Syntax Errors Research Articles

Design of Completion Detectors in Asynchronous Communication System

In digital design, there are two types of design, synchronous design and asynchronous design. In synchronous design, global clock is one of the main system that consume a lot of power. The power in synchronous design is consumed by clock even if there is no data processing take place. The asynchronous design that depends on data is clockless and as far as the power is concerned, asynchronous design does not consume much power compared with synchronous design and this really make asynchronus design the preffered choice for low power consumption. Besides having low power consumption, there are many advantages of aynchronous design compared with synchronous design. This paper proposed new dual rail completion detector (CD), 3-6 CD, 2-7 CD and 1-4 CD for on-chip communication that are used widely in an asynchronous communication system. The design of CD is based on the principle of sum adder. The circuit is designed by using Altera Quartus II CAD tools, synthesis and implementation process is executed to check the syntax error of the design. The design proved to be successful by using asynchronous on-chip communication in the simulation.

Real-time Whiteboard Coding on Mobile Devices

Mobile devices typically support input from virtual keyboards or pen-based technologies, allowing handwriting to be a potentially viable text input solution for programming on touchscreen devices. The major problem, however, is that handwriting recognition systems are built to take advantage of the rules of natural languages rather than programming languages. In addition, mobile devices are also inherently restricted by the limitation of screen size and the inconvenient use of a virtual keyboard. In this work, we create a novel handwriting-to-code transformation system on a mobile platform to recognize and analyze source code written directly on a whiteboard or a piece of paper. First, the system recognizes and further compiles the handwritten source code into an executable program. Second, a friendly graphical user interface (GUI) is provided to visualize how manipulating different sections of code impacts the program output. Finally, the coding system supports an automatic error detection and correction mechanism to help address the common syntax and spelling errors during the process of whiteboard coding. The mobile application provides a flexible and user-friendly solution for realtime handwriting-based programming for learners under various environments where the keyboard or touchscreen input is not preferred.

JEPPY: An Interactive Pedagogical Agent to Aid Novice Programmers in Correcting Syntax Errors

Programming is a complicated task and correcting syntax error is just one among the many tasks that makes it difficult. Error messages produced by the compiler allow novice learners to know their errors. However, these messages are puzzling, and most of the times misleading due to cascading of errors, which can be detrimental to running a syntax-error free program. In most laboratory setting, it is the role of the teachers to assist their students while doing activities. However, in our experienced, considering the large number of students in a class, it may seem difficult for teachers to assist their students one-by- one given the time constraints. In this paper, the design and implementation of an interactive pedagogical agent named JEPPY is presented. It is intended to assist novice learners learning to program using C++ as a programming language. In order to see on how students struggle or progress in dealing with errors, the proponents implemented the Error Quotient (EQ) developed by Jadud. The principles of the cognitive requirements of an agent- based learning environment were followed. The agent was put into test by novice learners in a laboratory setting. Logs of interaction between the embodied agent and the participants were recorded, aside from the compile errors and edit actions. These mechanisms show us some insight on the interaction behavior of learner to the agent.

PENGUJIAN SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN MENGGUNAKAN BLACK BOX TESTING STUDI KASUS E-WISUDAWAN DI INSTITUT SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI AL-KAMAL

System development has several stages including the analysis, planning, design and implementation stages. At the implementation stage, it is divided into two, namely testing and maintaining the system. Testing is the process of checking whether a system can be run in accordance with specified standards. In general, system testing can be classified into two, namely software testing techniques and software testing strategies. Software testing techniques are classified into two groups namely white box testing and black box testing, while software testing strategies are classified into three, namely unit testing, integration testing, and validation testing. In this research software testing techniques are applied using black box testing techniques, while software testing strategies are implemented using validation testing. Black box testing technique focuses on system behavior based on the functional requirements of the system, while validation testing is carried out to ensure the compatibility of the system with the design that has been applied. In validation testing, there are two tests conducted, namely alpha testing and beta testing. E-Wisuda Institut Sains dan Teknologi Al-Kamal is a web based decision support system created to assist members of the senate in determining the best graduates, as well as being the best graduates at the graduation procession. E-Graduation decision support system test results state that the system has no syntax errors and functionally produces a system that is in accordance with user needs and the system can assist users in determining the best graduates and provide accurate results. Keyword : black box testing, software testing technique, software testing strategies

Validation of machining operations by a Virtual Numerical Controller Kernel based simulation

A Digital Production Twin of a machine tool can be accomplished with the Common Simulation Engine (CSE) based on a Virtual Numerical Controller Kernel (VNCK) of a corresponding control of a machine tool. The main advantage of the VNCK simulation lies in the detection of syntax errors, which cannot be found via a 3D-simulation. As a result, the Numerical Control (NC) code can be regarded as validated except the used machining data. In this paper, a method is presented which can validate the complete NC code before it is tested on the real machine tool.

PROBLEM OF LANGUAGE REDUNDANCY ON THE EXAMPLE OF A SCIENTIFIC TEXT

Language redundancy is an actual problem for native Russian speakers. In this article, the authors consider the issue of linguistic redundancy in written communication, and describe some of its aspects using examples derived from various scientific and popular-scientific articles in the field of humanities (psychology, linguistics, literary criticism) selected from public Internet sources. The article describes the history of the scientific study of the problem of linguistic redundancy in texts of various styles, presents a typology of examples of linguistic redundancy primarily at the level of a combination of lexical units and at the level of text construction. The research also gives arguments on the reasons for linguistic redundancy emergence and possible steps to overcome it. The object of the study is a popular-scientific and scientific text, the subject of the study are stylistic errors and elements of language redundancy. The material of the analysis is represented in the texts obtained by the method of continuous sampling from collections of scientific articles in the Russian language, posted on the Internet. In each specific example, the authors propose their own way of expressing content without unnecessary lexical units, omitting or replacing them with synonyms and synonymous expressions. The stylistic error causing the problem of linguistic redundancy is a violation of the formal connection of sentences in the text, in which the reference words or link words are repeated. The article provides their typology and examples of errors of this type. The scientific novelty of the research is primarily related to the lack of research on linguistic redundancy on the material of scientific texts In Russian. The authors of the article see the practical value and possible implementation of the results in the drawing attention of the authors of scientific texts to their works in terms of their compliance with the norm in this aspect.

The Reciprocal Teaching Model in the Development of Writing in Tenth Graders

This article presents an action research study which purpose was to determine the extent to which the Reciprocal Teaching model (RT), proposed by Palincscar and Brown (1984), impacts tenth grader’s English writing skills. The research work included: (1) A diagnostic stage to determine the participant’s initial difficulties in regards to their writing skills; (2) An action stage that consisted of the implementation of some workshops based on the RT model and focused on reading strategies, namely predicting, clarifying, questioning, and summarizing. (3) An evaluation stage where key findings indicated the usefulness of RT for building confidence in the students and for developing their writing skills as they were able to expand their vocabulary spectrum, reduce syntax errors, and improve the content, organization and punctuation of their writing. Findings also suggest that assessing writing performance through portfolios is useful to enhance the school curriculum because students engaged in their own learning and participated actively in their learning process.
 Keywords: curriculum, Reciprocal Teaching Model, reading strategies, portfolios, writing.

STUDENTS’ GRAMMATICAL ERROR IN DELIVERING THE IMPROMPTU SPEECH

The purpose of this research was to find out the types of grammatical errors frequently made by students in delivering the impromptu speech. The aim of learning a language is to be able to communicate in a right way. There is no a silent language knowledge, a language must be produced in words to achieve its goals in learning second or foreign language comprehending. Trough speaking, we can see how is a speaker skill in mastering a lang uage. A good speaker is who able to produce language which arranged as its rule. In speaking, appropriate sentence structure and context are very helping in order to gain listener‟s comprehending. In collecting the data, the researcher used documentation of video of impromptu speech. A method to analyze the error is called error analysis. The indicators are: (a) Morphology error (b) Syntax error. From these indicators, the researcher find out students‟ grammatical error in delivering the impromptu speech. In this research, the researcher found 127 errors in morphology. Those were 34 (14,5%) errors in noun, 77 (33%) errors in verb, 4 (2%) errors in adjective, 2 (1%) errors in adverb, 10 (4%) errors in preposition. In syntax was found 107 errors. Those were 26 (11%) errors in phrase, 33 (14%) errors in clause, 21 (9%) errors in sentence, and 27(11,5%) errors in intersentence. From the result, the researcher concluded that the most frequent grammatical error found in verb.

Extracting TFM Core Elements From Use Case Scenarios by Processing Structure and Text in Natural Language

Abstract Extracting core elements of Topological Functioning Model (TFM) from use case scenarios requires processing of both structure and natural language constructs in use case step descriptions. The processing steps are discussed in the present paper. Analysis of natural language constructs is based on outcomes provided by Stanford CoreNLP. Stanford CoreNLP is the Natural Language Processing pipeline that allows analysing text at paragraph, sentence and word levels. The proposed technique allows extracting actions, objects, results, preconditions, post-conditions and executors of the functional features, as well as cause-effect relations between them. However, accuracy of it is dependent on the used language constructs and accuracy of specification of event flows. The analysis of the results allows concluding that even use case specifications require the use of rigor, or even uniform, structure of paths and sentences as well as awareness of the possible parsing errors.

Automatic syntax error reporting and recovery in parsing expression grammars

Error recovery is an essential feature for a parser that should be plugged in Integrated Development Environments (IDEs), which must build Abstract Syntax Trees (ASTs) even for syntactically invalid programs in order to offer features such as automated refactoring and code completion. Parsing Expressions Grammars (PEGs) are a formalism that naturally describes recursive top-down parsers using a restricted form of backtracking. Labeled failures are a conservative extension of PEGs that adds an error reporting mechanism for PEG parsers, and these labels can also be associated with recovery expressions to provide an error recovery mechanism. These expressions can use the full expressivity of PEGs to recover from syntactic errors. Manually annotating a large grammar with labels and recovery expressions can be difficult. In this work, we present two approaches, Standard and Unique , to automatically annotate a PEG with labels, and to build their corresponding recovery expressions. The Standard approach annotates a grammar in a way similar to manual annotation, but it may insert labels incorrectly, while the Unique approach is more conservative to annotate a grammar and does not insert labels incorrectly. We evaluate both approaches by using them to generate error recovering parsers for four programming languages: Titan, C, Pascal and Java. In our evaluation, the parsers produced using the Standard approach, after a manual intervention to remove the labels incorrectly added, gave an acceptable recovery for at least 70% of the files in each language. By it turn, the acceptable recovery rate of the parsers produced via the Unique approach, without the need of manual intervention, ranged from 41% to 76%. • We discuss two approaches, Standard and Unique, to build PEG-based error recovering parsers in a more automatic way. • We build error recovering parsers for Titan, C, Pascal and Java. • Algorithm Standard, with the help of manual intervention, gives an acceptable recovery for at least 70% of the syntactically invalid files of each language. • Algorithm Unique, without manual intervention, gives an acceptable recovery rate that ranges from 41% to 76%.

Teaching Speech in the Concept of N.A. Plenkin

This article is devoted to the description of the methodological heritage of Nikolai Andreevich Plenkin. The relevance of this study is determined by the need to study the history of methodology, which can help to predict its further development. In this respect, the contribution of N.A. Plenkin to the theory and practice of teaching the Russian language is of particular significance. During the study, the scientific and methodological works by N.A. Plenkin, as well as reviews of his books and publications about him, were reviewed using the methods of scientific literature analysis, systematisation and description. N.A. Plenkin enriched the methodology of speech development during the educational process by providing an original concept of teaching coherent speech and a methodology for teaching composition writing compositions on the basis of linguistic analysis of the original text. His contribution to the development of teach- ing methods in the fields of stylistics and culture of speech is of particular practical importance. In his books and articles N.A. Plenkin theoretically substantiated the method of text analysis, developed a number of useful methodological techniques (assembling ‘fuzzy’ text, working with parallel and deformed texts, stylistic commentary and stylistic experiment, etc.) and proposed his classification of stylistic errors and a system of activities aimed at their prevention.

Corrective Feedback on Sentence Structure Errors in Writing 4 Class

This study was done to find out the types of teacher’s corrective feedback and the errors in sentence structure that had teacher’s feedback on Writing 4A students’ first drafts of their four assignments. The writer used theories from Ellis (2009) about written corrective feedback and Ho (2005) about errors in sentence structure. This study was a qualitative study. The source of data was the Writing-4A’s four students’ first draft of their four assignments. The findings showed that the teacher used one type of corrective feedback: indirect corrective feedback to both groups with Electronic Feedback as the media for group B, and group B made more errors than group A did. Most of the errors were fragmented sentences, and happened when the students wrote compound sentences. In conclusion, the teacher did not differentiate the students in giving feedback, and B-students had more difficulties in creating compound sentences. Keywords: Feedback, Written Corrective Feedback, Errors in Sentence Structure

Using human judgments to examine the validity of automated grammar, syntax, and mechanical errors in writing

This study introduces GAMET, which was developed to help writing researchers examine the types and percentages of structural and mechanical errors in texts. GAMET is a desktop application that expands LanguageTool v3.2 through a user-friendly, graphic user interface that affords the automatic assessment of writing samples for structural and mechanical errors. GAMET is freely available, works on a variety of operating systems, affords document batch processing, and groups errors into a number of structural and mechanical error categories. This study also tests LanguageTool’s validity using hand-coded assessment for accuracy and meaningfulness on first language (L1) and second language (L2) writing corpora. The study also examines how well LanguageTool replicates human coding of structural and mechanical errors in an L1 corpus as well as assesses associations between GAMET and human ratings of essay quality. Results indicate that LanguageTool can be used to successful locate errors within text. However, while the accuracy of LanguageTool is high, the recall of errors is low, especially in terms of punctuation errors. Nevertheless, the errors coded by LanguageTool show significant correlations with human ratings of writing and grammar and mechanics errors. Overall, the results indicate that while LanguageTool fails to flag a number of errors, the errors flagged provide an accurate profile of the structural and mechanical errors made by writers.

"Evidence for childhood origins of conscientiousness: Testing a developmental path from toddler age to adolescence": Correction to Kim and Kochanska (2019).

Reports an error in "Evidence for childhood origins of conscientiousness: Testing a developmental path from toddler age to adolescence" by Sanghag Kim and Grazyna Kochanska (Developmental Psychology, 2019[Jan], Vol 55[1], 196-206). In the article, due to a minor syntax error, the descriptive data for the 12-item child Conscientiousness variables (each item rated 0-4) were reported incorrectly. The correct values are as follows: Mother-rated scores, M = 30.41, SD = 10.09, range 0-46; father-rated scores, M = 30.42, SD 9.43, range 7-47 (Table 1, p. 200); family-level (average across parents) scores, M = 30.45, SD = 9.16, range 7-46 (text, p. 200). In the analyses conducted with the corrected variables, all the findings reported in the article and in the supplemental materials were unchanged. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2018-55000-001.) We tested empirically a theoretical model of early origins of conscientiousness proposed by Eisenberg, Duckworth, Spinrad, and Valiente (2014). The model posited a developmental interplay between children's early effortful control (EC) and internalized or committed compliance with parents as leading to future conscientiousness. We followed a community sample of 102 community mothers, fathers, and children from toddlerhood to adolescence. Observers coded children's EC in batteries of behavioral tasks (at ages 2 and 3) and committed compliance in lengthy discipline interactions with each parent, observed from preschool to early school age (at ages 4.5, 5.5, and 6.5). Parents rated adolescents' conscientiousness using an established personality questionnaire (at age 14). We supported several components of the theoretical model. Mediation analyses, conducted at the family level (across mother-child and father-child dyads) and separate analyses for mother-child and father-child dyads all supported the mediated path, from child EC to committed compliance to conscientiousness. Analyses for mother-child dyads additionally revealed that the indirect effect was present only for children with relatively low EC scores but not those with relatively high EC scores (moderated mediation), also as anticipated in the theoretical model. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Translation Quality and Error Recognition in Professional Neural Machine Translation Post-Editing

This study aims to analyse how translation experts from the German department of the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Translation (DGT) identify and correct different error categories in neural machine translated texts (NMT) and their post-edited versions (NMTPE). The term translation expert encompasses translator, post-editor as well as revisor. Even though we focus on neural machine-translated segments, translator and post-editor are used synonymously because of the combined workflow using CAT-Tools as well as machine translation. Only the distinction between post-editor, which refers to a DGT translation expert correcting the neural machine translation output, and revisor, which refers to a DGT translation expert correcting the post-edited version of the neural machine translation output, is important and made clear whenever relevant. Using an automatic error annotation tool and the more fine-grained manual error annotation framework to identify characteristic error categories in the DGT texts, a corpus analysis revealed that quality assurance measures by post-editors and revisors of the DGT are most often necessary for lexical errors. More specifically, the corpus analysis showed that, if post-editors correct mistranslations, terminology or stylistic errors in an NMT sentence, revisors are likely to correct the same error type in the same post-edited sentence, suggesting that the DGT experts were being primed by the NMT output. Subsequently, we designed a controlled eye-tracking and key-logging experiment to compare participants’ eye movements for test sentences containing the three identified error categories (mistranslations, terminology or stylistic errors) and for control sentences without errors. We examined the three error types’ effect on early (first fixation durations, first pass durations) and late eye movement measures (e.g., total reading time and regression path durations). Linear mixed-effects regression models predict what kind of behaviour of the DGT experts is associated with the correction of different error types during the post-editing process.

Metric Based Ontology Quality Evaluation

Ontology helps semantic web to process and understand large amount of data available in Internet. Ontology uses concepts and their relationship with each other to represent knowledge within a domain. The represented knowledge can be analysed, inferred and reused to make decisions and to derive new knowledge. The developed ontology has to be assessed for quality before using or reusing it. Evaluation becomes a key factor to determine the quality of ontology. Different approaches and methods are used to ensure the quality desired by the user. This article identifies various aspects of ontology, provides a framework for metric based ontology evaluation, elucidates components in the framework and develops a tool based on the framework. The framework checks the syntax, structural and semantic measures of ontology. While a reasoner takes care of the syntax and parser errors, the structural metrics analyses the taxonomy of ontology. Semantic measures deal with the distance of concepts in ontology. Further, competency questions are used to do custom based quality checking of a particular domain. This article provides a systematic way to identify and measure the quality of ontology based on metrics.

METODE ECONOMIC PRODUCTION QUANTITY DALAM SISTEM PERENCANAAN DAN PENGALIHAN PRODUKSI

Over Production and developing modes require companies to issue new products before the old product is sold out. The company problem is that the company loses and many products are damaged so the product cannot be sold because the product is stored too long and the storage costs and selling value fall product because of similar product competition. The product control phase began to be implemented to anticipate the swelling of new inventories, with the method of economic production quantity being one of the efforts to suppress production and control production so that the value of these products could be maintained and the company would not suffer losses due to damage to manufactured goods. Types of Data consist of Primary Data, There are 2 kinds of primary data that the authors do, namely: Observation Method, Interview Method, and Secondary Data in the form of Library Studies Browsing the Internet. Data analysis by analyzing the system using UML, input-output design and system testing From another process, one form of a separate data collection process is provided according to the production data control needs of the EPQ Method and is feasible if the process is stored in full. And the data displayed is in accordance with the testing of Production control validity and the results of the test can be concluded that the software built is free of syntax errors for results that are as expected. All functions in the production control application with the Algorithm method can be valid.Keywords: Production Control, Pola, Economic Production Quantity

An Analysis of Korean-English Translation Errors in Google Translate

The purpose of this study is to identify types of errors that occur when using Google Translate and to suggest more effective ways to benefit from machine translation translators. The topics in the 30 news articles dealt with health and diet. The researchers directed the error analysis by comparing the English translation of the original Korean text with the eleven categories and their sub-categories. Among those translated by the Google Translate Program, according to our research, the number of sentences that contained errors was 365 (67.2%) and that of correct sentences was 178 (32.8%). Sentence structure errors, the highest of the eleven categories, recorded 172 (21.31%) cases, followed by nouns with 143 (17.72%), and verbs with 119 (14.75%). The findings emphasize the need to learn how to use machine translators effectively. Finally, Google Translate users need to avoid using complex sentences and vague words when translating Korean text into English.

Language Error Analysis in MPBI-UMS Students Speech Who Roled as Police Officers

This study aims to describe language errors made by the Klaten police officers when giving speeches. The method used in this study is qualitative. The data collection technique used is refer to and record. The data analysis method used is the Agih method. Data analysis techniques use extending techniques and reading merkah techniques. The results of this study were (1) phonological errors 5. (2) spelling field errors 1. (3) morphological errors, 1 pleonasms, and 9 prepositions. (4) syntax errors, 6 word waste errors, 6 repetition errors and 1 sentence ineffectiveness. (5) sociolinguistic errors, 3 code switching errors.

Possible Improvements of Modern Dynamic Geometry Software

Contemporary education is starting to supersede the traditional one (teacher-to-student lessons) with technology-rich learning using various educational tools and a selection of materials that are effective, efficient and appealing to students. Dynamic Geometry Software (DGS) today is widely used in teaching and learning mathematical topics. Such kind of educational software can evolve in several ways, by either adding new features on the surface or by evolving the evaluation engine at its core. The implementation of a DGS needs to be straightforward and modular. To achieve the evolution of a DGS core we have developed a programming framework for the Dynamic Geometry Software, SLGeometry, with a genericized functional language and the corresponding expression evaluation engine. Engine acts as a framework into which specific semantics is embedded in the form of code, annotated with metadata. An ordinary expression tree evaluator is transformed into an object-oriented one by this framework. Whilst other DGS are based on purely functional expression evaluators, our solution has the advantages of being more general, maintainable, understandable, easy to implement, and providing a natural way of specifying object properties in the user interface, minimizing typing and syntax errors. The modular approach enables independent development of subject-specific components, which are easily added to the evaluation engine in the form of plug-ins. The object-oriented nature of the framework enables development of self-contained units, such as objects and visual elements which encapsulate domain-specific semantic and present it to the user as virtual placeholders for real-life objects and notions. In this paper we present several possible improvements of Dynamic Geometry Software, particularly having in mind the platform that we have implemented. Additionally we discuss benefits of these features and their influence on the users/students. The approach is tested on SLGeometry -- our DGS platform, developed in C# on the .NET Framework.