Style Theory Research Articles

Relationship between ruminative style and adolescent depression

BackgroundThe role of rumination in depression remains controversial. We aimed to establish the ruminative tendency style theory (RTST), discuss the occurrence of depression in adolescents with rumination as the core, and explore the different associations between adolescent ruminative tendency, ruminative style, and depression. MethodsThis study employed an online questionnaire survey of 1110 Chinese adolescents aged 12–17 years, assessing ruminative tendency, ruminative style, stressful life events, depressive state, depressive trait, the Big Five personality traits, and social support. Conditional process analysis was used to test the chain mediation effect with Ruminative Style as a moderator. After screening for the predictor variables, a logistic regression risk prediction model was established and validated internally. ResultsThe chain mediation effect of ruminative tendency and depressive trait between stressful life events and depressive state was significant, with the indirect effect accounting for 63.4%. Ruminative Style negatively moderated the relationship between Ruminative Tendency and Depressive Trait (β=-0.053，P＜0.001). The risk prediction model for depressive state showed good calibration and clinical utility. Area under the curve values for the validation and training sets were 0.926 and 0.927, respectively. ConclusionDifferent associations may exist between adolescent ruminative tendency, ruminative style, and depression, and the proposal of ruminative style is of great significance for intervention in adolescent depression.

Эвфемизмы и дисфемизмы английского языка на тему физиологии женщины (беременность и роды)

This article aimed to study some common English euphemisms and dysphemisms on female physiology as exemplified by conception, pregnancy and childbirth, to describe the ways of creating such words and expressions, as well as to provide a sociocultural commentary on the euphemistic markers in contemporary English. The research is relevant due to the fact that euphemisms relating to female physiology have been studied rather superficially. Analysis from the viewpoint of rhyming slang represents a new and promising area in the field of euphemisms. The research methods are determined by the purpose and objectives of the study. The key method is descriptive, implemented using systematization, generalization and interpretation of language material. The linguistic methods include contextual analysis and semantic interpretation. The topic of women’s physiology is represented by expressions characterizing conception, contraception, pregnancy and childbirth that were selected from authoritative dictionaries of euphemisms and general and rhyming slang, as well as English-language fiction. The euphemisms were classified thematically (pregnancy as a special condition, pregnancy as an expectancy period, pregnancy with an emphasis on conception, pregnancy as an increase in the size of the belly, pregnancy as a source of trouble, and pregnancy as an accident). Techniques and means for creating euphemisms under study are presented. Rhyming slang, whose major function is euphemistic, is highlighted as a new promising sector of the functioning of euphemisms and dysphemisms referring to female physiology. The main points and conclusions of the article can be used when presenting the problems of euphemisms and dysphemisms in lectures and seminars on the theory of language, lexicology, stylistics, text interpretation, and intercultural communication.

Syntactic characteristics of literary texts of the XIX century in the aspect of interlanguage translation

The subject of the study is to identify the syntactic characteristics that form the syntax features of the literary works of Russian literature of the XIX century. During the research, similarities and differences of syntactic units of the originals and translations of the novels "Anna Karenina" and "Poor People" were established, as well as the national specifics of their structural, grammatical and functional semantic organization were analyzed. The purpose of the study is to identify the syntactic characteristics that form the syntax features of the literary works of Russian literature of the XIX century. To achieve this goal, a comparative analysis of the original novels by L.N. Tolstoy "Anna Karenina" and F.M. Dostoevsky "Poor People" and their translations into English, made by K. Granett in 1901 and S.D. Hogarth in 1867, respectively, was carried out. The comparative method made it possible to establish similarities and differences of syntactic constructions in the originals of the novels "Anna Karenina", "Poor People" and their translations. The method of linguistic analysis makes it possible to identify syntactic constructions and linguistic units characteristic of literary texts of the XIX century. By means of the contextual analysis method, the dependence of the meaning of these units on the context is analyzed. Within the framework of the study, similarities and differences of syntactic units of originals and translations of the named literary texts were established, as well as the national specifics of their structural, grammatical and functional semantic organization were analyzed. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that for the first time an attempt was made to systematically describe syntactic features based on the texts of works of the XIX century written by different authors. The results and materials of the research can be used in the training of specialists in the field of translation, in teaching linguistic disciplines, as well as in the development of theoretical materials on the theory and practice of translation, intercultural communication, syntax, stylistics and linguoculturology. When comparing the originals and translations of novels, cases were identified when the emotional emphasis laid by the author is shifted or lost in the English-language text. One of the reasons is the discrepancy between the grammatical norms and structures of the Russian and English languages.

Komunikasi dan Gaya Kepemimpinan

This article presents information about communication in organizations along with the theory of leadership styles in organizations. The method used is using the Library Research method. Communication within an organization can be defined as the process of exchanging information, ideas, thoughts, and views between individuals or groups within an organization. It is important for an organization to have an effective and structured communication system, and ensure that all members of the organization understand the importance of good communication in achieving common goals. Leadership styles include authoritarian style, democratic style, free style, paternalistic style, and militaristic style.

Analyzing Japanese Media Representation of The Israel-Hamas Conflict: A Linguistic Study of Online Sources

This paper examines Japanese media coverage and analysis of the recent Israel-Hamas war. Specifically, it argues that the Japanese public, media and government are being exposed to a distorted view of Islam and Muslim countries. For instance, Japanese academia seems captivated by anti-Americanism and anti-Semitism, leading to the radicalization of students. This, in turn, results in distorted perspectives on Muslim affairs for the Japanese people, media and government. This paper will focus on a case study from YouTube conducted by Akari Iiyama, a Japanese author. It will illustrate how her analysis unveils a distorted perspective of the Israel-Hamas war. Further, this study suggests that media reports play a crucial role in our comprehension of language dynamics in contemporary everyday life. It aims to enhance our understanding, especially in the context of Israel-Hamas war reporting, of the theory of speech style in socio-linguistics. Specifically, the theory of “involvement” will be discussed in relation to Japanese web-based data.

Self-report assessment of Positive Appraisal Style (PAS): Development of a process-focused and a content-focused questionnaire for use in mental health and resilience research.

Positive Appraisal Style Theory of Resilience posits that a person's general style of evaluating stressors plays a central role in mental health and resilience. Specifically, a tendency to appraise stressors positively (positive appraisal style; PAS) is theorized to be protective of mental health and thus a key resilience factor. To this date no measures of PAS exist. Here, we present two scales that measure perceived positive appraisal style, one focusing on cognitive processes that lead to positive appraisals in stressful situations (PASS-process), and the other focusing on the appraisal contents (PASS-content). For PASS-process, the items of the existing questionnaires Brief COPE and CERQ-short were analyzed in exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA, CFA) in independent samples (N = 1157 and N = 1704). The resulting 10-item questionnaire was internally consistent (α = .78, 95% CI [.86, .87]) and showed good convergent and discriminant validity in comparisons with self-report measures of trait optimism, neuroticism, urgency, and spontaneity. For PASS-content, a newly generated item pool of 29 items across stressor appraisal content dimensions (probability, magnitude, and coping potential) were subjected to EFA and CFA in two independent samples (N = 1174 and N = 1611). The resulting 14-item scale showed good internal consistency (α = .87, 95% CI [.86, .87]), as well as good convergent and discriminant validity within the nomological network. The two scales are a new and reliable way to assess self-perceived positive appraisal style in large-scale studies, which could offer key insights into mechanisms of resilience.

Analysis of Language Style Uttered by the Characters in Premature Movie

Spoken language will always involve language style. This depends on the situation in which the conversation is taking place, and also the participants. This study was conducted to see the language style of the conversations in Premature movie. The data were analyzed by using qualitative method. The data analyzed based on the theory of language style proposed by Joos (1967), and it combined with the theory of function of language proposed by Holmes (1992). The data were taken from the conversation that uttered by the characters in Premature movie. Based on the analysis there are 19 data that found in the data source, there are four types of language style and six types of language function were found. The four language styles are four types of language style which are, formal style, consultative style, casual style, and intimate style. Casual style is the most dominant type in this movie. The six function of language that found by the researcher which are expressive function, directive function, referential function, metalinguistic function, poetic function, and phatic function. The most function of language occurred in the data analysis is directive function.

Constructing a Theory of Affective Stylistics in Modern Chinese Literature Based on Knowledge Mapping

Abstract Emotion stylistics is an important bridge to communicate the emotions of characters and the emotions of readers in modern Chinese literature. This paper extends the emotion dictionary based on the point mutual information in the SOPMI algorithm and introduces the emotion words into the emotion dictionary to calculate the emotion values of modern Chinese literature texts. Modern Chinese literature’s emotions can be visualized through knowledge filtering, knowledge fusion, and text classification modules of the knowledge graph. Multimodal theory is used to construct a theoretical framework that is dynamic and multimodal stylistic. The study focuses on the emotional intensity, tendency, flow, and visualization analysis of The Divine Eagle Warrior, a modern Chinese literature, as the research object. The results show that the emotional density of the original work is 0.107, the amount of both positive and negative emotions reaches about 3, and the maximum fluctuation of emotions in the whole text is 0.23. The results reveal the structural composition of emotions in the discourse of modern Chinese literature, which is of great reference significance for further understanding the nature of literature and constructing the theory of emotional stylistics.

Coping Through the Unforeseen: Comparison of Adaptive Strategies on Learning Modalities of Students in Public and Private Educational Institutions

The COVID-19 pandemic prompted numerous studies on students’ challenges; however, relatively little attention has been given to their coping mechanisms. This study qualitatively compared the adaptive strategies employed by students from public and private institutions during Online Distance, Blended, and Face-to-Face Learning. Grounded on Kolb’s Learning Style Theory, this phenomenological research examined the various coping mechanisms utilized by Grade 10 students from public and private schools in the Philippines who were selected using convenience and snowball sampling methods. Data were analyzed following Colaizzi’s method, providing a rigorous framework for interpreting the findings. Results revealed that private school students encountered significant academic difficulties due to isolation, relying primarily on self-driven coping strategies. In contrast, public school students faced challenges related to workload and socioeconomic factors, turning to hobbies, family, and peer support to manage their stresses. These findings highlighted the distinct differences in how students from various educational settings cope with pressures brought on by the pandemic. Future studies are strongly recommended to encompass broader parameters, extend over longer periods, and include more mature subjects to capture a broader range of experiences with different learning modalities. A comprehensive approach would provide deeper insights into students’ coping mechanisms and adaptive strategies across educational contexts. This study underscores the importance of understanding the diverse coping mechanisms employed by students. It highlights the need for supportive measures tailored to students’ unique challenges in different educational settings. Addressing these needs is crucial in developing effective strategies to support students' well-being and academic success in the face of ongoing and future educational disruptions.

Leadership Behavior on Organizational Performance in Indonesian Government

This research generally aims to determine the influence of leadership behaviour on organizational performance through the values of religiosity and organizational commitment in the Jambi provincial government. Based on an understanding of these objectives, the researcher used the Grand Theory a human resource management which is related to the Middle Range Theory is organizational behaviour which is the scientific parent of the research and the Applied Theory used in this research is the Leadership Style Theory: Leadership behaviour Approach, Religiosity, commitment and performance, each of which can be specifically reduced into variables as well as the relationship between the grand theory with middle range theory, the respondents in this study were all civil servants in the Jambi Provincial Government. The total sample of respondents was 387 people. To find out whether the model created based on observational data matches the theoretical model or not, a model match index is needed. The results of this research found that leadership behaviour through religiosity values and organizational commitment has an influence on organizational performance in the Jambi provincial government.

ISLAMIC AND WESTERN HYBRID SYMBOLS IN CONTEMPORARY MOSQUE ARCHITECTURE IN INDONESIA'S REFORM ERA

In Indonesia, there is an ongoing trend toward a rise in modern mosque architecture without domes and traditional identity. Although contemporary mosque architecture is increasing in Indonesia and the world, the concept still generates debate among Islamic society and intellectuals. This study aims to analyze how the conception of symbols and meaning, the architectural style of contemporary mosques in the Indonesian Reformation Era can be accepted by society. The study method is qualitative, by applying library and research field studies. Procedure data collection using method interview, observation, and documentation. The objects of his research are the Assamawaat Mosque-Tangerang, Muhammadiyah PP A-Tanrim Mosque-Central Jakarta, Jami' Darussalam Mosque-Central Jakarta, Al Azhar Bekasi Mosque, Asmaul Husna Bekasi Mosque, Al Safar KM88 Mosque-Cipularang, Merapi Mosque-Jogyakarta, Al Ikhlas Mosque /Honeycomb-Sidoarjo's. This research applied the theory of Roland Bartes semiotic approach; the sacred and profane meaning, Charles Jenks theory to obtain the Symbol Theory of contemporary mosque architectural styles in the Indonesian reform era, and Sayyed H Nasr for Philosophy of Islamic architecture. The findings and results of the study are Contemporary Mosque Architecture in Indonesia, Symbolizing the Hybrid of Islam, and the West. So, Islamic and Western cultures live and develop well in Indonesia. I recommend the results of this research to architectural practitioners, academics, and the public to be applied to contemporary mosque designs.

A Phenomenological and Stylistic Review of the Anthology of Penunggu Makam Poetry

The purpose of this study is to reveal the phenomenological and stylistic aspects of the Penunggu Makam (Grave Keeper) poetry anthology. The study in this study is based on the theory of phenomenology or stratum norms and stylistic theory. This study uses a qualitative approach. The method used is descriptive qualitative method, namely by describing and analyzing poetry from phenomenological aspects or normative and stylistic strata. The phenomenological aspect of the poems in the anthology of Penunggu Makam is thematically colored by the issue of death which is colored by sadness, sadness and loneliness. The problem of death is also a general concept of human life that all of them will surely die. In the stylistic aspect, there are several language explorations. Exploration of natural images appears in most of the poems. Figure of speech also appears in this poem with dominant personification figure of speech wrapped in natural images. At the level of diction, there is also an exploration of concrete dictions with their inherent characteristics. The words used in this poem are widely known by the public. Nevertheless, the diction used by the poet makes this poem have such a deep meaning and makes the reader immersed in the atmosphere and feelings felt by the poet in line after line of his poem or poem.

THE STYLE OF THE MODERN GERMAN FABLE ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE FABLE TEXTS AND THE FABLE CONCEPT BY V. LIEBHEN (IN THE LINGUISTIC SYNERGETIC ASPECT)

The article carries out a systematic analysis of the fable texts and the theoretical concepts of the fable, which belong to the famous German fabulist and theoretician of the fable, parable, and joke, Wilfried Liebchen. It was been proven that his fables and concepts are included in the general evolutionary-synergistic model of the development of the fiction genre, which was developed by the Ukrainian school of linguistic synergetics. The article presents and explains the main principles that, according to V. Liebhen, determine the existence and productivity of the fable genre. These are the principles of cognition, purpose and goal. The specifics of the components of the cognition principle are described in the fable, although, of course, every other literary genre is formed according to this principle in its own way. It is also noted that the principle of purpose in the specifics of the fable genre is the requirement of a visual illustration of a complex social phenomenon, a sociocultural factor that is easily generalizable. V. Liebhen opposes the limitations of the stylistic possibilities of the fable. Contrary to Lessing, V. Liebhen recognizes the productivity of not only the Aesopian (rhetorical) fable, but also the epic one. An analysis and evaluation of V. Liebhen fables and their role in the fable evolution of the 20th and early 21st centuries is provided. The stylistics and composition of fables of this period and ways of expressing meaning are analyzed; at the same time, it is noted that the modern fable achieves the fulfillment of the principles of its existence by other means than the fables of previous eras. In particular, in the fables of the 20th and 21st centuries, an unfinished image-symbol, a hierarchical plot appears. This creates prerequisites for a comprehensive perception of the idea of a fable by the reader. According to our observations, the modern fable reflects the realities due to its deep synergetic nature. Namely, it contains deep contradictions in its structure and meaning, which it creatively resolves, and also depends during its formation on attractors, which can be classified into separate groups (social, thematic, stylistic). So, the modern fable is a synergetic system. The conducted research is a contribution to the general synergetic theory of fiction style and to stylistic synergetics.

ANALISIS GAYA MUSIKAL PADA GENDING LAGU "JALI-JALI" KARYA KOKO KOSWARA

"Jali-Jali" is a musical composition in the form of sekar gending (song with musical accompaniment) composed by Koko Koswara in 1970 using gamelan salendro. The main musical pattern used the Sundanese musical pattern and the gambang Kromong musical pattern. The unique musical characteristics of the combination of two different musical backgrounds are the main attraction for researchers to study 2 (two) aspects, namely musical form and style. The theory used in this research is the science of musical form by Karl-Edmund Prier SJ and the style theory from Bruno Nettl. The science of musical form is used to analyze melodic aspects (motives, sequences, phrases, and periods), and Bruno Nettl's theory of style is used to analyze Koko Koswara's musical style. The results of this research illustrate that Koko adapted several characteristics of the original "Jali-Jali" song from Betawi was combined with Sundanese music into the "Jali-Jali" song as a result of his arrangement so that the unique composition that Koko created was very different from Koko's musical works another.

Language Style in Advertising: A Study of the Print Media

This study investigates the language style of English commercial advertisements in the print media. The study seeks to find out the kinds of language and style mostly used in English advertisement; this is because previous studies in stylistics have concentrated on the literary approach to stylistics. This study finds this technique very one-sided and subsequently proposes a dual approach to the analysis of the language style of advertisement. The research employs William Well’s stylistic theory as a theoretical construct. The analyses used the descriptive approach. The research used note taking as the instrument to elicit data. We found out that the personification style is mostly used and the occurrence in our corpus is about four times; it is followed by alliteration style which occurs in three advertisements and assonance style which occurs twice in our corpora. The next is the use of simile, anastrophe, apostrophes, asyndeton, poly-asyndeton, and chiasmus styles which appeared once in the advertisements. The advertisements also used narrative style, dramatic style, newsy style, dialogue style, and humorous style. The study concludes that in the use of personification and alliteration styles, the creators of the advertisements mostly seek to use simple and interesting style to create pleasant, mellifluous, captivating sentences, which will persuade, influence, and capture the readers’ attention to patronize their products.

EEG-based affective computing in virtual reality with a balancing of the computational efficiency and recognition accuracy

The field of VR-EEG affective computing is rapidly progressing. However, it faces challenges such as lacking a solid psychological theory foundation, limited classification accuracy, and high computational costs. This study established a standardized VR video library to elicit emotions. Participants viewed positive, negative, and neutral VR videos while EEG data was collected. Grounded in the Affective Style Theory, this research proposes an emotion valence recognition strategy in VR that balances computational efficiency and classification accuracy through multidimensional complementary feature extraction from EEG signals, feature selection or dimensionality reduction coupled with classifiers, and optimal frequency band selection. The research findings indicate that multidimensional complementary feature extraction in frequency and spatial domains can enhance recognition performance. Notably, the theta frequency band features are pivotal in emotion valence recognition within VR environments. Strategies like PCA-RF and RBFNN outperform existing methods, achieving an average classification accuracy of up to 95.6% while maintaining computational efficiency. In terms of theoretical contributions, the study enhances our understanding of emotional perception consistency and variability under the Affective Style Theory, offering insights into individual emotional state recognition. In practical terms, it emphasizes efficiency-accuracy balance, making integrating VR-EEG affective computation technology into a broader range of applications feasible.

Interactional Styles Used by Raymond Chin in the Close the Door podcast Miskin Bukan Privilege

Interactional styles not only reflect on the gender of the speaker but also the “dominant attitudes” that they produce. In this study, the writer focuses on analyzing a podcast video on a social media platform, which is Raymond Chin in the Close the Door podcast Miskin Bukan Privilege (Being Poor is not a Privilege) on YouTube. This study is done by the writer to find the features of interactional styles used by Raymond Chin as a guest in the Close the Door podcast Miskin Bukan Privilege on YouTube. Additionally, the writer identifies the usage of interactional style that Raymond utilizes in the podcast regarding the bogus investments. In managing this study, the writer uses the theory of interactional styles by Holmes (2006). Moreover, this study uses a qualitative approach. As a result, this study shows that Raymond uses both feminine and masculine interactional styles in the Close the Door podcast Miskin Bukan Privilege. In short, Raymond Chin dominantly uses a feminine interactional style because he is trying to cover up what really happened regarding bogus investments. Besides that, Raymond Chin uses masculine when the host of the podcast succeeds in provoking him to answer the questions regarding the bogus investments.

Aleida’s Poisonous Parenting Styles in Orange is the New Black

This paper aims to provide an analysis into the specific type of poisonous parenting style Aleida Diaz has in Orange is the New Black, the reason behind her adoption of such poisonous parenting styles and the resulting consequences on herself. In analyzing Aleida’s parenting, we use Dunham & Dermer’s theory of poisonous parenting styles, specifically the Dismissive and Contemptuous Parent, combined with Baumrind’s Uninvolved or Neglectful Parenting Style that includes consequences of such parenting styles. In addition, we also use Mother-Daughter Relationship theory to understand the underlying reason behind Aleida’s adoption of these poisonous parenting styles. We divide the analysis into three parts. In the first part, we analyze what kind of mother Aleida is. In the second part, we analyze why she adopts such parenting styles. In the third part, we analyze what consequences she experiences as a result of her poisonous parenting styles. Ultimately, the finding will reveal that there is a vicious cycle of these poisonous parenting styles that turns out to be difficult to break from one generation to the next.

The Analysis of Language Style Found in “Clouds” Movie

This research entitled The Analysis of Language Style Found in Clouds Movie. in this research, the discussion is focused on language style and the factor that influences the use of language style found in Clouds Movie. This research aimed to find the types of language style and the factor in Clouds Movie. Furthermore, this research used qualitative descriptive method. It was done by applying some steps. First, the data was downloaded from website browser movie subtitle entitled “Clouds”. After that, the movie was watched and then made the transcript. The next step, understanding the conversation of each character to find out the type of language style and the factor that influence the language style in the movie. The last step was collecting all the data and analyze it based on the theories. The theories applied in this paper were the theory of language style by Martin Joos and the theory of factor by Holmes. The result shows there are three language style used in it, namely casual style, consultative style, and intimate style. In addition, the factor that influences the use of language style in Clouds Movie, were participants, topic, setting, and function.

Learning Style of Middle School Students (SMP) in Manggarai, Flores, Indonesia

This study aims to identify the forms of learning styles of junior high school students in Manggarai. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach. The variable of identifying forms of learning styles became the single variable in this study. The research population was all students of grade 1, 2 and 3 of SMP Negeri 1 Langke Rembong in Ruteng, Manggarai Regency. Random sampling was used as a sampling technique. The questionnaire of the forms of learning styles of students was used as a research instrument, and was prepared based on the learning style theory of De Poter and Hernacki. The results showed that students of SMP Negeri 1 Langke Rembong had varied learning styles. Of the 118 students studied, it was found that most students had a tendency to have a visual learning style. Based on data analysis, it is obtained that on average students have a visual learning style of 47%, and 25% of students have an auditorial learning style, while 28% of students have a kinesthetic learning style.