies by Gahan were incomplete and somewhat defective in lack of the male type specimen. The subspecies <i>Aethalodes verrucosus formosanus </i>Kriesche, 1924 is raised back to species level as <i>A. verrucosus formosanus</i> Kriesche, 1924 based on the newly-found significant differences in the length of the antennae as the decisive feature distinguishing it from <i>A. verrucosus </i>as an independent species. Fieldwork has been carried out to try to find and collect <i>Aethalodes </i>specimens with light and net trappings, and a new subspecies, <i>Aethalodes</i> <i>verrucosus anhuiensis</i> subsp. nov. is described from China’s Anhui Province with images, whose unique partial white squamosity on the black body is distinguished from the dark brown squamosity of the nominate subspecies. Both <i>Aethalodes verrucosus verrucosus </i>Gahan, 1988 and the newly-found subspecies may be rare in China. More field surveys are required to find and observe <i>Aethalodes</i> adults, their host plants and habitat in China, and efforts should be made to collect more specimens for further study.

Confirmation that Monochamol is a Male Produced Aggregation-Sex Pheromone for Monochamus maculosus Haldeman (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae).

The recognition of cerambycids as frequent and damaging invaders led to an increase in the interest in the chemical ecology of the group with the identification of pheromones and pheromone-like attractants for well over 100 species. Pheromone components of the Cerambycidae are often phylogenetically conserved, with a single compound serving as a pheromone component for several related species. In the subfamily Lamiinae, the compound 2-(undecyloxy)ethanol (monochamol) has been identified as an aggregation-sex pheromone for several species of the genus Monochamus. In other species, including Monochamus maculosus Haldeman, field trials have demonstrated that monochamol is a pheromone attractant, but at that point it was still unknown as to whether it was a pheromone for this species. Here we report the identification, and laboratory and field trials of a pheromone component produced by adult male M. maculosus. Chemical analyses of headspace volatile collections sampled from field collected beetles of both sexes revealed the presence of one male-specific compound that was identified as 2-(undecyloxy)ethanol. Electroantennography analyses showed that monochamol elicited responses from the antennae of female beetles. Traps baited with monochamol in the field captured M. maculosus adults of both sexes corroborating the identification of monochamol as the sex-aggregation pheromone of this species. The attractivity of monochamol to adult M. maculosus in our field trapping experiment was synergized by the addition of the host volatile α-pinene.

Excastra albopilosa, a remarkable new genus and species of Lamiinae (Insecta: Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from southeastern Queensland, Australia

A new genus and species of Cerambycidae from the subfamily Lamiinae is described from subtropical rainforest in southeastern Queensland, Australia. Excastra albopilosa gen. et sp. nov. is easily distinguished from all other Australian Lamiinae by its dense covering of short adpressed white setae and the long erect white setae forming twisted spires. A modification to the key to Australian Lamiinae genera is provided to accommodate Excastra gen. nov.

DAFTAR PERIKSA KUMBANG SUBFAMILI LAMIINAE (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) DI SULAWESI: BAGIAN I, GUNUNG TAMBUSISI

This study aims to provide data on the beetle species of the Subfamily Lamiinae (Cerambycidae) on Mount Tambusisi, Central Sulawesi. Sample collection was carried out from June to July 2022 on Mount Tambusisi in cocoa plantation, agroforestry, secondary forest and primary forest. Sample identification was carried out at the Laboratory of Animal Biosystematics and Evolution, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Tadulako University. Specimens were preserved dry according to museum standards and kept at the Laboratory of Animal Biosystematics and Evolution, Department of Biology, Tadulako University and at the Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense-MZB (PRBE-BRIN) Cibinong. Specimen are described based on morphological characteristics. A total of 17 species of beetles from the Lamiinae subfamily were collected from Mount Tambusisi such as Acalolepta rusticatrix, A. mattuladaii, A. celebensis, Sternohammus celebensis submaculatus, Granulorsidis sp., Pelargoderus alcanor thomsoni, Epepeotes lugubris, E. plorator celebensis, Olenecamptus bilobus, Trachelophora sp., Gnoma pulverea, Sybra cf. alternans, S. aequabilis. The five morphospecies that have not been identified down to the species level. Several species of cerambycid beetles with a wide distribution in the Oriental region, the Malay Archipelago to Indo-Australia such as Acalolepta rusticatrix, Olenecamptus bilobus, and Pterolophia melanura. While the other 9 species are endemic to Sulawesi.

Premium food for offspring? Black-backed Woodpecker (Picoides arcticus) diet during breeding season in eastern Canada

Knowledge on the diet of the Black-backed Woodpecker (Picoides arcticus Swainson, 1832) is fragmentary and relies on a limited number of studies. Gaps remain in our understanding of the plasticity of its diet, particularly in the eastern part of its range. The main objective of this study was to assess the diet of Black-backed Woodpeckers in burned and unburned habitats and among sexes and ages in Québec. We collected feces and fecal bags from unburned and burned habitats in the Central Laurentians ecoregion of the eastern boreal shield ecozone and assessed diets based on identified prey items. Buprestidae and Cerambycidae of the sub-family Lamiinae were the predominant prey for adult Black-backed Woodpeckers in burned habitats, and the Pythidae Pytho niger (Kirby, 1837) and Lamiinae were the most prevalent prey in unburned habitats. Lamiinae were the most predominant prey items provisioned to nestling in burned habitat, while P. niger was their predominant food in unburned habitat, followed by Cerambycidae (without Lamiinae) and Lamiinae. Our results present new insights into Black-backed Woodpecker diet where parents feed their offspring with the largest prey available, potentially providing higher fitness for their offspring. Furthermore, our study confirms that Black-backed Woodpeckers, at least in the eastern part of its range, are not restricted to feed on Lamiinae but are rather opportunistic in taking advantage from resource–pulse interactions provided by recently disturbed habitats, especially from recently burned habitats.

Comparative mitochondrial genomic analysis provides new insights into the evolution of the subfamily Lamiinae (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

The genus Monochamus within the subfamily Lamiinae is the main vector of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, which causes pine wilt disease and induces substantial economic and ecological losses. Only three complete mitochondrial genomes of the genus Monochamus have been sequenced to date, and no comparative mitochondrial genomic studies of Lamiinae have been conducted. Here, the mitochondrial genomes of two Monochamus species, M. saltuarius and M. urussovi, were newly sequenced and annotated. The composition and order of genes in the mitochondrial genomes of Monochamus species are conserved. All transfer RNAs exhibit the typical clover-leaf secondary structure, with the exception of trnS1. Similar to other longhorn beetles, Lamiinae mitochondrial genomes have an A + T bias. All 13 protein-coding genes have experienced purifying selection, and tandem repeat sequences are abundant in the A + T-rich region. Phylogenetic analyses revealed congruent topologies among trees inferred from the five datasets, with the monophyly of Acanthocinini, Agapanthiini, Batocerini, Dorcaschematini, Pteropliini, and Saperdini receiving high support. The findings of this study enhance our understanding of mitochondrial genome evolution and will provide a basis for future studies of population genetics and phylogenetic investigations in this group.

Complete mitochondrial genome of Pseudoechthistatus hei (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae) and its phylogenetic analysis

The little-known genus Pseudoechthistatus Pic, 1917 belongs to the subfamily Lamiinae of the family Cerambycidae. Adult Pseudoechthistatus hei Xie and W. Wang, 2019 specimens were collected from Bāijì Hill, Xīntángfáng Village, Wéixī County, Yúnnán Province, China. The complete mitochondrial genome (GenBank accession number: ON641973.1) of P. hei was sequenced, annotated, and characterized; it is a circular DNA molecule of 16,103 bp with a 75.71% AT content, and it comprised 13 protein-coding genes (PCG), 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, and 1 control region. The PCGs initiated with the typical ATN (Met) start codons, and were terminated by typical TAN stop codons. The Bayesian Inference phylogenetic tree was first constructed using JTT + F + I + G4 model for P. hei, which showed that P. hei was closely related to Monochamus alternatus alternatus.

A newly recorded species of the subfamily Lamiinae (Coleoptera: cerambycidae) from China

Similosodus atrofasciatus (Pic, 1925) is recorded from China (Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region) for the first time. The redescription of S. atrofasciatus (Pic, 1925) is given based on the Chinese specimens, and the morphological photographs are provided.

Keanekaragaman Kumbang Antena Panjang (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) pada Dua Tipe Habitat

This study aims to determine the composition and diversity of long antenna beetles. This research method is descriptive quantitative. Data collection techniques using transects and Artocarpus traps. The two types of habitat studied in this study are secondary forest and residential areas. The results showed that there were 49 individuals from 12-7 species (secondary forest-resident settlements) that belonged to one subfamily, the subfamily Lamiinae. The diversity index value obtained in the two habitat types is in the "medium" category with a value of H'= 1.86-2.22 and the evenness index value is in the "high" category with a range of E = 0.78-0.89 with a similarity value of 0.21. In conclusion, the highest beetle diversity was found in secondary forest (with a moderate category) compared to residential areas.
 Keywords: Diversity, Long Antenna Beetle, Lamiinae, Artocarpus Trap

The first phylogeny of Australasian Lamiinae longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) reveals poor tribal classification and a complex biogeographic history

ABSTRACTWe used phylogenomic data and information from the beetle fossil record to reconstruct the phylogeny and historical biogeography of Australasian longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae) in the subfamily Lamiinae. We further focused our study on the distribution of proposed diagnostic morphological characters in Lamiinae, and on the phylogeny of Rhytiphora Audinet‐Serville, Australia's most species‐rich genus of longhorn beetles. Lamiinae was monophyletic, but the majority of tribes were poly‐ or paraphyletic. Within Lamiinae, we recovered four main clades, including one clade mostly comprised of Australian endemic genera of probable Gondwanan origin. This clade also contained taxa that dispersed from Australia to New Zealand and experienced multiple independent instances of wing loss. Another of the four clades contained Australian genera that colonized the region from Asia, including Rhytiphora. The defining feature of Rhytiphora, the setose ‘sex patches’ on the male abdomen, was shared with many other Asian lamiine genera recovered in the same clade. Our results shed new light on the geographic and temporal origins of Australian Lamiinae, revealing an unexpected mixture of both ancient Gondwanan and recent Asian origins. Moreover, we confirmed rampant nonmonophyly at the tribal level among the Australasian genera of Lamiinae. Based on our results, we move 17 genera into Lamiinae incertae sedis and six genera into the tribe Ancitini Aurivillius. We also reinstate the tribe Niphonini Pascoe for part of the Asian‐Australian Pteropliini Thomson and synonymize Achriotypa Pascoe with Rhytiphora.

Comparative Mitogenomic Analysis of Two Longhorn Beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae) with Preliminary Investigation into Phylogenetic Relationships of Tribes of Lamiinae.

Simple SummaryMany species of Cerambycidae are important pests in the agriculture, forestry, and fruit industries, and which have research significance. The subfamily Lamiinae is the most taxonomically diverse subfamily of Cerambycidae, but relationships between the tribes of Lamiinae are still unresolved. In order to provide a new perspective on the phylogenetic relationships among the tribes of Lamiinae, the mitogenomes of two species representing two tribes, Agapanthia amurensis (Agapanthiini) and Moechotypa diphysis (Ceroplesini), were sequenced. We present annotated, complete mitogenomes of these two species, and the results of a comparative analysis of both mitogenomes. The two new mitogenomes were found to be highly conservative, as found in other Cerambycidae. We also reconstructed the phylogenetic trees using mitogenomes of 38 species/subspecies of Lamiinae. Overall, this study explores the phylogenetic position between some tribes based on mitogenomic data and provides a further basis for studying the evolution of Lamiinae.The subfamily Lamiinae is the most taxonomically diverse subfamily of Cerambycidae, but relationships between tribes of Lamiinae are still unresolved. In order to study the characteristics of the mitogenomes of Lamiinae and the tribal-level phylogenetic relationships, we sequenced the mitogenomes of two species representing two tribes, Agapanthia amurensis (Agapanthiini) and Moechotypa diphysis (Ceroplesini), with a total length of 15,512 bp and 15,493 bp, respectively. The gene arrangements of these two new mitogenomes were consistent with the inferred ancestral insect mitogenomes. Each species contained 37 typical mitochondrial genes and a control region (A + T-rich region), including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), and two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs). All PCGs initiated with the standard start codon ATN, and terminated with the complete stop codons of TAA and TAG, or incomplete stop codon T. All tRNAs could be folded into a clover-leaf secondary structure except for trnS1, in which the dihydrouridine (DHU) arm was reduced. Moreover, we studied the phylogenetic relationships between some tribes of Lamiinae based in mitochondrial PCGs in nucleotides; our results show that the relationships were as follows: (Onciderini + ((Apomecynini + Acanthocinini) + ((Ceroplesini + Agapanthiini) + ((Mesosini + Pteropliini) + ((Dorcaschematini + (Saperdini 1 + (Phytoeciini + Saperdini 2))) + (Batocerini + Lamiini)))))).

Field Trials With Blends of Pheromones of Native and Invasive Cerambycid Beetle Species.

A number of recent studies have demonstrated the potential for using blends of pheromones of cerambycid beetles to attract several species simultaneously. Here, we tested the effects of adding the pheromones of two invasive species, Trichoferus campestris (Faldermann) and Aromia bungii (Faldermann), on the attraction of native species to a generic blend of synthesized pheromones, in season-long field trials at 12 sites in Pennsylvania. Of the four species attracted in significant numbers, Megacyllene caryae (Gahan), Phymatodes amoenus (Say), and P. testaceus (L.) (all subfamily Cerambycinae) were not significantly affected by the addition of the T. campestris pheromone trichoferone and the A. bungii pheromone (E)-2-cis-6,7-epoxynonenal to the generic blend. In contrast, trap catches of Sternidius alpha (Say) (subfamily Lamiinae) were completely shut down by addition of the pheromones of the two exotic species. In addition, there was no indication that any native species were attracted to trichoferone or (E)-2-cis-6,7-epoxynonenal, suggesting that these pheromones are probably not used by species native to eastern North America.

Chemical Ecology of the Asian Longhorn Beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis.

The Asian longhorn beetle (ALB), Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky), is a destructive forest pest in its native range, East Asia, or a high-risk invasive species in many other parts of the world. Extensive research has been directed toward the development of ALB management strategies. However, semiochemical-based trap lures, which are one of the effective tools for detecting, monitoring, and potentially assisting in eradicating cerambycids, have not reached operational efficacy for ALB to date, which is probably due to a grossly incomplete understanding of its chemical ecology. Here, we summarize the current progress in ALB chemical ecology including host selection and location, pheromone identification, trapping techniques, olfactory system, and related biology and behavior. We also briefly review the known semiochemicals in the subfamily Lamiinae, particularly the ALB congener, A. chinensis. Based on this knowledge, we highlight a potentially important role of some host-original chemicals, such as sesquiterpenes, in ALB host and mate location, and emphasize the basic studies on the biology and behavior of adult ALB. Last, we formulate suggestions for further research directions that may contribute to a better understanding of ALB chemical ecology and improved lure efficacy.

New genus, new species and new records in Lamiinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae).

A new genus and three new species of the subfamily Lamiinae are described and illustrated: Osckayia oaxacae gen. nov., sp. nov. from Mexico (Oaxaca); Pseudastylopsis albus sp. nov. from Mexico (Oaxaca) and Honduras (Cortés); and Urgleptes albomaculatus sp. nov. from Mexico (Oaxaca). New country record for Acanthoderes (Acanthoderes) giesberti Chemsak Hovore, 2002 is provided.

Larval Hosts of Lamiine Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) in Connecticut and Nearby States

Based upon adults reared from dead wood or galls in live branches collected in Connecticut and nearby states, I report larval hosts for 39 species of Cerambycidae in the subfamily Lamiinae. New hosts were discovered for 27 (69.2% of total) of the species. In all, 1,828 adults were reared to document 190 host associations, including 107 (56.3% of total) new ones. Astylopsis macula (Say) had the broadest host range with 28 fully identified hosts, followed by Urgleptes querci (Fitch) with 25 hosts and Hyperplatys aspersa (Say) with 13 hosts; the remaining 36 species developed in 10 or fewer hosts. Lamiine adults emerged from 70 woody species in 38 genera distributed in 23 plant families. The number of known host families for each species usually is given, along with comments about unreliable host records.

Cerambycidae from selected sites of north India

The inventory of cerambycids from Punjab, Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir prepared in this study revealed 21 species under 14 genera in 20 tribes of three subfamilies. Subfamily Lamiinae with 12 tribes followed by Cerambycinae with five tribes, and Prioninae with two tribes were the taxonomic arrangements for these. Of these 12, 7, 2 species from 11, 1, and 2 genera belong to the subfamilies Lamiinae, Cerambycinae and Prioninae, respectively. The maximum adult activity in these groups was observed during June-August while the maximum diversity was exhibited at the Dhar block of Pathankot, Punjab.

Pheromone Composition and Chemical Ecology of Six Species of Cerambycid Beetles in the Subfamily Lamiinae.

Cerambycid beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae use male-produced aggregation-sex pheromones that are attractive to both sexes. Terpenoid pheromones have been identified from species in the tribes Acanthoderini and Acanthocinini native to North and South America, comprised of (E)-6,10-dimethyl-5,9-undecadien-2-one (geranylacetone), the structurally related 6-methylhept-5-en-2-one (sulcatone), and/or specific enantiomers or nonracemic ratios of enantiomers of the related compounds (E)-6,10-dimethyl-5,9-undecadien-2-ol (fuscumol), its acetate ester, (E)-6,10-dimethyl-5,9-undecadien-2-yl acetate (fuscumol acetate), and 6-methylhept-5-en-2-ol (sulcatol). Here, we present new information about the chemical ecology of six acanthoderine and acanthocinine species native to the eastern USA. The pheromone of Astyleiopus variegatus (Haldeman) previously was identified as a blend of (S)-fuscumol and (S)-fuscumol acetate, and we report here that geranylacetone is a synergistic component. Males of Aegomorphus modestus (Gyllenhal), Lepturges angulatus (LeConte), and Lepturges confluens (Haldeman) were found to produce similar blends composed of the enantiomers of fuscumol acetate and geranylacetone, whereas males of Astylidius parvus (LeConte) and Sternidius alpha (Say) produced both enantiomers of fuscumol together with (R)-fuscumol acetate and geranylacetone. Field experiments with synthesized chemicals revealed that species with similar pheromone composition nevertheless differed in their responses to individual components, and to various blends of components, and in how attraction was influenced by chemicals that were pheromone components of other species. Sulcatone and/or sulcatol antagonized attraction of some species to pheromones of the geranylacetone class, suggesting that there is an adaptive advantage in an ability to detect these heterospecific compounds, such as in avoiding cross attraction to other cerambycid species, as yet unknown, that use pheromones composed of both chemical classes.

Enantiomers of fuscumol acetate comprise the aggregation‐sex pheromone of the South American cerambycid beetle Psapharochrus maculatissimus, and likely pheromones of the cerambycids Eupromerella plaumanni and Hylettus seniculus

AbstractThere is increasing evidence that pheromone chemistry within the large coleopteran family Cerambycidae is often highly conserved, with numerous related species sharing the same pheromone components. As a result, traps containing these components can attract multiple cerambycid species simultaneously. In the present study, we exploited this concept in the identification of the male‐produced aggregation‐sex pheromone of the South American species Psapharochrus maculatissimus (Bates) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae, subfamily Lamiinae, tribe Acanthoderini). Initially, live adults of both sexes were caught using a trap baited with a lure containing a blend of known cerambycid pheromone components. Headspace volatiles were collected from live beetles and analyzed by coupled gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Males of P. maculatissimus sex‐specifically produced a 1:38 blend of (R)‐fuscumol acetate ([2R,5E]‐6,10‐dimethylundeca‐5,9‐dien‐2‐yl acetate) and (S)‐fuscumol acetate, which were both components of the pheromone lures to which they had been attracted. In more focused field trials, traps baited with the (S)‐enantiomer, or a blend approximating the natural 1:38 ratio of (R)‐ to (S)‐enantiomers, attracted adults of both sexes in approximately equal numbers. During bioassays, adults of the lamiine species Eupromerella plaumanni (Fuchs) (tribe Acanthoderini) and Hylettus seniculus (Germar) (Acanthocinini) also were attracted, but to different lures, with E. plaumanni being attracted to the racemic mixture of the two enantiomers of fuscumol acetate, whereas H. seniculus was attracted specifically to (R)‐fuscumol acetate. Our results suggest that differences between these sympatric species in the stereochemistry of fuscumol acetate impart species‐specificity to pheromone communication channels, similar to what has been found recently with lamiine species from other continents.

New Species of Cerambycinae and Lamiinae (Cerambycidae, Coleoptera) from Mexico

Four new species of longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae, Coleoptera) from Mexico are described herein. Three are in the subfamily Cerambycinae: Aphysotes santossilvai, sp. nov., from Veracruz (new country record for the genus), Methia martinsi, sp. nov., from Oaxaca, and Corynellus lutescens, sp. nov., from Veracruz. The fourth is in the subfamily Lamiinae: Zikanita monnei, sp. nov., from Chiapas (also a new country record for the genus). All four species are illustrated with dorsal, ventral, lateral, and frontal views.

(S)-Sulcatol Is a Pheromone Component for Two Species of Cerambycid Beetles in the Subfamily Lamiinae.

Males of several species in the large cerambycid beetle subfamily Lamiine, native to South and North America, are known to produce aggregation-sex pheromones composed of three related structures: the sesquiterpene catabolic product geranylacetone, its corresponding alcohol (known as fuscumol), and the acetate ester of the alcohol (fuscumol acetate). Here, we show that males of two lamiine species native to the eastern USA, Astylopsis macula (Say) and Leptostylus transversus (Gyllenhal) (both tribe Acanthocinini), produce pheromones composed of the structurally related (S)-6-methylhept-5-en-2-ol ([S]-sulcatol). Males of both species also produced 6-methylhept-5-en-2-one (sulcatone), and males of A. macula produced trace amounts of (R)-fuscumol acetate. Field experiments demonstrated that both species were attracted by (S)-sulcatol. Sulcatone was not attractive as a single component, nor did it influence attraction of A. macula to (S)-sulcatol, while its effect on L. transversus was unclear. Data from the field experiments, and a separate experiment using traps fitted with a timer mechanism that rotated trap jars, revealed that the two species overlap only slightly in both seasonal and daily flight period, thus minimizing interspecific attraction. Racemic fuscumol acetate and fuscumol antagonized attraction of both species to sulcatol. The identification of sulcatol as a cerambycid pheromone extends the known range of pheromone components in the subfamily Lamiinae.