Stylistic Phenomena Research Articles

SECTOR LANGUAGE IN THE NOMINATIVE FIELD OF THE COMPLEX CONCEPT WORD / LANGUAGE / SPEECH

The article is dedicated to the study of the complex concept WORD / LANGUAGE / SPEECH and its medial zone in the naïve picture of the world within a framework of a new scientific direction – dual linguistics: scientific and naive interpretation of language in the English lexicography. The study of the verbalized concept involves, first of all, the formation of its nominative field, i.e. the collection and structuring into a single whole of all nominative units that denote core concepts, together with their vocabulary definitions. The factual material obtained in this way allows a careful analysis of the etymology and semantics of all collected lexical items. The complex concept WORD / LANGUAGE / SPEECH, which is verbalized by nominative units extracted from English general lexicographic sources, is considered. The nuclear zone of the naïve picture of the world counts three lexemes (which together contain 42 sememes), among which 161 semes have been filtered by means of seme analysis method. The most common semanteme, present in all nuclear lexemes, is the idea of the bilateral nature of any communicative unit. All of the nuclear zone lexemes in the primary dictionary position contain the seme, which emphasizes the unity of content and form of the phenomena under consideration. The medial zone of the nominative field of the verbalized WORD / LANGUAGE / SPEECH complex concept is many times bigger and more variable in comparison with the nuclear zone. It includes more than 700 lexical units with semantic components language, speech, communication. According to the thematic principle, the collected material was divided into 6 sectors: communication; units of language, speech; discourse, text; phonetical, grammatical and stylistic phenomena; language / dialect / slang, speaker; linguistics. The thematic sector language / dialect / slang, the speaker comprises 40 vocabulary units, which nominate: a) the concept of language as a means of communication and its territorial, social and professional subtypes, and b) the concept of a person who speaks / does not speak a language or uses the language.

“That Peculiarly Spanish Style”

The architectural forms associated with the aesthetic phenomenon that has come to be known as mudéjar and visual elements tied to Iberian and Islamic architectural traditions more broadly have been interpreted across modern Latin America in various modes. A wide array of buildings spanning from the colonial era into the twentieth century engage with this architectural legacy and distinctly stand out within the urban fabric of the continent’s major capitals today. Whether reflected in the intricately geometric woodwork of colonial-era ceilings known as carpentería de lo blanco or via the mashrabiya-inspired screened breezeways that punctuate modern Brazilian pavilions, such architectonic techniques and design criteria evoke imaginaries tied to South America’s colonial past via references to an Ibero-Islamic aesthetic. Recent calls to reexamine diverse historiographic and architectonic interpretations of the so-called mudéjar or other revivalist forms associated with the Islamic world in Latin America, along with their connections to nationalism and orientalism, invite a critical reconsideration of these constructions from a decolonial perspective within this regional context. Responding to these inquiries, this dialectical collection of essays spans diverse geographies and periods to expand upon contemporary interrogations of modern historiographic and design interpretations of the built forms associated with the mudéjar and Ibero-Islamic architectural traditions in modern Latin America. Together, they present fresh case studies and perspectives while asserting that a strategic reading of the stylistic phenomenon and its architectural echoes in Latin America is not simply the result of an external influence in the region but part of a broader complex discourse of modernity.

Cobogó and the Coloniality of the Brise-Soleil

The architectural forms associated with the aesthetic phenomenon that has come to be known as mudéjar and visual elements tied to Iberian and Islamic architectural traditions more broadly have been interpreted across modern Latin America in various modes. A wide array of buildings spanning from the colonial era into the twentieth century engage with this architectural legacy and distinctly stand out within the urban fabric of the continent’s major capitals today. Whether reflected in the intricately geometric woodwork of colonial-era ceilings known as carpentería de lo blanco or via the mashrabiya-inspired screened breezeways that punctuate modern Brazilian pavilions, such architectonic techniques and design criteria evoke imaginaries tied to South America’s colonial past via references to an Ibero-Islamic aesthetic. Recent calls to reexamine diverse historiographic and architectonic interpretations of the so-called mudéjar or other revivalist forms associated with the Islamic world in Latin America, along with their connections to nationalism and orientalism, invite a critical reconsideration of these constructions from a decolonial perspective within this regional context. Responding to these inquiries, this dialectical collection of essays spans diverse geographies and periods to expand upon contemporary interrogations of modern historiographic and design interpretations of the built forms associated with the mudéjar and Ibero-Islamic architectural traditions in modern Latin America. Together, they present fresh case studies and perspectives while asserting that a strategic reading of the stylistic phenomenon and its architectural echoes in Latin America is not simply the result of an external influence in the region but part of a broader complex discourse of modernity.

Introduction to the Dialogues on Rethinking Interpretations of the Mudéjar and Its Revivals in Modern Latin America

The architectural forms associated with the aesthetic phenomenon that has come to be known as mudéjar and visual elements tied to Iberian and Islamic architectural traditions more broadly have been interpreted across modern Latin America in various modes. A wide array of buildings spanning from the colonial era into the twentieth century engage with this architectural legacy and distinctly stand out within the urban fabric of the continent’s major capitals today. Whether reflected in the intricately geometric woodwork of colonial-era ceilings known as carpentería de lo blanco or via the mashrabiya-inspired screened breezeways that punctuate modern Brazilian pavilions, such architectonic techniques and design criteria evoke imaginaries tied to South America’s colonial past via references to an Ibero-Islamic aesthetic. Recent calls to reexamine diverse historiographic and architectonic interpretations of the so-called mudéjar or other revivalist forms associated with the Islamic world in Latin America, along with their connections to nationalism and orientalism, invite a critical reconsideration of these constructions from a decolonial perspective within this regional context. Responding to these inquiries, this dialectical collection of essays spans diverse geographies and periods to expand upon contemporary interrogations of modern historiographic and design interpretations of the built forms associated with the mudéjar and Ibero-Islamic architectural traditions in modern Latin America. Together, they present fresh case studies and perspectives while asserting that a strategic reading of the stylistic phenomenon and its architectural echoes in Latin America is not simply the result of an external influence in the region but part of a broader complex discourse of modernity.

Modernizing the Mexican Bajío through Mudéjar

The architectural forms associated with the aesthetic phenomenon that has come to be known as mudéjar and visual elements tied to Iberian and Islamic architectural traditions more broadly have been interpreted across modern Latin America in various modes. A wide array of buildings spanning from the colonial era into the twentieth century engage with this architectural legacy and distinctly stand out within the urban fabric of the continent’s major capitals today. Whether reflected in the intricately geometric woodwork of colonial-era ceilings known as carpentería de lo blanco or via the mashrabiya-inspired screened breezeways that punctuate modern Brazilian pavilions, such architectonic techniques and design criteria evoke imaginaries tied to South America’s colonial past via references to an Ibero-Islamic aesthetic. Recent calls to reexamine diverse historiographic and architectonic interpretations of the so-called mudéjar or other revivalist forms associated with the Islamic world in Latin America, along with their connections to nationalism and orientalism, invite a critical reconsideration of these constructions from a decolonial perspective within this regional context. Responding to these inquiries, this dialectical collection of essays spans diverse geographies and periods to expand upon contemporary interrogations of modern historiographic and design interpretations of the built forms associated with the mudéjar and Ibero-Islamic architectural traditions in modern Latin America. Together, they present fresh case studies and perspectives while asserting that a strategic reading of the stylistic phenomenon and its architectural echoes in Latin America is not simply the result of an external influence in the region but part of a broader complex discourse of modernity.

La arquitectura de Julio Vilamajó

The architectural forms associated with the aesthetic phenomenon that has come to be known as mudéjar and visual elements tied to Iberian and Islamic architectural traditions more broadly have been interpreted across modern Latin America in various modes. A wide array of buildings spanning from the colonial era into the twentieth century engage with this architectural legacy and distinctly stand out within the urban fabric of the continent’s major capitals today. Whether reflected in the intricately geometric woodwork of colonial-era ceilings known as carpentería de lo blanco or via the mashrabiya-inspired screened breezeways that punctuate modern Brazilian pavilions, such architectonic techniques and design criteria evoke imaginaries tied to South America’s colonial past via references to an Ibero-Islamic aesthetic. Recent calls to reexamine diverse historiographic and architectonic interpretations of the so-called mudéjar or other revivalist forms associated with the Islamic world in Latin America, along with their connections to nationalism and orientalism, invite a critical reconsideration of these constructions from a decolonial perspective within this regional context. Responding to these inquiries, this dialectical collection of essays spans diverse geographies and periods to expand upon contemporary interrogations of modern historiographic and design interpretations of the built forms associated with the mudéjar and Ibero-Islamic architectural traditions in modern Latin America. Together, they present fresh case studies and perspectives while asserting that a strategic reading of the stylistic phenomenon and its architectural echoes in Latin America is not simply the result of an external influence in the region but part of a broader complex discourse of modernity.

Azulejos neo-árabes en la arquitectura de Buenos Aires (1920–1950)

The architectural forms associated with the aesthetic phenomenon that has come to be known as mudéjar and visual elements tied to Iberian and Islamic architectural traditions more broadly have been interpreted across modern Latin America in various modes. A wide array of buildings spanning from the colonial era into the twentieth century engage with this architectural legacy and distinctly stand out within the urban fabric of the continent’s major capitals today. Whether reflected in the intricately geometric woodwork of colonial-era ceilings known as carpentería de lo blanco or via the mashrabiya-inspired screened breezeways that punctuate modern Brazilian pavilions, such architectonic techniques and design criteria evoke imaginaries tied to South America’s colonial past via references to an Ibero-Islamic aesthetic. Recent calls to reexamine diverse historiographic and architectonic interpretations of the so-called mudéjar or other revivalist forms associated with the Islamic world in Latin America, along with their connections to nationalism and orientalism, invite a critical reconsideration of these constructions from a decolonial perspective within this regional context. Responding to these inquiries, this dialectical collection of essays spans diverse geographies and periods to expand upon contemporary interrogations of modern historiographic and design interpretations of the built forms associated with the mudéjar and Ibero-Islamic architectural traditions in modern Latin America. Together, they present fresh case studies and perspectives while asserting that a strategic reading of the stylistic phenomenon and its architectural echoes in Latin America is not simply the result of an external influence in the region but part of a broader complex discourse of modernity.

Motive of “Liberated Soul” as a World-Modeling Universal in Lyrics of S. Parnok

The article is devoted to the analysis of the motif-figurative paradigm of the Silver Age poetess S. Parnok’s lyrics. The author’s attention is focused on the ways of stylistic representation of the world-modeling universals of the poetic world of S. Parnok, an important place among which belongs to the motive of the “liberated soul”. It is a starting point in the construction of the author’s picture of the world, in the center of which the path of the lyrical heroine to her soul underlies: its comprehension, acceptance of its contradictions and embodiment in a creative act. The novelty of the study is in the analysis of S. Parnok’s lyrics as an integral compositional and stylistic unity, structured by poetic leitmotifs. The relevance of the article is due to the appeal to the problematic field of research on poetic style. The authors made an attempt to deepen and expand scientific ideas about the stylistic phenomenon of women’s poetry of the Silver Age based on the analysis of S. Parnok’s lyrics. The conclusions of the study substantiate the semantic load and the functional role of the “liberated soul” motif in structuring the author’s poetic picture of the world. It is shown that the leading methods of its representation are metaphorization, epithets, including synesthetic ones, antithesis, oxymoron, at the level of syntactic organization — gradation, enjambment technique.

Beauty and truth, truth and beauty: Chiastic structure increases the subjective accuracy of statements.

The Keats heuristic suggests that people find esthetically pleasing expressions more accurate than mundane expressions. We test this notion with chiastic statements. Chiasmus is a stylistic phenomenon in which at least two linguistic constituents are repeated in reverse order, conventionally represented by the formula A-B-B-A. Our study focuses on the specific form of chiasmus known as antimetabole, in which the reverse-repeated constituents are words (e.g., All for one and one for all; A = all, B = one). In three out of four experiments (N = 797), we find evidence that people judge antimetabolic statements (e.g., Success is getting what you want. Happiness is wanting what you get.) as more accurate than semantically equivalent nonantimetabolic statements (e.g., Success is getting what you wish. Happiness is wanting what you receive.). Furthermore, we evaluate fluency as a potential mechanism explaining the observed accuracy benefit afforded to antimetabolic statements, finding that the increased speed (i.e., fluency) with which antimetabolic statements were processed predicted judgments of accuracy. Overall, the present work is consistent with the growing literature on stylistic factors biasing assessments of truth, using the distinctive stylistic pattern of antimetabole. We find that information communicated using an antimetabolic structure is judged to be more accurate than nonantimetabolic paraphrases. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

SECTOR LINGUISTICS IN THE NOMINATIVE FIELD OF THE COMPLEX CONCEPT WORD / LANGUAGE / SPEECH

The article is dedicated to the study of the complex concept WORD / LANGUAGE / SPEECH and its medial zone in the naïve picture of the world within a framework of a new scientific direction – dual linguistics: scientific and naive interpretation of language in the English lexicography. The complex concept WORD / LANGUAGE / SPEECH, which is verbalized by nominative units extracted from English general lexicographic sources, is considered. The nuclear zone of the naïve picture of the world counts three lexemes (which together contain 42 sememes), among which 161 semes have been filtered by means of seme analysis method. The most common semanteme, present in all nuclear lexemes, is the idea of the bilateral nature of any communicative unit. All of the nuclear zone lexemes in the primary dictionary position contain the seme, which emphasizes the unity of content and form of the phenomena under consideration. The medial zone of the nominative field of the verbalized WORD / LANGUAGE / SPEECH complex concept is many times bigger and more variable in comparison with the nuclear zone. It includes more than 700 lexical units with semantic components language, speech, communication. According to the thematic principle, the collected material was divided into 6 sectors: communication; units of language, speech; discourse, text; phonetical, grammatical and stylistic phenomena; language / dialect / slang, speaker; linguistics. The analysis of the relevant part of the sample made it possible to understand how the average native English speaker, without being an expert in the field of linguistics, represents a holistic system of language learning and individual components of this system. Dictionaries clearly differentiate between two branches of human language: linguistics, which is the scientific study of language structure, grammar, syntax, and phonetics, and philology, which is the field of scientific knowledge about the structure, historical development, and connections of language to other languages.

«Благая весть» Венедикта Ерофеева и модель библейской риторики

This paper analyzes one of the earliest works by Venedikt Erofeev — the tale Blagaja vest’ (The Good news, 1962). This early and unfinished work, which vanished sometime after being read by a small group of Erofeev’s acquaintances and which has only partially survived, relies on the Bible as its most significant intertext, both on an aesthetic and linguistic level: Erofeev uses not only biblical allusions, motifs, references or quotations but also stylistic and rhetorical devices, typically employed by biblical authors. The aim of this article is to explore how and why Erofeev employs these strategies. The purpose is to apply to such a postmodern text a method known as rhetorical analysis. Particular attention is devoted to the essential characteristics of biblical rhetoric (binarity and parataxis) and to compositional figures, such as parallelism and chiasmus. Intertextual and intratextual relations and linguistic or stylistic phenomena will be considered as well. The analysis will note that the composition of Erofeev’s work clearly obeys the same principles of biblical rhetoric. Nevertheless in Blagaja vest’ these formal devises are used in an unexpected and unusual way. The author of this paper also emphasizes the important role that Blagaja vest’ plays in Erofeev’s entire œuvre: although it is an early work, it already prefigures the major qualities of Erofeev’s unique prose.

ЛЕКСИЧНІ, ГРАМАТИЧНІ ТА СТИЛІСТИЧНІ НЕГАТИВНІ ЯВИЩА В МОВІ МАСОВОЇ КУЛЬТУРИ ЯПОНІЇ (НА ПРИКЛАДІ МОВИ ЯПОНСЬКИХ МОДНИХ ЖУРНАЛІВ)

The paper is devoted to the analysis of lexical, grammatical and stylistic destructive phenomena typical for the language of mass culture, based on the material of the Japanese fashion magazine "Cosmopolitan Japan". In the field of the vocabulary of the language of fashion magazines, we observe a proliferation of unmotivated English borrowings, which mostly duplicate the meaning of genuine Japanese words, and therefore do not enrich the lexicon. A considerable number of such words are incomprehensible to Japanese readers, and therefore play not an informative, but an emotional role, decorating the text and making it "fashionable" and "stylish". The number of English borrowings in a fashion magazine may even exceed the number of Japanese words. In the field of morphology, a characteristic feature of the language of mass culture is the presence of hybrid units as the result of hybrid word formation and are mostly formed according to the "English borrowing + Japanese suffix" model. This method is the most common in creating verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. The created morphological hybrids do not correspond to either Japanese or English word formation norms, and therefore are a destructive phenomenon that negatively affects the language. In the field of syntax, we observe an overuse of syntactic expressive figures, in particular those based on missing speech components (ellipsis, nominative sentences). The predicate (or its verb part) usually undergoes reduction, which makes such sentences fragmentary, similar to spontaneous speech of a colloquial and everyday nature. Excessive use of ellipsis and nominative sentences interferes with the established syntactic norms of the Japanese language. The overuse of parcellation as a phenomenon that destroys the traditional syntactic structure of the Japanese sentence (which is characterized by a fixed order of words) seems to be equally destructive. A negative stylistic phenomenon is also the mixing of expressive styles and the indistinction of speech registers, which is also critical for the Japanese language, that is characterized by a category of politeness and a clear distinction between "high" and "low" styles. The above-mentioned phenomena are destructive, interfering with the recipient's "sense of language" and language norms, which can lead to a significant decline in language culture among young people being the main consumers of mass culture.

EMOTIONALLY EXPRESSIVE LEXICAL UNITS RENDERING IN THE PROCESS OF FICTION TEXT TRANSLATION (BASED ON MATERIAL FROM «MATILDA» BY ROALD DAHL)

Objective. The objective of the article is to to identify and describe the means of transmitting emotionally expressive information in translation. Methods. The main scientific results are obtained applying a set of general scientific and special methods of research, namely: analysis and generalization of scientific literature on the problems of emotionally coloured lexical unit rendering; theoretical generalization, analysis and synthesis; holistic and integral approaches to the study of stylistic phenomena; comparative, descriptive and analytical methods. Results. On the basis of comparative analysis the authors investigate the problem of stylistically coloured lexical units rendering in translation process of the story «Matilda» by Roald Dahl. Having studied the available literature on this issue, the authors state that the term «emotionally coloured lexical unit» is considered as a lexical unit that carries an emotional assessment in relation to an object, containing a sensual background. A characteristic feature of this kind of lexical units is their connotative meanings, that is, the polysemy of their meaning and the presence of a certain emotional stress in them. It is highlighted that for a competent literary translation, it is necessary to pay attention to the following factors: semantics of the lexical unit, context, colouring, peculiarities of use. When translating emotionally coloured vocabulary, it is most expedient to use the principle of equivalent translation, i.e. to translate an emotionally-coloured lexical unit of the original with an emotionally-coloured lexical unit in the target language. In cases where this is impossible, it is necessary to compensate for the lost emotional colouring. The rendering of emotionally coloured lexical units of the original should be based not only on lexical and syntactic correspondences. More important in this light is the task of preserving the tropes and figures of speech, in order to convey the artistic stylistics of the work. The analysis made it possible to reveal the presence in the text of a large number of emotionally coloured lexical units. Also, cases of translation of neutral lexical units, which were transferred into Ukrainian with an emotional connotation were identified. In the overwhelming majority of cases, the translator has correctly conveyed the emotional colouring inherent in the original. Deviations from the original, in general, did not affect the overall picture of the translation.

Discursive Aesthetic Impact Strategies in Medieval Literary Texts

The paper deals with the matter investigating the nature of the aesthetic impact of the belles-lettres style being generated within the scope of great transfer from high Middle Ages to the start of Renaissance. In course of the analysis, some traditional ideas and terms adopted in the historical stylistics are used. The mentioned ideas turned up into being during the period of its discrimination from other disciplines of linguistic historical cycle. Acquired linguistic independence charged the ideas with the function of marking the borders between the historical stylistics and other disciplines mentioned. One of the markers of the type is the voluminous historism, i.e., co-relationship between stylistic phenomena and the context of their existing. Flexible borders of the latter regulated by targets and tasks of the proper research can be extended up to the certain type of culture. Importance of a special character gained by the medieval culture during the period of the international Gothic dominating when considered as a type of a context necessary for analysing the belles-lettres style generating corresponds to the importance of combining philological and non-philological kinds of practice and induced by the purpose to enrich the analysis as well as to increase the research output verification. It is suggested that the analysis of the elements of another semiotic nature presented by types and illustrations highly important for discursive strategies to influence the recipient should be thought of as an instance of a combination of the kind. One of the mighty instruments of the mentioned sort of the esthetic impact is the medieval illuminated book of the epoch of the international Gothic (XIV - XV centuries) dominating within the borders of European cultural space. Soft power, immanent to it, id est, some ability to modify emotional state of consciousness and behaviour of a recipient is characterised by semiotic attractionness and cognitive power, and embodies one of the type of strategies of the kind.

Handelen in behandeling

Abstract Acting in treatment: A linguistic-stylistic study of correlations between language use and well-being The aim of this article is to show what a linguistic-stylistic approach can offer for the study of correlations between language use and well-being, in which quantitative and qualitative analysis go hand in hand. As a case study, we investigate whether there are differences in the language used by recovered and non-recovered adolescents who followed the online FitNet treatment for chronic fatique syndrome (CFS). More specifically, we analyzed whether there are differences between both groups in their use of five linguistic means that hide agency. Our results indicate that this is the case indeed: non-recovered patients used these linguistic means more often than recovered patients. In addition, both patient groups show a different development during the therapy: while non-recovered patients increased their use of these stylistic phenomena during the treatment, recovered patients decreased their use of these same phenomena. As such, our study shows that there is indeed a correlation between the use of certain formulations in the language used by patients with CFS and (a change in) their well-being. It is argued that the linguistic means that we investigated, could not have been analysed with a purely computational approach, and that a linguistic-stylistic approach is thus of added value for studying correlations between language use and recovery.

معالم تربوية مستفادة من أسلوب الحوار وآداب الخطابة والكلام في سورة مريم

This study explores one of the most active and productive educational methods; hence, this stylistic phenomenon has its importance in embellishing discourse and speech with respect to diverse opinions. Nowadays, societies love discussions and debating especially Middle-East ones. A simple discussion may lead to a different topic and escalates into a hot debate that may be accompanied by verbal and physical conflicts rather than tolerance and the spirit of acceptance. Active dialogues and politeness in selecting words are evidences of the nations’ awareness, as they are considered to be the effective methods of dialogues and the advancement of society. This paper is divided into an introduction, definitions of terms and three sections. Firstly, the dialogues in Surah Maryam. Secondly, the etiquettes of rhetoric and talks in Surah Maryam. Thirdly, the applied educational milestone from the methods of dialogue and their etiquettes in the Surah. The importance of this research shows the fact that the dialogue styles and their etiquettes are the most important pillars in the process of people’s communication, and the convergence of views among opponents and disputants. The dialogue and its etiquettes provide the most appropriate conditions for conflict resolution, compromise and consensus which reflect positive influence on human relationships among community individuals. The main objective of the study is to highlight the ways to strengthen brotherhood and human cooperation. This method and its etiquettes can be also used to renounce clash and conflicts among people and community; besides, it can be a good attempt to replace those negative points with taking the best of opinions through spreading the causes of harmony, love, goodness and peace. The most important study results are: adhering the rules of a proper dialogue to change of many nowadays conflicts into a peaceful dialogue, happiness, reduce rivalry or quarrels, and removing many obstacles in front of the people and community.

COMPLEX CONCEPT WORD / LANGUAGE / SPEECH AS A FRAGMENT OF THE NAIVE PICTURE OF THE WORLD (based on explanatory and phraseological dictionaries of the English language)

The article is dedicated to the study of the complex concept WORD / LANGUAGE / SPEECH in the naïve picture of the world within a framework of a new scientific direction – dual linguistics: scientific and naive interpretation of language in the English lexicography. The complex concept WORD / LANGUAGE / SPEECH, which is verbalized by nominative units extracted from English general lexicographic sources, is considered. The nuclear zone of the naïve picture of the world counts three lexemes (which together contain 42 sememes), among which 161 semes have been filtered by means of seme analysis method. The most common semanteme, present in all nuclear lexemes, is the idea of the bilateral nature of any communicative unit. All of the nuclear zone lexemes in the primary dictionary position contain the seme, which emphasizes the unity of content and form of the phenomena under consideration. The medial zone of the nominative field of the verbalized WORD / LANGUAGE / SPEECH complex concept is many times bigger and more variable in comparison with the nuclear zone. It includes more than 700 lexical units with semantic components language, speech, communication. According to the thematic principle, the collected material was divided into 6 sectors: communication; units of language, speech; discourse, text; phonetical, grammatical and stylistic phenomena; language / dialect / slang, speaker; linguistics. Our analysis showed, that the peripheral zone of the nominative field of the complex WORD / LANGUAGE / SPEECH concept in the naive picture of the world is verbalized by phraseological units of the English language: idioms, paremias and proverbs (a total of more than 800 dictionary articles). They highlight different ethical and linguocultural stereotypes of the English-speaking ethnic group.

The poetic of deviation in the poem of African songs by the poet Mohammed Al-Fitouri

The importance of this study comes from the study of stylistic deviation, in one of the texts that represents the early experience of Muhammad al-Fitouri. The study aimed to reveal the artistic value of the poem (Songs of Africa) that carried the title of the first Diwan issued by Al-Fitouri in the year 1955, so the study analyzed the stylistic phenomena dominated in three levels of stylistic deviation in the poem, namely: substitution deviation, synthesis deviation, and phonetic deviation. The study uses the poetic approach that enables the researcher to monitor the linguistic facts under which the studied poetic discourse directs an artistic and aesthetic point of view. The study appeared that the text, which studied, contained many stylistic techniques that contributed to enriching his poetry and in carrying the poet's vision of colonialism and his practices against the African peoples. At the level of substitution deviation, the present techniques were the metaphor and the metonymy image. At the structural level, it emerges the interrogative style and the repetition style that includes appeal, negation, and pronouns. At the vocal level, the two predominant phonemic phenomena were the rhythm of sounds, and the rhythm of rhyme. These stylistic techniques represented an ideal melting pot in which the semantic text structure melted into its artistic structure. As far as these stylistic techniques were artistic tools that enriched the poetry of the text, they also came to bear the rejection of the poem.

STYLISTIC PECULIARITIES OF REPRESENTATION OF POLITICAL PHENOMENA IN BRITISH NEWSPAPERS

The presented paper highlights the results of a study of the usage of different expressive means and stylistic devices for the description of Brexit as a political phenomenon in English newspaper texts. Our analysis has proved that a political discourse proliferates with the language means, which clearly realize opposition FOR – AGAINST Brexit. It has been proved that stylistic means employed in the media are determined by the conditions of communication. If the desire of the speaker is to rouse the audience and to keep it in suspense, he will use various tropes and figures of speech. Furthermore, stylistic means are closely interwoven and mutually complementary thus building up an intricate pattern. It is stressed that the sign of evaluation in the media may be conditioned by various sociocultural factors, among which are the specifics of the sociocultural space, type of publication, genre specificity of the text, individual features of communicants’ worldview. Accounting for these factors, contributes not only to a deep study of the stylistic phenomena, but also to effective communication and the creation of balanced journalistic texts, which, in its turn, will determine information and psychological comfort in society.

إبراهیم الکاتب قراءة نفسیة فی بلاغة الصورة وبلاغة الأسلوب

يهدف البحث إلى تقديم قراءة نفسية لرواية إبراهيم الکاتب للمازني وإلى الکشف عن العلاقة الوطيدة بين الرواية ومؤلفها، ذلک لأن المبدع لا يستطيع أن يبدع بعيدا عن ذاته، فهو يعبر في کل ما يقدم عن نفسه، ورغباته، ومکنوناته، وقد اعتمد البحث على التحليل مستخدما المنهج التکاملي الذي يمزج بين الأدوات التقليدية والمعاصرة، وحاول أن يحلل المحتويات الشعورية من خلال تحليل بعض الظواهر الأسلوبية، وتحليل المحتويات اللاشعورية وذلک من خلال التشکيل البياني. The research aims to evaluate a psychological reading of Ibrahim Al-Katib’s narration of Mazeni, and to reveal the strong relationship between the novel and its author, because the creator cannot innovate far from himself, as he expresses everything that presents himself, his desires, and his potentials, and the research relied on analysis using the method Integrative that mixes traditional and contemporary tools, and tried to analyze emotional contents through the analysis of some stylistic phenomena, and the analysis of unconscious contents through graphical composition