Mimosaceae Research Articles

Traditional uses of wild medicinally important plants of Batkhela, kpk, Pakistan

<span>The present study was carried out in Sangina valley of Batkhela, Malakand District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. The aim of the current work was the documentation of plants utilized by the local inhabitants for different medicinal purposes. Majority of cases utilized same plant species in several ways for distinct remedies. After collecting informations through an open-ended questionnaire, totality of 46 plant species used for different medicinal purposes were recorded in the study area belonging to 31 families. Family Lamiaceae ranked as top by contributing 10.86% to the total documented medicinal plant species in the studied area. Family Euphorbiaceae and family Solanacaea shares individually 8.69% and 6.52% to the total, followed by Family Mimosaceae, Asteraceae, Moraceae and family Polygonaceae each having a contribution of 4.34%. Of total 46 reported plant species, 12 plant species were used as diuretic, 8 species were found good as tonic, 7 plant species were significant in curing of cough and 6 plant species were used for remedy of stomach pain. 5 plant species each were used for curing of fever, diarrhea and dysentery.</span>

Late Miocene Pods and Leaves of Albizzia (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) from Yunnan, SW China and Their Phytogeographic Implications

AbstractAlbizzia is a leguminous genus belonging to the subfamily Mimosoideae with approximately 150 modern species, widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Africa, Australia and America. Among them, 17 species are mainly distributed in southern and southwestern China. Abundant fossils of the subfamily Mimosoideae, including leaves, pods, flowers and wood, have been reported from the Cretaceous and Paleogene strata of the Northern Hemisphere. However, Neogene records of Mimosoideae are relatively scarce. In this study, fossil pods and leaves belonging to the genus Albizzia from the Bangmai Formation of Yunnan, China were described. They were assigned to three species, including Albizzia scalpelliformis Guo, Li and Xie Emended, Albizzia cf. kalkora (Roxb.) Prain and Albizzia sp. The occurrence of Albizzia fossils from Lincang not only gives important information on the Neogene plant diversity from Yunnan—a worldwide famous biological hotspot—but also provides additional evidence for its phytogeographic history.

Influence of temperature and photoperiod on the germination of Senegalia bahiensis seeds

Senegalia bahiensis (Fabaceae family, Mimosoideae subfamily) is typical of an anthropic environment, and thus tolerates high levels of disturbance, which supports its use in restoration planting. However, widespread use and marketing of S. bahiensis seeds requires seed quality control, for which there is a dearth of protocols. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of temperature and photoperiod on the germination of Senegalia bahiensis seeds from different matrix trees. Seeds were collected from fruits of 15 matrix trees in the municipality of Castro Alves, Bahia, Brazil. Two assays were performed, one for each parameter tested. The experimental design of both assays was completely randomized in a factorial design, and included three replicates of 25 seeds. The design of the first assay was 15 (matrix trees) × 3 (conditions - 25°C, 30°C and alternating temperatures between 25 and 30°C) and the design of the second assay was 14 (matrix trees) × 3 (conditions - 8 or 12 hours of light, or continuous light). The percentage of germination of normal seedlings, germination speed index, mean root length based on total seed number, shoot length, root length and total length were determined. The Tukey's test was used to compare mean values. The S. bahiensis matrix trees used in this study have different requirements in terms of temperature and photoperiod for seed germination. According to our findings, combining a temperature of 30°C and an 8 h period of light conveys the most suitable conditions to conduct germination tests for most matrix trees.

Less is more. Adjusting the taxonomy of the polytypic Mimosa setosa (Leguminosae, Mimosoid)

Resumo Mimosa setosa, em sua circunscrição atual, é uma espécie politípica que inclui quatro subespécies e oito variedades. Estudos filogenéticos recentes indicam que esses táxons infraespecíficos não formam um grupo monofilético. A análise morfológica de um conjunto de espécimes obtidos em diversos herbários, incluindo tipos e coletas recentes, associada à aplicação do Conceito Filogenético de espécie permite desmembrar M. setosa em seis diferentes espécies sem táxons infraespecíficos. Congruência entre dados filogenéticos, geografia e adoção do nível de espécie como a unidade mínima para descrição de táxons permite uma melhor comparação da diversidade biológica e uma circunscrição mais adequada dos táxons envolvidos no complexo M. setosa.

First record of Acanthoscelides macrophthalmus (Schaeffer) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) in Cyprus

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Plastomes of Mimosoideae: structural and size variation, sequence divergence, and phylogenetic implication

Plastomes of Fabaceae show both significant structural and size variation; however, most published plastomes are from subfamily Papilionoideae and only a few are from the other two subfamilies. In order to address the plastome structural and size variation of subfamily Mimosoideae, we integrated 11 newly sequenced plastomes from representing genera with three previously published ones. Each mimosoid plastome presented a typical quadripartite structure and contained 111 unique genes. Their inverted repeats (IRs) experienced multiple expansion/contraction; a ca. 13-kb IR expansion into small single copy (SSC) was detected in plastomes of a clade formed by tribe Ingeae and Acacia sensu stricto (s.s.), and a ca. 1.7-kb IR expansion into and a ca. 1.9-kb contraction out of large single copy (LSC) were found in Pithecellobium flexicaule and Acacia dealbata, respectively. Linear regression analysis showed decreased synonymous substitution rates of genes relocating from SSC into IR. A loss of both introns of clpP occurred in A. dealbata and Faidherbia albida, and a duplicated clpP copy was detected in A. dealbata. Furthermore, a 421-bp inversion that containing rps18 was found in A. dealbata. The size of mimosoid plastomes was found significantly affected by a IR-SC boundary shift, and also associated with repeat content. Plastome coding and noncoding regions with variable sequence divergence may supply valuable markers for molecular evolutionary and phylogenetic studies at different taxonomic levels. Plastid phylogenomics well resolved relationships among sampled mimosoid species.

Review of the Eriococcidae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) infesting Fabaceae in Argentina, with descriptions of three new species of Acanthococcus Signoret.

Three new species of Eriococcidae from Argentina, namely Acanthococcus haywardi Juárez & González sp. nov., A. punctatae Juárez & González sp. nov. and A. riojensis Juárez & González sp. nov., are described and illustrated, bringing the total number of eriococcid species now known from Argentina to 12, of which six belong to Acanthococcus Signoret and six to Hempelicoccus Kozár. They are found on 11 species of Fabaceae (subfamilies Mimosoideae and Caesalpinioidae), are widely distributed and are all restricted to the Neotropical region and the South American Transitional Zone. A key to the 12 Eriococcidae species now known on Fabaceae in Argentina is included.

A new subfamily classification of the Leguminosae based on a taxonomically comprehensive phylogeny: The Legume Phylogeny Working Group (LPWG)

AbstractThe classification of the legume family proposed here addresses the long‐known non‐monophyly of the traditionally recognised subfamily Caesalpinioideae, by recognising six robustly supported monophyletic subfamilies. This new classification uses as its framework the most comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of legumes to date, based on plastid matK gene sequences, and including near‐complete sampling of genera (698 of the currently recognised 765 genera) and ca. 20% (3696) of known species. The matK gene region has been the most widely sequenced across the legumes, and in most legume lineages, this gene region is sufficiently variable to yield well‐supported clades. This analysis resolves the same major clades as in other phylogenies of whole plastid and nuclear gene sets (with much sparser taxon sampling). Our analysis improves upon previous studies that have used large phylogenies of the Leguminosae for addressing evolutionary questions, because it maximises generic sampling and provides a phylogenetic tree that is based on a fully curated set of sequences that are vouchered and taxonomically validated. The phylogenetic trees obtained and the underlying data are available to browse and download, facilitating subsequent analyses that require evolutionary trees. Here we propose a new community‐endorsed classification of the family that reflects the phylogenetic structure that is consistently resolved and recognises six subfamilies in Leguminosae: a recircumscribed Caesalpinioideae DC., Cercidoideae Legume Phylogeny Working Group (stat. nov.), Detarioideae Burmeist., Dialioideae Legume Phylogeny Working Group (stat. nov.), Duparquetioideae Legume Phylogeny Working Group (stat. nov.), and Papilionoideae DC. The traditionally recognised subfamily Mimosoideae is a distinct clade nested within the recircumscribed Caesalpinioideae and is referred to informally as the mimosoid clade pending a forthcoming formal tribal and/or clade‐based classification of the new Caesalpinioideae. We provide a key for subfamily identification, descriptions with diagnostic charactertistics for the subfamilies, figures illustrating their floral and fruit diversity, and lists of genera by subfamily. This new classification of Leguminosae represents a consensus view of the international legume systematics community; it invokes both compromise and practicality of use.

Pleistocene fossil leaflets of Albizia kalkora (Roxb.) Prain (Leguminosae subfamily Mimosoideae) from central Honshu, Japan, and its implications for historical biogeography

Pleistocene fossil leaflets of Albizia kalkora (Roxb.) Prain (Leguminosae subfamily Mimosoideae) from central Honshu, Japan, and its implications for historical biogeography

A new fossil Fabaceae wood from the Pleistocene Touro Passo Formation of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

A fossil angiosperm wood from the Touro Passo Formation (Pleistocene) in the northwestern part of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, is described as the new fossil-taxon Itaquixylon heterogenum Benicio, Pires, Da Rosa, Spiekermann, Uhl et Jasper gen. nov. et sp. nov. The fossil wood is silicified, and is 9.9 cm in diameter and 16.6 cm in length, with small pith. The main anatomical features are diffuse porosity, vessels solitary and in radial multiples, simple perforation plates, alternate vestured intervessel pits, vessel-ray and vessel-parenchyma pits bordered, axial parenchyma scanty paratracheal and vasicentric, heterocellular rays, non-septate fibers, extremely short and with simple pits, as well as distinct growth rings. The unique set of anatomical features allows the proposing of a new fossil-genus with an affinity to the subfamily Mimosoideae of the Fabaceae. This record extends the area from which fossil woods are known in the western portion of Rio Grande do Sul State. The systematic classification proposed here, adds a new fossil-taxon related to the currently diverse family Fabaceae, thus contributing to knowledge of past biodiversity on the basis of wood anatomy in this family during the Pleistocene of Southern Brazil.

Lectotypification of Albizia thompsonii (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae)

The name Albizia thompsonii (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) is herewith typified with a specimen at K, and this selection constitutes the second-step of the lectotypification. A photograph of the selected lectotype is provided.

Phenetic analysis and phytochemical screening of medicinally important Albizia spp. in Sri Lanka

Albizia Durazz. is a genus of 150 species in the tropics and subtropics of the world and belongs to the sub family Mimosaceae in the Family Fabaceae. Of the six species recorded in Sri Lanka, A. lebbeck is used as a shady tree while A. odoratissima is grown mainly for their timber value, However, A. odoratissima and A. lebbeck are found to be used in ayurvedic medicine however, the medicinal properties of these species are not fully understood. A questionnaire survey was carried out using a hundred sample population to identify their medicinal usage. Floral and vegetative characters of the above two Albizia spp. were observed and phenetic relationships were identified. Air dried stem barks of A. odoratissima and A. lebbeck were subjected to sequential solvent extraction using hexane, chloroform, methanol and water, and the crude weight of the yield were obtained. The results revealed that ayurvedic physicians and traditional ayurvedic medical practitioners use A. odoratissima in medicinal preparations whereas the medicinal use of A. lebbeck is not reported. Further, it was revealed that Samanea saman and Adenanthera pavonina are commonly used as substitutes for A. lebbeck. Knowledge of phenetic variation of the two Albizia spp. can be used for accurate identification which prevents adulteration. Highest yield was obtained from the methanolic extracts. These extracts were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening to assess the occurrence of different phytochemicals. Results have shown the presence of glylcosides, tannins, phenolics, phytosteroids and flavonoids in methanolic extracts A. odoratissima, and A. lebbeck. The present study suggests that further studies should be conducted on the identification of active compounds in these two plant species for their pharmacognostic properties in order to understand their mode of remedial action for ailments.

Seed oil composition of Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile from Iran

Summary Introduction: Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile belongs to the Fabaceae family and the subfamily Mimosoideae; and commonly called Gum arabic tree. As the young pods and seeds are eaten roasted by the people in South Iran. Objective: The oil composition of the mature seeds of A. nilotica collected from natural habitats of the south of Iran were analyzed in order to determine their potential for human or animal consumption. Methods: The extracted oil was analyzed by gas-chromatography/mass spectroscopy method (GC/MS). Results: The oil content in these edible seeds was found to be 3.4% (v/w) fresh weight. A rare phytosterol, six fatty acids, nine hydrocarbons and one diterpenoid were identified which constituted about 83.5% of the oil. The phytosterol, 26-ethylcholesta-5,25(Z)-dien-3.β-ol (20.8%) as well as essential saturated and unsaturated fatty acids were the main components. Other components were present in amounts lower than 5%. Conclusion: It is concluded that the seed oil could be a new natural source for human nutrition.

Mimosoid legume plastome evolution: IR expansion, tandem repeat expansions and accelerated rate of evolution in clpP

The Leguminosae has emerged as a model for studying angiosperm plastome evolution because of its striking diversity of structural rearrangements and sequence variation. However, most of what is known about legume plastomes comes from few genera representing a subset of lineages in subfamily Papilionoideae. We investigate plastome evolution in subfamily Mimosoideae based on two newly sequenced plastomes (Inga and Leucaena) and two recently published plastomes (Acacia and Prosopis), and discuss the results in the context of other legume and rosid plastid genomes. Mimosoid plastomes have a typical angiosperm gene content and general organization as well as a generally slow rate of protein coding gene evolution, but they are the largest known among legumes. The increased length results from tandem repeat expansions and an unusual 13 kb IR-SSC boundary shift in Acacia and Inga. Mimosoid plastomes harbor additional interesting features, including loss of clpP intron1 in Inga, accelerated rates of evolution in clpP for Acacia and Inga, and dN/dS ratios consistent with neutral and positive selection for several genes. These new plastomes and results provide important resources for legume comparative genomics, plant breeding, and plastid genetic engineering, while shedding further light on the complexity of plastome evolution in legumes and angiosperms.

Legume Fossil Woods from the Arroyo Feliciano Formation (Late Pleistocene, Northeastern Argentina): Paleobiogeographic Implications

Fil: Brea, Mariana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro de Investigaciones Cientificas y Transferencia de Tecnologia A la Produccion; Argentina. Universidad Autonoma de Entre Rios; Argentina

Aspects of distribution of Mimosoideae (Fabaceae) trees in the highlands of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil

O planalto catarinense, no sul do Brasil, abriga a Floresta Estacional Decidual e a Floresta Ombrofila Mista, ambas submetidas a intensas pressoes antropicas, o que pode influenciar na distribuicao e na conservacao de algumas especies. Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar a distribuicao das especies arboreas de Mimosoideae (Fabaceae) nesse planalto, baseando-se em dados atuais do Inventario Floristico Florestal de Santa Catarina – IFFSC e na coletânea da Flora Ilustrada Catarinense – FIC, cujos registros abrangem o periodo de 1950 a 1970. Analisou-se, atraves de teste estatistico binominal de duas proporcoes, a distribuicao geografica de 17 especies de Mimosoideae, utilizando as informacoes provenientes de 221 unidades amostrais do IFFSC e de 124 da FIC. Mapas da distribuicao atual de cada especie foram elaborados a partir das informacoes do IFFSC. Comparando os dados atuais com aqueles de 1950 a 1970, constatou-se que 29,41% das especies estudadas alteraram sua distribuicao geografica e que 70,59% mantiveram suas proporcoes de ocorrencia no planalto catarinense. A analise mostrou-se menos precisa em relacao as especies raras das fitofisionomias analisadas. Apesar das diferentes metodologias utilizadas nas amostragens, considera-se que o metodo estatistico aplicado minimizou as diferencas, contribuindo para verificar mudancas no padrao de distribuicao das especies de Mimosoideae nas ultimas decadas. Palavras-chave: Floresta Atlântica, inventario florestal, mapa de distribuicao.

Evaluation of wound healing activity of Acacia caesia in rats

Abstract Acacia caesia (L.) is a leguminous perennial climbing shrub belonging to the family Mimosaceae, and is native to south-east Asia. Despite the traditional practice of using the bark juice for wound healing there is no scientific report on the wound healing properties of this plant. Ethno pharmacologically the bark of A. caesia has significant prohealing activity. The higher levels of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides and saponins noted in the bark extracts of A. caesia could be responsible for the medicinal properties of this plant. Secondary metabolites that serve as the defensive agents are produced under stressed condition by the plants. Wound healing activity of A. caesia bark ethanolic extract were investigated by excision and incision wound healing models in Wistar male rats in comparison with reference standard Betadine. Wounds treated with topical application of 5% W/W A. caesia ethanolic extract were found to heal faster as evidenced by observing the rate of epithelialization and percentage of wound contraction. The increase in tensile strength of treated wounds may be due to the increase in collagen and synthesis of new extracellular matrix molecules Hexosamine and Uronic acid, which acts as a ground substratum. Tensile strength was doubled in 5% W/W A. caesia ethanol extract treated tissue. Wound tissues formed on days 4, 8, 12 and 16 were used to estimate DNA, total protein, total collagen, hexosamine and uronic acid. It is observed in ACEE treated groups that the amount of protein, hexosamine, collagen and uronic acid increased from day 4 to day 12 and thereafter there was a gradual decrease until the 16th day.

Isolation and characterization of a protease inhibitor from Acacia karroo with a common combining loop and overlapping binding sites for chymotrypsin and trypsin

By using affinity and reversed-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) chromatographies two chymotrypsin–trypsin inhibitors were isolated from seeds of Acacia karroo, a legume of the subfamily Mimosoideae. The primary structure of one of these inhibitors, named AkCI/1, was determined. The inhibitor consists of two polypeptide chains, 139 and 44 residues respectively, which are linked by a single disulfide bridge. The amino acid sequence of AkCI/1 is homologous to and showed more than 60% sequence similarity with other protease inhibitors isolated earlier from the group of Mimosoideae. AkCI/1 inhibits both chymotrypsin (EC 3.4.21.1) and trypsin (EC 3.4.21.4) in a 1:1M ratio with Ki values of 2.8×10−12M and 1.87×10−12M, respectively. The P1–P1′ residues for trypsin were identified as Arg68-Ile69 by selective hydrolysis of the inhibitor at this site, with bovine trypsin and human trypsin IV. The cleavage did not affect the inhibition of trypsin, but fully abolished the chymotrypsin inhibitory activity of AkCI/1. This finding together with our studies on competition of the two enzymes for the same combining loop suggests that the same loop has to contain the binding sites for both proteases. The most likely P1 residue of AkCI/1 for chymotrypsin is Tyr67.

QUANTITATIVE MICROSCOPY AND IN VITRO ANTI DANDRUFF ACTIVITY OF DICHROSTACHYS CINEREA WIGHT AND ARN

Natural products have been used in traditional medicine for thousands of years and recently have been of increasing interest, since the cost are usually lower and they are considered less toxic by the public. The plant Dichrostachys cinerea is profusely branched thorny shrub distributed throughout the dry and warm parts of India belonging to the family Mimosaceae. The standardization of the leaves of D. cinerea were performed by Quantitative microscopy such as stomatal no, stomatal index, vein islet no. and vein termination no and foam index were examined. The aim of our study was to assess in vitro antidandruff activity of ehanolic extract of leaves of D. cinerea by disc diffusion method, the zone of inhibition were measured. It was observed that, no profound activity at lower concentration (50 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml) and showed only moderate activity at higher concentration (250 mg/ml and 500 mg/ml) against the fungi Mallazessia furfur or Pityrosporum ovale.

English

Methanolic leaf extracts of two medicinal plant species of family Mimosaceae: Albizia lebbek L. and Mimosa himalayana Gamble, were used to evaluate their antibacterial and antifungal activity using agar diffusion method. Extractions from leaves of selected plants were carried out by simple maceration process. The methanolic extracts of these plants were tested against four strains of bacteria (one strain was gram positive that is, Bacillus subtilis and three were gram negative that is, Ecscherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae) and two strains of fungi (Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus). At 15 mg/ml extract concentration, the maximum inhibitory zones observed in A. lebbek L. and M. himalayana Gamble were12.5 and 27 mm, respectively. A. lebbek L. and M. himalayana gave response against A. niger by producing 36.2 and 0.86% inhibition, respectively. No antifungal activity was reported by A. lebbeck L. and M. himalayana Gamble against A. flavus. Key words: Mimosaceae, antibacterial, antifungal, methanol extracts, medicinal plants.